Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l2510-l2555

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l2510-l2555

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l2510-l2555
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: THE KORAN. / PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE / SECTION I. / SECTION II.; lines 2510-2555
  start: '2510'
  end: '2555'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage evaluates Mohammed's conduct, the spread of Mohammedism and
    its effects on eastern churches and Christians, Mohammed's alleged desire to be
    regarded as a messenger from God, his persecution, refuge and armed defense, and
    his permissions concerning polygamy, marriage, and divorce, which the author says
    were largely drawn from Jewish decisions.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The author says Mohammed showed wise conduct, prudence, gravity, and circumspection
    while pursuing his design.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The passage describes the sudden spread of Mohammedism as causing destruction
    to eastern churches and successes against Christians.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The author argues that damage to Christianity by Mohammed was due more to
    ignorance than malice.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: The passage says Mohammed desired to be reckoned extraordinary and could do
    so by pretending to be a messenger sent from God to inform mankind of God's will.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: The passage states that persecution by Mohammed's fellow-citizens led him
    to seek refuge elsewhere and take up arms in his own defense.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: The passage says Mohammed permitted plurality of wives with limitations among
    his followers.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: The passage says laws relating to marriage and divorce and special privileges
    granted to Mohammed in the Koran were almost all taken from Jewish decisions.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Mohammed
  description: The founder discussed by the author; described as prudent, as claiming
    or pretending to be a messenger from God, as persecuted by fellow-citizens, as
    taking refuge and arms, and as permitting plural wives with limitations.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: God
  description: The divine sender in the author’s description of Mohammed's claimed
    messenger role.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Mohammed's fellow-citizens
  description: The people whose injurious treatment and persecutions are said to have
    caused Mohammed to seek refuge elsewhere.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Christians
  description: The group against whom the passage says Mohammed's followers had successes
    and for whom Mohammedism was fatal.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Mohammed's followers
  description: The group among whom Mohammed is said to have permitted plurality of
    wives with limitations.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Jewish decisions
  description: The body of decisions from which the author says Mohammed took laws
    about marriage and divorce and special privileges in the Koran.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: prudent founder
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The author attributes wise conduct, prudence, gravity, and circumspection
    to Mohammed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: claimed divine messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage says Mohammed sought extraordinary status by pretending to be
    a messenger sent from God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:3
  label: persecuted refugee and armed defender
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage says persecution led him to seek refuge elsewhere and take up
    arms in self-defense.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:4
  label: lawgiver on marriage and divorce
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage says he permitted plurality of wives and adopted laws relating
    to marriages and divorces.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: role:5
  label: divine sender in claimed commission
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: God is named as the sender from whom Mohammed allegedly claimed messenger
    status.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:6
  label: persecutors
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The passage says fellow-citizens treated Mohammed injuriously and persecuted
    him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:7
  label: opponents or victims of expansion
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The passage says Mohammedism had successes against Christians and was fatal
    to them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:8
  label: recipients of permitted polygamy
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The passage says plurality of wives was permitted among Mohammed's followers
    with limitations.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:9
  label: source of legal borrowing
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The passage states that marriage, divorce, and privilege laws were almost
    all taken from Jewish decisions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
symbols: []
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Assessment of Mohammed's prudence
  summary: The author describes Mohammed as showing wise conduct and prudence, while
    considering whether such conduct is compatible with religious enthusiasm or madness.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Spread of Mohammedism against eastern churches
  summary: The passage describes the rapid spread of Mohammedism, destruction of eastern
    churches, and successes against Christians, producing hostility toward the religion
    among those harmed by it.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Claimed messenger role, persecution, refuge, and arms
  summary: The author says Mohammed sought extraordinary status by claiming to be
    a messenger from God, and that persecution by his fellow-citizens led him to refuge
    elsewhere and eventually armed defense.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:4
  label: Polygamy and legal sources
  summary: The passage discusses Mohammed's permission of plural wives with limitations
    and states that laws on marriage, divorce, and special privileges were largely
    taken from Jewish decisions.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Claimed divine messenger sent to convey God's will
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The passage describes Mohammed as seeking extraordinary status by claiming
    or pretending to be a messenger sent from God to inform mankind of divine will.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage is a hostile secondary characterization in a preliminary discourse,
    not a narrative passage from the Koran itself.
- id: motif:2
  label: Persecuted founder departs into refuge and later takes up arms
  taxonomy_refs:
  - departure
  basis: The passage gives a sequence in which injurious treatment and persecution
    cause Mohammed to seek refuge elsewhere and to take up arms in self-defense.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage frames this as historical explanation rather than mythic narrative.
- id: motif:3
  label: Religious lawgiver regulates marriage and divorce
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage says Mohammed permitted plural wives with limitations and adopted
    laws relating to marriage, divorce, and special privileges in the Koran.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: No specific symbolic object or mythic episode is given; the motif is a
    legal-religious pattern.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage itself asserts that Mohammed's laws about marriage, divorce,
    and special privileges were largely taken from Jewish decisions.
  claim_level: historical_contact
  target: Jewish legal decisions concerning marriage and divorce
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: This is the author's assertion within the passage; the provided excerpt
    gives no independent evidence or examples of the alleged borrowing.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2510-2516
  quote_or_summary: Mohammed is described as showing wise conduct, great prudence,
    gravity, circumspection, decency, and precaution.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2517-2524
  quote_or_summary: The passage describes the sudden spread of Mohammedism, destruction
    of eastern churches, and successes against Christians, producing horror of the
    religion among those harmed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2524-2531
  quote_or_summary: The author says the damage Mohammed did to Christianity seems
    due rather to ignorance than malice, because Christian doctrine in his time was
    badly corrupted.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: quote
  locator: lines 2532-2537
  quote_or_summary: Mohammed desired to be reckoned extraordinary by “pretending to
    be a messenger sent from GOD, to inform mankind of his will.”
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2537-2544
  quote_or_summary: The author says persecution by Mohammed's fellow-citizens caused
    him to seek refuge elsewhere and take up arms in his own defense, after which
    success encouraged broader ambitions.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2545-2553
  quote_or_summary: The passage discusses accusations about Mohammed's love of women
    and says he permitted plurality of wives with limitations among his followers,
    in a context where polygamy was not counted immoral in Arabia and the East.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2553-2555
  quote_or_summary: The passage states that laws relating to marriages and divorces,
    and special privileges granted to Mohammed in the Koran, were almost all taken
    from Jewish decisions.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The passage is polemical commentary from the preliminary discourse rather
    than a mythic episode; motifs are therefore framed as religious-historical patterns
    supported by the excerpt.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No concrete symbols from the provided symbol list are present in the passage; symbols are left empty.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l2510-l2555
  passage_sha256=28c6bffd62cc5eba8becbb12976dc63de315fb7af474daf2c94786537bb1c0fd