Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l21863-l21948

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l21863-l21948

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l21863-l21948
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER XV. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER XVI. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 21863-21948
  start: '21863'
  end: '21948'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage includes translator notes on natural signs, mountains stabilizing
    the earth, stars as guides, and a tower attributed to Nimrod. The main text describes
    resurrection, shame for unbelievers, angels taking souls, hell for the proud,
    gardens and paradise for the pious, earlier peoples destroyed after rejecting
    apostles, the command to worship God and avoid Taghut, and an affirmation that
    God will raise the dead.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: A translator note says mountains were thrown onto the initially smooth earth
    to fix and stabilize it.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: A translator note says stars guide travelers by sea, land, and night travel
    through deserts.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: A translator note reports an interpretation in which Nimrod built a very high
    tower at Babel to ascend to heaven and wage war there, but God overthrew it by
    wind and earthquake.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:4
  text: On the day of resurrection, God covers the unbelievers with shame and asks
    about the companions concerning whom they disputed.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: Angels cause unjust people to die; those people deny wrongdoing, and the angels
    answer that God knows what they did.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:6
  text: The unjust are told to enter the gates of hell and remain there forever.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:7
  text: Those who fear God are promised good, an excellent reward, gardens of eternal
    abode, rivers beneath them, and whatever they wish.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:8
  text: Angels greet the righteous with peace and tell them to enter paradise as reward
    for their deeds.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:9
  text: Earlier people acted similarly; the passage says God was not unjust toward
    them, but they wronged their own souls, and the judgment they mocked fell on them.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:10
  text: The passage says every nation previously received an apostle who admonished
    them to worship God and avoid Taghut.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:11
  text: Some people were directed by God, while others were decreed to go astray.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:12
  text: The passage says some swear that God will not raise the dead, and it answers
    that the promise is true.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God / LORD
  description: The deity who judges, rewards, directs, leads into error, sends down
    good, raises the dead, and commands worship of himself alone.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Unbelievers / unjust / proud / idolaters
  description: People described as unbelievers, unjust toward their own souls, proud,
    idolaters, or deniers of resurrection.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Angels
  description: Beings who cause people to die, answer the unjust, and greet the righteous
    with peace.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Those given knowledge
  description: A group who answer that shame and misery fall on the unbelievers on
    the day of resurrection.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Those who fear God / righteous / pious
  description: People promised good, gardens, rivers, paradise, and peace from the
    angels.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Apostles
  description: Messengers raised in every nation to admonish people to worship God
    and avoid Taghut; their duty is described as public preaching.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Taghut
  description: A named entity or object of avoidance in the admonition to worship
    God and avoid Taghut.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Prophet
  description: The addressed prophet who wishes for the direction of others but cannot
    direct one whom God has resolved to lead into error.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Tribe of Koreish
  description: The addressed group told to go through the earth and see the end of
    those who accused their apostles of imposture.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Nimrod
  description: A figure in a translator note said by some interpreters to have built
    a tower at Babel to ascend to heaven and wage war there.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine judge and rewarder
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God covers unbelievers with shame, assigns hell, rewards the pious, directs
    or leads astray, and affirms resurrection.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:2
  label: condemned deniers and idolaters
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: They deny wrongdoing or resurrection, are associated with idolatry, and are
    threatened with shame, misery, and hell.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
- id: role:3
  label: death agents and paradise greeters
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Angels cause both unjust and righteous people to die, answer the unjust,
    and greet the righteous with peace.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:4
  label: knowledgeable witnesses
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Those given knowledge answer on the day of resurrection that shame and misery
    fall on unbelievers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:5
  label: rewarded righteous
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: They are promised good reward, gardens with rivers, and entry into paradise.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:6
  label: public admonishers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Apostles are raised in every nation and their duty is described as public
    preaching and admonition.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:7
  label: forbidden object or power to avoid
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The apostolic admonition commands people to worship God and avoid Taghut.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:8
  label: addressed prophet who desires guidance for others
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The prophet is addressed as wishing for their direction, but the text says
    God will not direct one resolved to error.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:9
  label: warned audience
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The Koreish are told to travel through the earth and see the end of those
    who accused apostles of imposture.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:10
  label: failed heaven assailant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: The note describes Nimrod as building a tower to ascend to heaven and wage
    war, but the tower is overthrown.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: mountains stabilizing the earth
  literal_form: mountains thrown onto the earth to fix it
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: stars as guides
  literal_form: stars used for guidance by sea, land, and desert night travel
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: tower of Babel ascent
  literal_form: immense tower built to ascend to heaven
  associated_figures:
  - fig:10
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:4
  label: gates of hell
  literal_form: gates of hell entered by the unjust
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:5
  label: gardens of eternal abode
  literal_form: gardens into which the pious enter
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:6
  label: rivers beneath the gardens
  literal_form: rivers flowing beneath the gardens
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:7
  label: paradise
  literal_form: paradise entered by the righteous
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:8
  label: day of resurrection
  literal_form: day when shame, misery, judgment, and raising of the dead are described
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
- id: sym:9
  label: Taghut
  literal_form: Taghut named as something to avoid
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Natural and cosmological signs in translator notes
  summary: Notes describe fish from salt water, pearls and coral, mountains stabilizing
    the earth, and stars guiding travelers.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Failed tower ascent
  summary: A translator note gives an interpretation in which Nimrod builds a high
    tower at Babel to ascend to heaven and wage war, but God overthrows it with wind
    and earthquake.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:3
  label: Shame and hell for the unjust
  summary: On the day of resurrection, unbelievers are covered with shame; angels
    take the unjust at death, reject their denial of evil, and they are told to enter
    hell forever.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:4
  label: Reward and paradise for the pious
  summary: Those who fear God are promised good reward, gardens of eternal abode with
    rivers beneath, and entry into paradise with the angels' greeting of peace.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:5
  label: Earlier peoples and apostolic warning
  summary: The passage says previous peoples acted similarly, judgment fell on them,
    and every nation received an apostle commanding worship of God and avoidance of
    Taghut.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:6
  label: Denial and affirmation of resurrection
  summary: Some swear that God will not raise the dead; the passage responds that
    this promise is true though many do not know it.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: divine judgment of unbelievers and reward of the righteous
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage contrasts shame, hell, and destroyed rejecters with gardens,
    rivers, paradise, and peace for the righteous.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The extraction is limited to this passage and does not infer broader doctrine
    beyond the stated judgment scenes.
- id: motif:2
  label: resurrection and raising of the dead
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: The passage refers to the day of resurrection and directly affirms that God
    will raise the dead.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: No detailed resurrection sequence is given beyond judgment, shame, and
    affirmation of the promise.
- id: motif:3
  label: afterlife destinations entered after death
  taxonomy_refs:
  - afterlife_journey_map
  basis: Angels take souls; the unjust enter gates of hell, while the righteous enter
    paradise and gardens with rivers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage names afterlife destinations and entry points but does not
    provide a full journey itinerary.
- id: motif:4
  label: failed ascent to heaven by tower
  taxonomy_refs:
  - ascent
  basis: A translator note reports an interpretation of Nimrod's tower as an attempt
    to ascend to heaven and wage war, frustrated by God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This motif comes from a translator note reporting some interpreters, not
    from the main translated verse text in this excerpt.
- id: motif:5
  label: mountains as stabilizers of the earth
  taxonomy_refs:
  - cosmic_mountain
  basis: A translator note says God fixed the initially tottering earth by throwing
    mountains on it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is a reported explanatory tradition in a note, not a developed narrative
    in the main passage.
- id: motif:6
  label: messengers sent to nations and rejected
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage states that every nation received an apostle and instructs the
    audience to see the end of those who accused apostles of imposture.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: No specific named earlier nation is narrated in detail in this excerpt.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: 'The passage itself presents a recurring pattern across prior peoples: an
    apostle publicly admonishes a nation, some accuse or reject, and their end becomes
    a warning.'
  claim_level: same_function
  target: rejected-apostle warning pattern within earlier nations mentioned by the
    passage
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: This is an internal comparison within the passage's own references
    to earlier peoples; it does not establish historical contact or compare to an
    external tradition.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: 21863-21883
  quote_or_summary: Translator notes mention natural distinctions, fish from salt
    water, pearls and coral, mountains fixing the earth, stars as travel guides, and
    an interpretation of Nimrod's tower at Babel as a failed ascent to heaven overthrown
    by God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 21888-21897
  quote_or_summary: On the day of resurrection God covers unbelievers with shame;
    angels cause the unjust to die, reject their denial of evil, and the unjust are
    told to enter the gates of hell forever.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 21898-21905
  quote_or_summary: Those who fear God are promised good, a better next life, gardens
    of eternal abode with rivers beneath, and whatever they wish; angels tell the
    righteous, 'Peace be upon you,' and to enter paradise.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized with brief quotation.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 21906-21914
  quote_or_summary: The passage says earlier people acted similarly, wronged their
    own souls, and the divine judgment they mocked fell on them; idolaters justify
    worship besides God and forbidden things.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 21915-21920
  quote_or_summary: Every nation received an apostle admonishing worship of God and
    avoidance of Taghut; some were directed and others went astray; the Koreish are
    told to see the end of those who accused apostles; the prophet cannot guide those
    God resolves to lead into error.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: 21921-21922
  quote_or_summary: Some swear that God will not raise the dead; the passage answers
    that the promise is true, though most people do not know it.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Main afterlife and judgment motifs are explicit. Cosmic mountain and ascent
    motifs are based on translator notes within the supplied passage, so they require
    review.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the supplied passage and available taxonomy references. Empty taxonomy arrays indicate no supplied taxonomy reference was confidently applicable.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l21863-l21948
  passage_sha256=89cab3dfe4ed34348e4bae1f4fdc6aa5a7776825e6afd75f0cc1e06076986159