Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l26408-l26496

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l26408-l26496

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l26408-l26496
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: ENTITLED, THE TRUE BELIEVERS; REVEALED AT MECCA. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST
    MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER XXIV. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 26408-26496
  start: '26408'
  end: '26496'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage gives ethical and legal instructions concerning forgiveness,
    slander, privacy, modesty, marriage, manumission, and sexual coercion. It warns
    that false accusers of believing women will be cursed and punished, and that their
    tongues, hands, and feet will testify against them on the day God renders judgment.
    Translator notes connect the forgiveness instruction to Abu Becr, Mestah, and
    Ayesha, and compare Ayesha’s vindication with other extraordinary testimonies
    in Qur'anic narratives.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Those with wealth and ability are told not to swear that they will withhold
    support from kindred, the poor, and those who fled their country for God’s religion;
    they are told to forgive and act benevolently.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Those who falsely accuse modest believing women are said to be cursed in this
    world and the world to come and to suffer severe punishment.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: A future day is described when the accusers’ tongues, hands, and feet bear
    witness concerning what they have done.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: God is described as rendering the accused or accusers their just due on that
    day.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: Believers are instructed not to enter houses other than their own until they
    have asked permission and greeted the household, and to return if told to return.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: Male believers are instructed to restrain their eyes and avoid immodest actions.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: Believing women are instructed to restrain their eyes, preserve modesty, conceal
    ornaments except in specified cases, and draw veils over their bosoms.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: Women are instructed not to make noise with their feet in a way that would
    reveal hidden ornaments.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: The community is instructed to marry single persons and honest male and female
    servants, with the assurance that God can enrich the poor from his abundance.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:10
  text: Slaves who desire a written instrument for redemption are to be given one
    if good is known in them, and maid-servants are not to be compelled into prostitution
    if they wish to live chastely.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:11
  text: A translator note says this forgiveness passage was revealed concerning Abu
    Becr, who had sworn not to continue supporting Mestah after Mestah joined in scandalizing
    Ayesha, but resumed the support after hearing the verse.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:12
  text: A translator note reports Al Beidwi’s observation that God cleared Joseph,
    Moses, Mary, and Ayesha by extraordinary testimonies.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: The divine authority described as gracious, merciful, knowing what
    people do, pardoning, rendering just due, and enriching from abundance.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: True believers
  description: The addressed community receiving instructions on forgiveness, entering
    houses, modesty, marriage, and repentance.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Those with wealth and ability
  description: People among the believers who possess abundance and are warned not
    to swear against giving aid.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Kindred, the poor, and religious refugees
  description: Groups named as proper recipients of aid and benevolence.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: False accusers and slanderers
  description: People who falsely accuse modest believing women and whose own body
    parts will testify against them.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Modest believing women
  description: Women described as modest, true believers, and targets of false accusation;
    the commentary notes that the words especially concern those who slandered the
    prophet’s wives.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Tongues, hands, and feet
  description: Body parts said to bear witness against the false accusers concerning
    what they have done.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Believing women
  description: Women addressed with instructions concerning gaze, modesty, ornaments,
    veils, and bodily comportment.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Servants, slaves, and maid-servants
  description: Dependent persons mentioned in instructions about marriage, written
    redemption, gifts from God’s riches, and protection from compelled prostitution.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Abu Becr, Mestah, and Ayesha
  description: 'Persons named in a translator note explaining the occasion of the
    forgiveness verse: Abu Becr, his poor refugee kinsman Mestah, and Ayesha, who
    had been scandalized.'
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Joseph, Moses, Mary, and Ayesha
  description: Persons listed in a translator note as having been cleared by God through
    extraordinary testimonies.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine judge and pardoner
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God is said to pardon, know actions, render just due, and be gracious and
    merciful.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: role:2
  label: addressed moral community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The passage repeatedly addresses true believers with commands and admonitions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: role:3
  label: potential withholders of aid
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Those with abundance and ability are warned not to swear against giving to
    specified recipients.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:4
  label: recipients of benevolence
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Kindred, the poor, and refugees for God’s religion are named as people to
    whom aid should be given.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:5
  label: slanderers under judgment
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: False accusers are threatened with curse, punishment, and testimony against
    them by their own body parts.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:6
  label: falsely accused chaste believers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Modest believing women are named as victims of false accusation and calumny.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:7
  label: bodily witnesses
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Tongues, hands, and feet are said to bear witness concerning what the accusers
    have done.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:8
  label: modesty-observing addressees
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Believing women are given instructions about gaze, modesty, ornaments, veils,
    and foot-noise.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:9
  label: dependents seeking marriage, freedom, or protection
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Servants are included in marriage instructions; slaves may seek a redemption
    instrument; maid-servants are protected from compelled prostitution.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: role:10
  label: commentarial occasion figures
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: The note presents Abu Becr, Mestah, and Ayesha as figures in the occasion
    for the forgiveness verse.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:11
  label: vindicated figures in commentary
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: The note lists these persons as cleared by God through extraordinary testimonies.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: bodily testimony
  literal_form: tongues, hands, and feet bearing witness
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:2
  label: household threshold and permission
  literal_form: houses entered only after leave and salutation
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:3
  label: veil over the bosom
  literal_form: veils thrown over women’s bosoms
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:4
  label: hidden ornaments
  literal_form: ornaments concealed from view and not revealed by foot-noise
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:5
  label: written redemption instrument
  literal_form: written instrument allowing a slave to redeem themselves by paying
    a sum
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Forgiveness and continued benevolence
  summary: Those with resources are told not to withhold aid from kin, the poor, or
    religious refugees, but to forgive and act benevolently; the note links this to
    Abu Becr resuming support for Mestah after Ayesha’s slander episode.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:9
- id: scene:2
  label: Judgment on false accusers
  summary: False accusers of modest believing women are warned of curse and punishment,
    and a day is described when their tongues, hands, and feet testify against them
    before God’s judgment.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Rules for entering houses
  summary: Believers are instructed to ask leave and salute before entering others’
    houses, not to enter empty houses without permission, and to return if told to
    return.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Modesty instructions
  summary: Male believers are told to restrain their eyes and avoid immodest actions;
    believing women are told to preserve modesty, veil their bosoms, limit display
    of ornaments, and avoid revealing hidden ornaments through foot-noise.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:5
  label: Marriage, manumission, and protection from coercion
  summary: The passage commands marriage for single persons and honest servants, says
    God can enrich the poor, provides for written redemption instruments for slaves,
    and forbids compelling chaste maid-servants into prostitution.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: scene:6
  label: Commentarial pattern of divine vindication
  summary: A translator note reports Al Beidwi’s comparison of Joseph, Moses, Mary,
    and Ayesha as figures cleared by God through extraordinary testimonies.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Divine judgment with bodily witnesses
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage describes a day when tongues, hands, and feet testify against
    false accusers and God renders their just due.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is legal-admonitory rather than a developed narrative episode.
- id: motif:2
  label: Vindication of the falsely accused
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage says the good are cleared from slanderers’ calumnies, and the
    note explicitly discusses God clearing Ayesha by Qur'anic verses.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:10
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The main verses give the warning and vindication in general terms; the
    named examples come from translator commentary.
- id: motif:3
  label: Merciful reciprocity through forgiveness and benevolence
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  basis: Believers with wealth are urged to forgive and continue giving to vulnerable
    recipients, with the rhetorical appeal that they desire God’s pardon.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage frames this as ethical instruction; the taxonomy fit is functional
    rather than a mythic exchange scene.
- id: motif:4
  label: Redemption by written instrument
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Slaves who desire to redeem themselves by paying a sum are to receive a written
    instrument if good is known in them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is a legal-social motif rather than a mythological symbol in the
    passage.
- id: motif:5
  label: Protected threshold and household privacy
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage regulates entry into houses through permission, salutation, and
    withdrawal when admission is refused.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: No available taxonomy reference directly matches the threshold/privacy
    pattern.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The commentary presents Ayesha’s vindication by Qur'anic verses as functionally
    comparable to Joseph, Moses, and Mary being cleared by extraordinary testimonies.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: 'Qur''anic/commentarial examples of divine vindication through extraordinary
    testimony: Joseph, Moses, Mary, and Ayesha'
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The comparison is supplied by the translator’s cited commentary rather
    than by the main verse text, and the referenced episodes are not narrated in this
    passage.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 26408-26413
  quote_or_summary: Those with wealth and ability are told not to swear against giving
    to kindred, the poor, and refugees for God’s religion, but to forgive and act
    benevolently; God is gracious and merciful.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 26414-26423
  quote_or_summary: False accusers of modest believing women are cursed in this world
    and the next and face severe punishment; good men and women are cleared from slanderers’
    calumnies.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:3
  type: quote
  locator: lines 26417-26420
  quote_or_summary: "“their own tongues shall bear witness against them, and their
    hands, and their feet” and God will render their just due."
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation from supplied passage.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 26424-26434
  quote_or_summary: Believers are told not to enter others’ houses until they ask
    leave and salute the family; if no one is present they must wait for permission,
    and if told to return they must return. Uninhabited public-type houses are excepted.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: line 26435 and following
  quote_or_summary: Male believers are told to restrain their eyes and keep themselves
    from immodest actions; God is acquainted with what they do.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 26472-26483
  quote_or_summary: Believing women are told to restrain their eyes, preserve modesty,
    conceal ornaments except in listed relationships, draw veils over their bosoms,
    and avoid foot-noise that reveals hidden ornaments.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 26484-26487
  quote_or_summary: The passage instructs the community to marry single people and
    honest male and female servants, saying God can enrich the poor from his abundance.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 26488-26496
  quote_or_summary: Those without a match are told to remain chaste; slaves seeking
    a written redemption instrument are to receive one if good is known in them, and
    maid-servants must not be compelled into prostitution if they wish chastity.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: translator note a within lines 26437-26442
  quote_or_summary: The note says the passage was revealed concerning Abu Becr, who
    swore not to continue supporting Mestah after Mestah joined in scandalizing Ayesha,
    but continued Mestah’s pension after hearing the verse.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage note.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: translator note d within lines 26450-26456
  quote_or_summary: The note reports Al Beidwi’s observation that God cleared Joseph
    by a child’s testimony, Moses by the fleeing stone, Mary by her infant’s testimony,
    and Ayesha by these Qur'anic verses.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage note.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Literal extraction is strong because the passage is explicit. Motif assignment
    is more tentative where legal-ethical material is mapped to broader motif families.
    The comparison claim rests on the translator’s cited note, not on an independent
    comparison outside the passage.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. Available taxonomy references were applied only where directly supported by passage content.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l26408-l26496
  passage_sha256=0e2540ac3d78da74659b8de48944ee2007b63206b1e1020756fdef3fa931ea5d