Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l25070-l25157

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l25070-l25157

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l25070-l25157
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER XX. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER XXI. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 25070-25157
  start: '25070'
  end: '25157'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Sale translation
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: Abraham challenges his father and people for devotion to images, breaks
    the idols except the largest, and uses the episode to argue that the images cannot
    speak or help. The people decide to burn him, but God commands the fire to be
    cold and preserving for Abraham. God delivers Abraham and Lot to a blessed land,
    grants Abraham Isaac and Jacob, and makes them righteous religious models. Lot
    is given wisdom and delivered from a wicked city. Noah calls for destruction on
    his people, and God delivers Noah and his family from a great strait.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Abraham questions his father and people about the images to which they are
    devoted.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Abraham says that the Lord is the creator of the heavens and the earth and
    that he bears witness to this.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: Abraham announces a plot against the idols after the people leave.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: In the people's absence, Abraham enters the temple and breaks the idols except
    the largest one.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: The returning people ask who damaged their gods and identify Abraham as one
    who had spoken reproachfully of them.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: When questioned, Abraham says the largest idol did it and tells the people
    to ask the idols if they can speak.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: The people acknowledge that the idols do not speak, and Abraham argues that
    what they worship besides God cannot profit or hurt them.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: The people order that Abraham be burned to avenge their gods.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:9
  text: When Abraham is cast into the burning pile, God commands the fire to be cold
    and a preservation for Abraham.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:10
  text: God delivers Abraham and Lot to a blessed land.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:11
  text: God grants Isaac and Jacob to Abraham and makes them righteous persons and
    models of religion.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:12
  text: Lot receives wisdom and knowledge and is delivered from a city described as
    wicked and criminal.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:13
  text: Noah calls for destruction on his people, and God delivers Noah and his family
    from a great strait.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Abraham
  description: Recipient of divine direction; challenges idol worship, breaks idols,
    is threatened with burning, and is preserved from the fire.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Abraham's father and people
  description: Devoted to images inherited from their fathers; question Abraham and
    decide to burn him.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: The idols / images
  description: Objects of devotion and worship; broken by Abraham, except the largest;
    described as unable to speak, profit, or hurt.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: The biggest idol
  description: The largest image left unbroken by Abraham, named by him as the apparent
    doer of the damage in his argument.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: God / the Lord
  description: Creator of the heavens and the earth; commands the fire to preserve
    Abraham; delivers Abraham, Lot, and Noah's family; grants descendants and wisdom.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Lot
  description: Delivered with Abraham to a blessed land; given wisdom and knowledge
    and rescued from a wicked city.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Isaac
  description: Granted to Abraham and made righteous.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Jacob
  description: Granted to Abraham and made righteous.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Noah
  description: Calls for destruction on his people and is heard by God.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Noah's family
  description: Delivered with Noah from a great strait.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divinely directed witness
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Abraham is given direction and bears witness that the Lord created the heavens
    and earth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:2
  label: iconoclast and disputant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Abraham plots against and breaks the idols, then argues from their inability
    to speak.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:3
  label: idol-worshipping community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The people say they found their fathers worshipping the images and continue
    defending them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
- id: role:4
  label: powerless cult image
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  basis: The images are broken and are said not to speak, profit, or hurt.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:5
  label: persecutors of Abraham
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The people call for Abraham to be burned to avenge their gods.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: divine protector and deliverer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: God commands the fire to preserve Abraham and delivers Abraham, Lot, and
    Noah's family.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
- id: role:7
  label: delivered figure
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  - fig:10
  basis: Lot is delivered to a blessed land and from a wicked city; Noah's family
    is delivered from a great strait.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: role:8
  label: recipient of wisdom and knowledge
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The passage states that Lot is given wisdom and knowledge.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:9
  label: righteous descendants and religious models
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  basis: Isaac and Jacob are bestowed on Abraham, made righteous, and included among
    models of religion.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:10
  label: prophetic petitioner for judgment
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Noah calls for destruction on his people, and God hears him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: idols / images
  literal_form: Images worshipped by Abraham's father and people; broken in the temple.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: sym:2
  label: temple
  literal_form: Place where the idols stand and where Abraham breaks them.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:3
  label: biggest idol left unbroken
  literal_form: Largest image left intact so blame might be laid upon it.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: fire
  literal_form: Burning pile into which Abraham is cast; commanded to be cold and
    preserving.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:5
  label: blessed land
  literal_form: Land into which Abraham and Lot are brought and which is described
    as blessed for all creatures.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:6
  label: wicked city
  literal_form: City from which Lot is delivered, described as committing filthy crimes.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Abraham questions inherited image worship
  summary: Abraham asks his father and people about the images they worship, and they
    answer that they found their fathers worshipping them.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Breaking of the idols
  summary: After announcing a plot, Abraham enters the temple during the people's
    absence and breaks the idols except the largest one.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Public interrogation and argument
  summary: The people bring Abraham before the assembly; he tells them to ask the
    largest idol if it can speak, and then argues against worshipping beings that
    cannot help or harm.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:4
  label: Threat of burning and preservation in fire
  summary: The people call for Abraham to be burned, but when he is cast into the
    burning pile God commands the fire to be cold and preserving for him.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: scene:5
  label: Deliverance to a blessed land and righteous lineage
  summary: God delivers Abraham and Lot to a blessed land, grants Abraham Isaac and
    Jacob, and makes them righteous models of religion.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: scene:6
  label: Lot delivered from the wicked city
  summary: Lot is given wisdom and knowledge and rescued from a city characterized
    by wicked crimes.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: scene:7
  label: Noah heard and delivered with his family
  summary: Noah calls for destruction on his people; God hears him and delivers him
    and his family from a great strait.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Challenge to powerless idols
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Abraham breaks the images and argues that they cannot speak, profit, or hurt,
    exposing their impotence within the passage's logic.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: No external motif taxonomy reference is supplied for iconoclasm or idol
    trial, so the label is descriptive.
- id: motif:2
  label: Miraculous preservation from fire
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Abraham is cast into a burning pile, and God commands the fire to become
    cold and preserving for him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The available taxonomy contains the symbol 'fire' but no exact motif family
    for non-burning fire; not mapped to 'world_destroying_fire' because the fire is
    localized.
- id: motif:3
  label: Divine reversal of persecutors' plot
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: After the people seek to plot against Abraham, God causes them to be the
    sufferers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage states reversal and suffering but gives limited detail about
    the mode of judgment.
- id: motif:4
  label: Deliverance to a blessed land
  taxonomy_refs:
  - departure
  basis: God delivers Abraham and Lot by bringing them into a land described as blessed
    for all creatures.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage emphasizes divine deliverance and relocation; the taxonomy
    label 'departure' is approximate.
- id: motif:5
  label: Wisdom given to a righteous figure
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: Lot is explicitly given wisdom and knowledge before being delivered from
    the wicked city.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a brief notice rather than an extended wisdom episode.
- id: motif:6
  label: Prophetic petition and family deliverance
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Noah calls for destruction on his people, God hears him, and Noah and his
    family are delivered from a great strait.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The excerpt does not explicitly mention a flood, so it is not mapped to
    'flood_and_renewal' here.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: Sale's note explicitly compares the Abraham idol-breaking episode with a
    Jewish version involving Abraham, Terah, idols, and Nimrod-like punishment.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Jewish Abraham idol-breaking story involving Terah and punishment before
    Nimrod
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The claim rests on the translator's footnote within the supplied passage,
    not on independent verification; the note is polemical in wording and says the
    Jewish version differs in details.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 25070-25157; Abraham questions images
  quote_or_summary: Abraham asks his father and people what the images are to which
    they are devoted; they reply that their fathers worshipped them, and Abraham says
    they and their fathers are in manifest error.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 25070-25157; Abraham's witness and plot
  quote_or_summary: Abraham states that the Lord of the heavens and earth created
    them and says he will devise a plot against the idols after the people leave.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 25070-25157; temple and broken idols
  quote_or_summary: In the people's absence Abraham goes into the temple, breaks the
    idols in pieces except the biggest, and the returning people ask who has done
    this to their gods.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 25070-25157; assembly interrogation
  quote_or_summary: Before the assembly, Abraham denies direct admission and says
    the biggest idol did it, telling the people to ask the idols if they can speak;
    they then recognize their own fault before relapsing and admitting the images
    do not speak.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: quote
  locator: lines 25070-25157; argument against idols and burning order
  quote_or_summary: Abraham asks whether they worship besides God what cannot profit
    or hurt them; the people say, "Burn him, and avenge your gods."
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 25070-25157; translator note i
  quote_or_summary: 'The note says Abraham''s idol-breaking story is also told by
    Jews with variation: Abraham breaks idols in his father''s shop and attributes
    the disorder to a quarrel among the idols, leading to punishment before Nimrod.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: quote
  locator: lines 25070-25157; burning pile and preservation
  quote_or_summary: When Abraham is cast into the burning pile, God says, "O fire,
    be thou cold, and a preservation unto Abraham"; the plotters are made the sufferers.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 25070-25157; deliverance and descendants
  quote_or_summary: God delivers Abraham and Lot into a blessed land, bestows Isaac
    and Jacob on Abraham, makes them righteous, and makes them models of religion
    who direct others by divine command.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 25070-25157; Lot
  quote_or_summary: Lot is given wisdom and knowledge and delivered out of a city
    described as committing filthy crimes; he is led into God's mercy as an upright
    person.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 25070-25157; Noah
  quote_or_summary: Noah calls for destruction on his people; God hears him and delivers
    him and his family from a great strait.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Literal extraction is strong for the Abraham fire episode and the brief Lot
    and Noah notices. Motif mapping is more cautious where available taxonomy labels
    are approximate or where the excerpt is brief. Comparison claim is limited to
    the supplied translator note.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  All observations and motifs are based only on the supplied passage and metadata. No external Quranic, biblical, or folklore sources were used beyond the passage's own notes.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l25070-l25157
  passage_sha256=518fca051efc0f75ee7fbf26141836cac0b5efa7fd19f94f55491d8c1992c1fc