batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l21184-l21281
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l21184-l21281
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: CHAPTER XIII. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER XIV. / IN
THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 21184-21281
start: '21184'
end: '21281'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: lead men forth from darkness into light
summary: The passage opens Chapter XIV, presents the book as divine guidance from
darkness into light, recalls Moses and the deliverance from Pharaoh's people,
summarizes earlier nations' rejection of apostles, contrasts trust in God with
unbelief, threatens the wicked with destruction and hellish drink, likens unbelievers'
works to ashes scattered by wind, affirms God's power to create and replace creatures,
and depicts a last-day exchange between weak followers and arrogant leaders.
language: English
quote_policy: quoted
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The book is described as sent down so that the addressee may lead people from
darkness into light by the Lord's permission.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: God is said to possess whatever is in heaven and on earth, and infidels are
threatened with grievous punishment.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: No apostle is said to have been sent except with the language of his own people
so he could declare their duty plainly.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: Moses was formerly sent with signs and commanded to lead his people from darkness
into light and remind them of God's favors.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:5
text: Moses reminds his people that God delivered them from the people of Pharaoh,
who oppressed them, slew male children, and let females live.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:6
text: God's declaration through Moses links thankfulness with increased favor and
ingratitude with severe punishment.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:7
text: The histories of the people of Noah, Ad, Thamud, and later peoples are invoked
as prior examples.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:8
text: Earlier apostles came with evident miracles, but their audiences rejected
the message and expressed doubt.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:9
text: The rejecting peoples object that the apostles are only men like themselves
and demand an evident miraculous demonstration.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:10
text: The apostles reply that they are men like their audiences, that miracles are
only by God's permission, and that the faithful should trust in God.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:11
text: Unbelievers threaten to expel the apostles from their land unless they return
to the unbelievers' religion.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:12
text: God reveals that the wicked doers will be destroyed and that the apostles
or believers will dwell in the earth after them.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: obs:13
text: A rebellious perverse person is described as facing unseen hell and being
given filthy water to drink.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- id: obs:14
text: The punished person drinks little by little with difficulty, is approached
by death from every quarter without dying, and has grievous torment before him.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: obs:15
text: The works of unbelievers are likened to ashes violently scattered by wind
on a stormy day.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- id: obs:16
text: God is said to have created the heavens and earth in wisdom and to be able
to destroy people and produce a new creature in their place.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- id: obs:17
text: At the last day all come forth into God's presence, and weak followers ask
arrogant leaders to avert part of the divine vengeance.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
- id: obs:18
text: The arrogant leaders answer that they cannot escape torment and could only
have guided the followers if God had guided them.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:18
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: Divine possessor of heaven and earth, sender of the book and apostles,
creator, guide, judge, destroyer of wicked doers, and giver of punishment or favor.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:12
- ev:16
- ev:17
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Addressed recipient of the book
description: The one to whom the book is sent down, charged with leading people
from darkness into light.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Men / people to be led
description: People whom the book is meant to lead from darkness into light.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Infidels / unbelievers
description: Those who love the present life above what is to come, turn people
aside from God's way, reject apostles, and face punishment.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:8
- ev:11
- ev:15
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Moses
description: A former messenger sent with signs, who speaks to his people about
God's favor and deliverance.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Moses's people
description: People whom Moses is commanded to lead from darkness into light and
whom God delivered from Pharaoh's people.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: People of Pharaoh
description: Oppressors of Moses's people who slew male children and allowed females
to live.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Male children and females of Moses's people
description: Male children were slain, while females were allowed to live, in the
oppression described by Moses.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: People of Noah, Ad, Thamud, and later peoples
description: Predecessor nations whose histories are invoked as examples of peoples
approached by apostles.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Earlier apostles
description: Messengers who came to predecessor peoples with evident miracles and
replied to objections about their mission.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:10
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Faithful
description: Those instructed to trust in God and endure persecution with patience.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Wicked doers
description: Those whom God says he will surely destroy after threats against the
apostles.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Rebellious perverse person
description: A person who fails of success and is described as facing hell, filthy
water, death without dying, and torment.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- ev:14
- id: fig:14
name_or_label: Weak followers
description: At the last day they address arrogant leaders and ask whether the leaders
can avert part of the divine vengeance.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
- id: fig:15
name_or_label: Arrogant leaders
description: Those followed on earth by the weak; they answer that there is no escape
from torment.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
- ev:18
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine sender, creator, and judge
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God sends guidance, owns heaven and earth, creates, destroys wicked doers,
and receives all at the last day.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:12
- ev:16
- ev:17
- id: role:2
label: messenger or apostolic agent
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:5
- fig:10
basis: The addressed recipient is given the book to guide people; Moses and earlier
apostles are sent with signs or miracles.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- ev:8
- ev:10
- id: role:4
label: oppressed victim group
assigned_to:
- fig:6
- fig:8
basis: Moses's people are described as delivered from oppression, including the
killing of male children and sparing of females.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:5
label: guided or faithful community
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:6
- fig:11
basis: People are to be led from darkness into light, Moses's people are similarly
led, and the faithful are told to trust in God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- ev:10
- id: role:6
label: unbeliever or wicked rejecter
assigned_to:
- fig:4
- fig:9
- fig:12
- fig:13
basis: These figures reject messages, are called wicked or rebellious, or are threatened
with punishment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:8
- ev:12
- ev:13
- ev:15
- id: role:7
label: oppressor
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The people of Pharaoh grievously oppressed Moses's people and killed male
children.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:8
label: giver of favor and punishment
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God promises increased favors for thankfulness and severe punishment for
ingratitude.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:9
label: arrogant leader
assigned_to:
- fig:15
basis: At the last day the weak identify them as those they followed on earth; they
cannot avert vengeance.
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
- ev:18
- id: role:10
label: weak follower
assigned_to:
- fig:14
basis: At the last day they say they followed the arrogant on earth and ask for
relief from divine vengeance.
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: darkness and light
literal_form: darkness into light
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:5
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- id: sym:2
label: book sent down
literal_form: book
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:3
label: signs and evident miracles
literal_form: signs; evident miracles
associated_figures:
- fig:5
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:8
- id: sym:4
label: language of the people
literal_form: language of his people
associated_figures:
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:5
label: filthy water
literal_form: filthy water given to drink
associated_figures:
- fig:13
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- ev:14
- id: sym:6
label: ashes scattered by wind
literal_form: ashes scattered by wind in a stormy day
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- id: sym:7
label: divine tribunal and last-day presence
literal_form: appearance at my tribunal; presence of God at the last day
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:14
- fig:15
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- ev:17
- id: sym:8
label: heavens and earth
literal_form: heavens and earth
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Book sent to lead from darkness to light
summary: God sends down the book to the addressed recipient so that people may be
led from darkness into light and into the Lord's way.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Moses recalls deliverance from Pharaoh's people
summary: Moses is sent with signs, commanded to guide his people, and reminds them
that God delivered them from Pharaoh's people, who oppressed them and killed male
children.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: scene:3
label: Predecessor nations reject apostles
summary: The histories of Noah's people, Ad, Thamud, and later peoples are invoked;
their apostles come with evident miracles, but the peoples reject the message
and doubt the invitation.
figure_refs:
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: scene:4
label: Apostles answer objections and trust in God
summary: The peoples object that the apostles are ordinary men and demand miracles;
the apostles answer that miracles occur only by God's permission and that the
faithful should trust God amid persecution.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
- fig:10
- fig:11
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- ev:10
- id: scene:5
label: Threat of expulsion and divine reversal
summary: Unbelievers threaten to expel the apostles unless they return to the unbelievers'
religion; God reveals that the wicked will be destroyed and that others will dwell
in the earth after them.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:10
- fig:12
symbol_refs:
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- ev:12
- id: scene:6
label: Torment with filthy water
summary: A rebellious perverse person is depicted before unseen hell, drinking filthy
water with difficulty, approached by death without dying, and facing grievous
torment.
figure_refs:
- fig:13
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- ev:14
- id: scene:7
label: Works like ashes in a storm
summary: The works of those who do not believe in their Lord are compared to ashes
scattered by violent wind on a stormy day, yielding no solid advantage.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- id: scene:8
label: Creation, destruction, and replacement
summary: God is said to have created the heavens and earth in wisdom and to be able
to destroy people and produce a new creature in their place.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
symbol_refs:
- sym:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- id: scene:9
label: Last-day exchange between followers and leaders
summary: All come before God at the last day; weak followers ask arrogant leaders
to avert some divine vengeance, but the leaders say there is no escape from torment.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:14
- fig:15
symbol_refs:
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
- ev:18
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Guidance from darkness into light
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: Both the sent book and Moses's mission are described as leading people from
darkness into light.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
confidence: high
cautions: The taxonomy reference to wisdom is broad; the passage itself uses the
imagery as religious guidance.
- id: motif:2
label: Prophetic mission in the people's own language
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: Each apostle is said to be sent with the language of his people so that duties
may be plainly declared.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a doctrinal communication pattern rather than a narrative episode.
- id: motif:3
label: Oppression and divine deliverance
taxonomy_refs:
- departure
basis: Moses recalls that God delivered his people from Pharaoh's people, who oppressed
them and slew male children.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage summarizes deliverance without narrating the departure in
detail.
- id: motif:4
label: Rejected messengers and demanded signs
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Predecessor peoples reject their apostles, doubt their message, and demand
an evident miraculous demonstration.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:10
confidence: high
cautions: No listed taxonomy family precisely captures this recurring prophetic-rejection
pattern.
- id: motif:5
label: Threatened expulsion followed by divine judgment and succession
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: Unbelievers threaten to expel the apostles; God announces destruction of
wicked doers and settlement of others in the earth after them.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- ev:12
confidence: high
cautions: The passage does not identify the specific land or community in this summarized
pattern.
- id: motif:6
label: Hellish punishment with foul drink and death without death
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The rebellious person faces hell, filthy water, difficulty swallowing, death
approaching from every quarter without dying, and grievous torment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- ev:14
confidence: high
cautions: The imagery is eschatological punishment; no additional underworld journey
details are supplied.
- id: motif:7
label: Futile works scattered like ashes
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: Unbelievers' works are compared to ashes scattered by violent wind, leaving
no solid advantage.
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
confidence: high
cautions: This is a simile within a judgment discourse rather than a full narrative
motif.
- id: motif:8
label: Divine destruction and replacement by a new creature
taxonomy_refs:
- death_rebirth
- divine_judgment
basis: God can destroy the addressed people and produce a new creature in their
place.
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage states divine capacity rather than narrating an actual death-and-rebirth
event.
- id: motif:9
label: Last-day accountability of leaders and followers
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: At the last day weak followers confront arrogant leaders, but the leaders
cannot avert divine vengeance or escape torment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
- ev:18
confidence: high
cautions: The scene is a judgment dialogue, not a detailed trial narrative.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage presents the current book's function and Moses's mission as parallel
acts of leading people from darkness into light.
claim_level: same_function
target: Book sent down to the addressed recipient and Moses sent with signs
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: This is an internal functional parallel within the passage, not evidence
for historical contact beyond the text.
- id: claim:2
claim: The passage groups the people of Noah, Ad, Thamud, and later peoples under
a recurring pattern in which apostles bring signs and communities reject or doubt
them.
claim_level: same_motif
target: Predecessor-nation rejection of apostles
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:10
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The individual stories are only summarized; the passage does not provide
separate narrative details for each named people.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: quote
locator: lines 21184-21281; Chapter XIV opening
quote_or_summary: "“This book have we sent down unto thee, that thou mayest lead
men forth from darkness into light” by the Lord's permission."
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; short excerpt used.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 21184-21281; Chapter XIV opening
quote_or_summary: God is described as possessor of what is in heaven and on earth;
infidels are warned of grievous punishment and described as turning people aside
from God's way.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: quote
locator: lines 21184-21281; Chapter XIV opening
quote_or_summary: "“We have sent no apostle but with the language of his people,”
so he may declare their duty plainly."
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; short excerpt used.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 21184-21281; Moses reference
quote_or_summary: Moses is sent with signs and commanded to lead his people from
darkness into light and remind them of God's favors.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 21184-21281; Moses's speech
quote_or_summary: Moses tells his people to remember God's favor when he delivered
them from Pharaoh's people, who oppressed them, killed male children, and let
females live.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 21184-21281; divine declaration through Moses
quote_or_summary: God declares that thankfulness will increase favor, while ingratitude
will bring severe punishment.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 21184-21281; predecessor nations
quote_or_summary: The passage invokes the histories of the people of Noah, Ad, Thamud,
and later peoples known only to God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 21184-21281; predecessor nations
quote_or_summary: Their apostles come with evident miracles, but the peoples reject
the message and express doubt about the religion to which they are invited.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: lines 21184-21281; peoples' objection
quote_or_summary: The peoples say the apostles are only men like themselves, accuse
them of turning them from ancestral gods, and demand an evident demonstration.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: lines 21184-21281; apostles' reply
quote_or_summary: The apostles answer that they are men like their audiences, miracles
occur only by God's permission, and believers should trust in God and endure persecution
patiently.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: quote
locator: lines 21184-21281; threat against apostles
quote_or_summary: "“We will surely expel you out of our land; or ye shall return
unto our religion.”"
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; short excerpt used.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: lines 21184-21281; divine response
quote_or_summary: God reveals that he will destroy the wicked doers and cause others
to dwell in the earth after them, granted to those who dread his tribunal and
fear his threatening.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:13
type: quote
locator: lines 21184-21281; hell description
quote_or_summary: "“Hell lieth unseen before him, and he shall have filthy water
given him to drink.”"
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; short excerpt used.
- id: ev:14
type: summary
locator: lines 21184-21281; hell description
quote_or_summary: The punished person drinks with difficulty, death comes from every
quarter but he does not die, and grievous torment stands before him.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:15
type: quote
locator: lines 21184-21281; simile of works
quote_or_summary: Their works are “as ashes, which the wind violently scattereth
in a stormy day.”
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; short excerpt used.
- id: ev:16
type: summary
locator: lines 21184-21281; creation and replacement
quote_or_summary: God created the heavens and earth in wisdom and, if he pleases,
can destroy people and produce a new creature in their stead.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:17
type: summary
locator: lines 21184-21281; last-day dialogue
quote_or_summary: All come forth into God's presence at the last day; the weak ask
the arrogant, whom they followed on earth, whether they can avert some divine
vengeance.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:18
type: summary
locator: lines 21184-21281; last-day dialogue
quote_or_summary: The arrogant answer that if God had directed them they would have
directed the followers, but there is no way to escape the torments.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage is clear in its literal content. Motif labels are cautious because
several items are doctrinal summaries or similes rather than extended narrative
episodes.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Used only the supplied passage, metadata, and available taxonomy references. Comparison claims are limited to parallels explicitly established within the passage.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l21184-l21281
passage_sha256=b14e866ead5e9a856ac5ce058f9e1565c2b1c5d856a3315c7d79add49c47b762