Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l24885-l24979

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l24885-l24979

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l24885-l24979
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER XX. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER XXI. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 24885-24979
  start: '24885'
  end: '24979'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: 'The passage opens Chapter XXI, presenting a warning that the time of account
    is near for the people of Mecca. It describes their dismissal of the Koran and
    of Mohammed, recalls earlier human apostles and destroyed cities, asserts that
    creation is not sport, emphasizes God’s sole sovereignty, denies divine offspring
    and angelic divinity, and presents signs in creation: heavens and earth cloven
    apart, life made from water, and mountains placed to stabilize the earth.'
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The people of Mecca are said to be near the time of giving their account while
    remaining negligent and turning aside from admonition.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Unjust speakers privately call Mohammed a man like themselves and describe
    the message as sorcery, dreams, forgery, or poetry while asking for a miracle
    like those of former prophets.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: Earlier apostles are described as men who received revelation, ate food, and
    were not immortal.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: God is said to have delivered earlier apostles and whomever he pleased, while
    destroying exorbitant transgressors.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: Ungodly cities are described as overthrown; their inhabitants fled, were told
    by angels to return, lamented that they had been unjust, and were rendered extinct
    like mown corn.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: The heavens, the earth, and what is between them are said not to have been
    created by way of sport.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: Truth is said to be opposed to vanity so that vanity vanishes away.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: Whoever is in heaven and on earth is said to be subject to God, and the angels
    in his presence praise him night and day without tiring.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:9
  text: The passage challenges the taking of other gods and states that if there were
    gods besides God in heaven or earth, both would be corrupted.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:10
  text: The passage states that no apostle before Mohammed was sent without receiving
    the revelation that there is no god besides God and that he should be served.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:11
  text: The claim that the Merciful has begotten issue and that angels are his daughters
    is rejected; angels are instead described as honoured servants who execute God’s
    command.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:12
  text: Angels are said to intercede only for those whom God pleases, to tremble for
    fear of him, and any angel claiming to be a god besides him is threatened with
    hell.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:13
  text: The heavens and the earth are described as once solid and then cloven asunder;
    every living thing is said to have been made of water; stable mountains and broad
    passages are placed on earth.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: People of Mecca / Koreish / unbelievers
  description: The addressed people are negligent regarding their account, mock the
    admonition, question Mohammed, and are urged to understand the Koran.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Mohammed
  description: He is referred to by opponents as a man like themselves and is the
    implied addressee told to say that his Lord knows what is spoken.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: God / LORD / the Merciful
  description: The passage describes God as knowing speech in heaven and earth, sending
    down the Koran, delivering and destroying, creating, ruling from the throne, and
    being the only deity to be served.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Former apostles / ancient prophets
  description: Earlier messengers are described as human men receiving revelation,
    eating food, and not being immortal.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Ungodly cities and their inhabitants
  description: Cities are said to have been overthrown; their inhabitants flee, lament
    injustice, and become extinct.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Angels
  description: Angels speak to fleeing inhabitants, serve in God’s presence, praise
    him night and day, execute his command, intercede only by permission, and tremble
    before him.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Other gods besides God
  description: The passage refers to gods taken from the earth or besides God and
    challenges their proof and power.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: admonished hearers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: They hear the newly revealed admonition, turn it to sport, and are urged
    to understand.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:2
  label: accused messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Opponents question whether Mohammed is only a man like themselves and label
    the message sorcery or poetry.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:3
  label: sole deity, creator, and judge
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: God is described as creator, ruler, knower, sender of revelation, deliverer,
    destroyer, and the only god to be served.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: role:4
  label: human apostles receiving revelation
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Earlier apostles are said to have been men to whom God revealed his will,
    with ordinary bodies and mortality.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:5
  label: destroyed transgressors
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Ungodly cities are overthrown and their inhabitants confess injustice before
    extinction.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:6
  label: obedient angelic servants
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Angels praise without tiring, execute God’s command, and do not act or intercede
    apart from his permission.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
- id: role:7
  label: disputed rival deities
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The text asks whether other gods can raise the dead and demands proof for
    gods besides God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: account
  literal_form: the time of giving up their account
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: overthrown cities
  literal_form: cities overthrown because they were ungodly
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:3
  label: mown corn
  literal_form: people rendered like corn which is mown down and utterly extinct
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:4
  label: throne
  literal_form: the throne of God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:5
  label: water as source of living things
  literal_form: every living thing made of water
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:6
  label: stable mountains
  literal_form: stable mountains placed on the earth lest it should move
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:7
  label: cloven heavens and earth
  literal_form: the heavens and the earth were solid and were cloven in sunder
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:8
  label: book of the Koran
  literal_form: the book of the Koran sent down to the Koreish
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Meccan rejection of admonition
  summary: The people of Mecca are warned that their account is near, but they treat
    the newly revealed admonition as sport and accuse Mohammed and the Koran in private
    speech.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Former apostles and destroyed transgressors
  summary: The passage recalls that earlier apostles were human and mortal, that God
    delivered some, and that transgressors and ungodly cities were destroyed.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Creation not for sport and angelic praise
  summary: The passage states that creation was not made as sport, that truth confounds
    vanity, and that all beings are subject to God while angels praise him without
    tiring.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Challenge to rival gods and divine offspring claim
  summary: The passage rejects other gods, demands proof, affirms the monotheistic
    message of all apostles, denies that angels are divine daughters, and describes
    angels as obedient servants.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:5
  label: Signs in cosmic and earthly order
  summary: The passage points to the heavens and earth being cloven apart, living
    things made from water, and mountains and broad passages placed on earth.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Approaching divine account and punishment of unjust peoples
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The account draws near, unjust people are warned, ungodly cities are overthrown,
    and a rebellious angelic claim to divinity is threatened with hell.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The classification is limited to the passage’s explicit language of account,
    destruction, and punishment.
- id: motif:2
  label: Rejected human messenger
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Earlier apostles and Mohammed are presented as human messengers receiving
    revelation, while opponents dismiss the message as sorcery, dreams, forgery, or
    poetry.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: No external prophet-story parallels are asserted here.
- id: motif:3
  label: Monotheistic challenge to rival gods
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage asks whether other gods can raise the dead, argues that multiple
    gods would corrupt heaven and earth, demands proof, and states that all apostles
    received the command to serve only God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a theological argument in the passage rather than a narrative
    episode.
- id: motif:4
  label: Cosmic ordering through separation, water, and stabilizing mountains
  taxonomy_refs:
  - chaos
  basis: The heavens and earth are described as once solid and then cloven apart;
    living things are made from water; mountains are placed to stabilize the earth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy link to chaos is approximate because the passage does not
    explicitly name chaos.
- id: motif:5
  label: Scriptural admonition preserving the memory of earlier peoples
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The Koran is presented as admonition and honourable mention, while the passage
    directs hearers to those acquainted with scripture and recalls earlier apostles
    and destroyed cities.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The wisdom classification is broad and should be reviewed.
- id: motif:6
  label: Angelic obedience and restricted intercession
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Angels are denied independent divinity, described as honoured servants, and
    said to intercede only for those whom God permits.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage treats this doctrinally rather than as a developed narrative
    motif.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24885-24906; Chapter XXI opening admonition
  quote_or_summary: The account draws near for the people of Mecca; they treat the
    newly revealed admonition as sport and privately call Mohammed merely a man, the
    message sorcery, dreams, forgery, or poetry, and ask for a miracle.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized rather than extensively quoted.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24907-24923; former apostles and Koran sent down
  quote_or_summary: Earlier apostles were men receiving revelation, with bodies that
    ate food and were not immortal; God delivered whom he pleased and destroyed transgressors;
    the Koran is sent down to the Koreish.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized rather than extensively quoted.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24924-24943; overthrown cities
  quote_or_summary: Ungodly cities are overthrown; their inhabitants flee, are told
    by angels to return, confess they were unjust, and are made like mown corn, utterly
    extinct.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized rather than extensively quoted.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24944-24957; creation not sport and angels praising
  quote_or_summary: God did not create the heavens and earth as sport; truth confounds
    vanity; all in heaven and earth are subject to him, and angels in his presence
    praise him night and day without tiring.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized rather than extensively quoted.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24958-24970; challenge to other gods
  quote_or_summary: The passage asks whether gods taken from the earth can raise the
    dead, says multiple gods in heaven or earth would corrupt both, demands proof
    for other gods, and states that every apostle was told there is no god besides
    God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized rather than extensively quoted.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24971-24976; angels as servants
  quote_or_summary: The claim that the Merciful has begotten issue and that angels
    are his daughters is rejected; angels are honoured servants who execute God’s
    command, intercede only by permission, tremble before him, and any angel claiming
    divinity is threatened with hell.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized rather than extensively quoted.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24977-24979; cosmic and earthly signs
  quote_or_summary: The heavens and earth were solid and cloven asunder; every living
    thing was made of water; stable mountains and broad passages were placed on the
    earth.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized rather than extensively quoted.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Literal extraction is based directly on the supplied passage. Motif labels
    use available taxonomy only where supported; broad classifications such as chaos
    and wisdom require human review. No comparison claims were made.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Only the provided passage and metadata were used. Translator footnotes were not separately expanded into additional figures or motifs.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l24885-l24979
  passage_sha256=3de911e0fdf2e1959d429b360000d28229fd5ab19f9ca586b12c6457fb0a405c