Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l24046-l24144

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l24046-l24144

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l24046-l24144
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER XVIII. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER XIX. / IN
    THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 24046-24144
  start: '24046'
  end: '24144'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Sale translation
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage includes notes on Mary, Jesus, and judgment, then recounts
    Abraham admonishing his father for idol worship, separating from his people and
    idols, and receiving Isaac and Jacob. It also recalls Moses at Mount Sinai with
    Aaron as assistant, Ismael as a faithful prophet who commands prayer and alms,
    Edris as a just prophet exalted to a high place, and a lineage of chosen prophets
    who worship and weep when divine signs are recited.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: A dry trunk is said to revive, put forth green leaves, and bear ripe fruit
    after a woman speaks.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: A note says Jesus' first words were placed in his mouth to prevent the belief
    that his early speech implied divine nature or a right to worship.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: Abraham is described as truthful and as a prophet.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: Abraham asks his father why he worships what does not hear, see, or profit
    him.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: Abraham says knowledge has been bestowed on him and asks his father to follow
    him on an even way.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: Abraham warns his father not to serve Satan and fears punishment for him from
    the Merciful.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:7
  text: Abraham's father threatens to stone him if he does not desist.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:8
  text: Abraham replies with peace, says he will ask pardon for his father, and states
    that he will separate from his people and their idols.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:9
  text: After Abraham separates from them and their idols, God gives him Isaac and
    Jacob and makes each a prophet.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:10
  text: Moses is called from the right side of Mount Sinai and drawn near for private
    discourse.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:11
  text: Aaron is given to Moses as a prophet and assistant.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:12
  text: Ismael is described as true to his promise, an apostle, and a prophet, and
    commands his family to pray and give alms.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:13
  text: Edris is described as a just person and prophet, and is exalted to a high
    place.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:14
  text: The passage groups these prophets among the posterity of Adam, those carried
    in the ark with Noah, and the posterity of Abraham and Israel.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:15
  text: When the signs of the Merciful are read to the chosen prophets, they fall
    down worshipping and weep.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:16
  text: A note says Ismael is identified by Muslims as the son Abraham was commanded
    to offer, rather than Isaac.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:17
  text: A note says some explain Edris's exaltation as translation to heaven after
    death and restoration to life.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Mary / the woman in the note
  description: A woman connected by the notes with the Virgin Mary; after she speaks,
    a dry trunk revives and bears fruit.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:13
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Jesus
  description: A figure whose first words are described in a note as spoken soon after
    birth.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Abraham
  description: A truthful prophet who admonishes his father, rejects idols, separates
    from his people, and receives Isaac and Jacob.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Abraham's father
  description: The father addressed by Abraham; he worships gods rejected by Abraham
    and threatens to stone him.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Satan
  description: Described in Abraham's speech as rebellious toward the Merciful.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: God / LORD / Merciful
  description: The divine figure who bestows knowledge, mercy, descendants, prophecy,
    and calls Moses near.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Isaac
  description: Given to Abraham after his separation and made a prophet.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Jacob
  description: Given to Abraham after his separation and made a prophet.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Moses
  description: An upright apostle and prophet called from Mount Sinai and brought
    near for private discourse.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Aaron
  description: Given to Moses through divine mercy as a prophet and assistant.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Ismael
  description: True to his promise, an apostle and prophet, and a commander of family
    prayer and almsgiving.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:11
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Edris / Enoch
  description: A just person and prophet exalted to a high place; a note relates him
    to Enoch traditions and heavenly translation interpretations.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:12
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: Noah
  description: Mentioned in connection with those carried in the ark.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:14
  name_or_label: Chosen prophets as a group
  description: A group of prophets from the posterity of Adam and other lineages who
    worship and weep when divine signs are read.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: prophet / apostle
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  - fig:14
  basis: The passage explicitly calls Abraham, Moses, Ismael, Edris, and Aaron prophets
    or apostles and says Isaac and Jacob were made prophets.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: role:2
  label: admonishing monotheist and separator from idols
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Abraham rebukes his father for worshipping powerless objects and says he
    will separate from his people and their idols.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:3
  label: idol-worshipping father and threatener
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Abraham's father is addressed as worshipping gods and replies by threatening
    to stone Abraham.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:4
  label: divine giver and caller
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: God or the Merciful grants knowledge, descendants, prophecy, mercy, and calls
    Moses near.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:5
  label: rebellious adversary
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Abraham states that Satan was rebellious toward the Merciful.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:6
  label: miraculously speaking infant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The note says Jesus spoke soon after birth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:7
  label: household religious commander
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: Ismael commands his family to observe prayer and give alms.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:8
  label: exalted or translated prophet
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: Edris is exalted to a high place, with a note reporting interpretations of
    heavenly translation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:12
- id: role:9
  label: prophetic assistant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: Aaron is given to Moses as a prophet for his assistant.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: revived fruiting tree
  literal_form: Dry trunk revived with green leaves and ripe fruit
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: idols invoked besides God
  literal_form: Idols or gods worshipped by Abraham's father and people
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:3
  label: Mount Sinai
  literal_form: Right side of Mount Sinai
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:4
  label: ark with Noah
  literal_form: Ark in which people were carried with Noah
  associated_figures:
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:5
  label: high place / heaven
  literal_form: High place to which Edris is exalted; note mentions heaven or paradise
  associated_figures:
  - fig:12
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:12
- id: sym:6
  label: divine signs
  literal_form: Signs of the Merciful read aloud
  associated_figures:
  - fig:14
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:7
  label: pen and table of decrees
  literal_form: Creaking pen writing on the table of God's decrees in a note on Moses'
    elevation
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Dry trunk revived after speech
  summary: A note reports that after a woman speaks, a dry trunk revives, grows leaves,
    and bears ripe fruit.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Jesus' infant speech explained
  summary: A note explains Jesus' early speech as a safeguard against claims of divine
    nature or worship.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Abraham admonishes his father
  summary: Abraham urges his father not to worship powerless objects or serve Satan;
    the father threatens him, and Abraham answers with peace and prayer for pardon.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Abraham separates and receives descendants
  summary: After Abraham separates from his people and idols, God gives him Isaac
    and Jacob and makes them prophets.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:5
  label: Moses at Mount Sinai
  summary: Moses is called from the right side of Mount Sinai, drawn near for private
    discourse, and given Aaron as prophetic assistant.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:10
- id: scene:6
  label: Ismael's promise and household observance
  summary: Ismael is remembered as true to his promise, a prophet and apostle, and
    one who commands his family to pray and give alms.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:11
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:7
  label: Edris exalted
  summary: Edris is remembered as a just prophet who is exalted to a high place; a
    note reports interpretations involving heavenly translation.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:12
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:12
- id: scene:8
  label: Chosen prophets worship at recited signs
  summary: The prophets from several lineages are identified as recipients of divine
    bounty; when divine signs are read, they fall down worshipping and weep.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Miraculous child speech
  taxonomy_refs:
  - miraculous_child
  - sacred_birth
  basis: The note says Jesus spoke soon after birth and explains the doctrinal purpose
    of those first words.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage excerpt contains the editorial explanation rather than the
    full infancy-speech episode.
- id: motif:2
  label: Revivified tree bearing fruit
  taxonomy_refs:
  - death_rebirth
  basis: A dry trunk revives and produces leaves and ripe fruit after the woman's
    speech.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The immediate narrative context is partly outside the excerpt; the taxonomy
    has tree as a symbol but no exact fruit-tree miracle motif.
- id: motif:3
  label: Prophet opposes ancestral idol worship
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: Abraham claims bestowed knowledge, critiques his father's worship of powerless
    objects, and offers guidance on an even way.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: The motif is framed here as admonitory prophetic wisdom rather than a
    separate wisdom tale.
- id: motif:4
  label: Departure from idolatrous kin and cult
  taxonomy_refs:
  - departure
  basis: Abraham says he will separate from his people and the idols they invoke;
    after separation, he receives descendants and prophetic continuation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage gives the separation briefly and a note supplies the travel
    itinerary.
- id: motif:5
  label: Divine encounter on sacred mountain
  taxonomy_refs:
  - ascent
  - world_center
  basis: Moses is called from the right side of Mount Sinai and drawn near for private
    discourse with God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:10
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The text names the mountain and divine nearness; broader world-center
    interpretation is not explicit in the passage.
- id: motif:6
  label: Prophetic assistant brother
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Aaron is given to Moses through divine mercy as a prophet and assistant.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy family exactly matches the assistant-brother pattern.
- id: motif:7
  label: Faithful son and commanded sacrifice tradition
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  basis: A note says Ismael was known for constancy when Abraham received the command
    to sacrifice him, and contrasts this with Isaac.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is in commentary rather than the main verse text of the excerpt.
- id: motif:8
  label: Exaltation or translation to heaven
  taxonomy_refs:
  - ascent
  - death_rebirth
  - resurrection
  basis: Edris is exalted to a high place; a note reports that some say he died, was
    restored to life, and was taken into heaven or paradise.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:12
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The main text only states exaltation; resurrection and heavenly-location
    details come from explanatory notes.
- id: motif:9
  label: Ark-borne remnant lineage
  taxonomy_refs:
  - ark_vessel
  - flood_and_renewal
  basis: The chosen prophets are linked to those whom God carried in the ark with
    Noah.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: low
  cautions: The ark and flood story are only alluded to, not narrated in this passage.
- id: motif:10
  label: Worshipful response to divine signs
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: When the signs of the Merciful are read to the chosen prophets, they fall
    down worshipping and weep.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The supplied taxonomy has no exact devotional-recitation motif.
- id: motif:11
  label: Divine punishment and judgment warning
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Abraham fears punishment for his father from the Merciful, and a note discusses
    the terrors and perception of the wicked on the day of judgment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:14
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The judgment-day material is partly in an editorial note attached to prior
    wording.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage's note reports a comparison and controversy around Mary being
    called Aaron's sister, with explanations linking the phrase to Aaron the brother
    of Moses, Levitical descent, or another contemporary named Aaron.
  claim_level: linguistic_similarity
  target: Mary as 'sister of Aaron' in relation to Aaron/Moses traditions and Christian
    objections
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  counter_evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  confidence: low
  limitations: This is an editorial discussion of naming and kinship language, not
    a direct narrative motif claim.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The passage's note compares Edris with Enoch traditions, while also reporting
    a scholarly view that Enoch surnamed Edris may be a different and younger figure.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Edris and Enoch traditions of revelation, knowledge, and heavenly translation
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  counter_evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  confidence: low
  limitations: The evidence is from commentary and includes an explicit alternative
    identification; no historical contact is established by the passage.
- id: claim:3
  claim: The note on Ismael connects the commanded sacrifice motif to an Abrahamic
    tradition and explicitly contrasts the Muslim identification of Ismael with Isaac.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Abrahamic commanded sacrifice of the son, Ismael versus Isaac identification
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  counter_evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The excerpt mentions the comparison in a note rather than narrating
    the sacrifice episode.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: quote
  locator: lines 24046-24047
  quote_or_summary: A dry trunk revived, put forth green leaves, and bore ripe fruit
    after she spoke.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24063-24065
  quote_or_summary: A note says Jesus' first words were placed in his mouth to prevent
    the idea that his early speech implied divine nature or a right to worship.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24080-24091
  quote_or_summary: Abraham is called truthful and a prophet; he admonishes his father
    against worshipping powerless things and serving Satan, receives a threat of stoning,
    replies with peace, and says he will separate from the people and idols.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24092-24096
  quote_or_summary: After Abraham separates from his people and their idols, God gives
    him Isaac and Jacob, makes each a prophet, and grants mercy and high commendation.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24097-24101
  quote_or_summary: Moses is remembered as upright, an apostle and prophet; God calls
    him from the right side of Mount Sinai, draws him near for private discourse,
    and gives Aaron as prophetic assistant.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24102-24104
  quote_or_summary: Ismael is remembered as true to his promise, an apostle and prophet,
    and as commanding his family to pray and give alms.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24105-24107
  quote_or_summary: Edris is remembered as a just person and prophet, and God exalts
    him to a high place.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24108-24112
  quote_or_summary: The prophets are linked to the posterity of Adam, those carried
    in the ark with Noah, and the posterity of Abraham and Israel; when the signs
    of the Merciful are read, they fall down worshipping and weep.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24117-24120
  quote_or_summary: A note explains Abraham's separation as flight to Harran and then
    Palestine, and glosses the commendation as a lofty tongue of truth.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24121-24124
  quote_or_summary: A note reports an interpretation that Moses was raised so high
    he heard the creaking of the pen writing on the table of God's decrees.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24125-24128
  quote_or_summary: A note says Ismael was celebrated for fulfilling his promise when
    Abraham was commanded to sacrifice him, and says Muslims identify Ismael, not
    Isaac, as the intended offering.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24129-24144
  quote_or_summary: Notes identify Edris with or compare him to Enoch, associate him
    with knowledge and books of revelation, report a contrary scholarly identification,
    and explain his high place as prophetic honor or heavenly translation after death
    and restoration to life.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24053-24062
  quote_or_summary: A note discusses Christian objections and Muslim explanations
    regarding Mary being called Aaron's sister, including possibilities of an actual
    brother, Aaron of Moses, Levitical descent, comparison, or another contemporary
    Aaron.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:14
  type: summary
  locator: lines 24067-24073
  quote_or_summary: A note explains words concerning the wicked on the day of judgment,
    when they perceive prepared torments, or as a threat or command to lay out the
    terrors of that day.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: low
  notes: The main narrative is clear for Abraham, Moses, Ismael, and Edris. Some extracted
    motifs rely on Sale's explanatory notes and on partial context from the preceding
    Mary/Jesus episode, so they require review.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. Taxonomy references are limited to those provided in the request.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l24046-l24144
  passage_sha256=96c6683d9d48fa0d9da8e81ba35511a4f6cb49ecc000de2c08c99e6abcee511a