Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l20907-l20995

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l20907-l20995

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l20907-l20995
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER XII. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER XIII. / IN
    THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 20907-20995
  start: '20907'
  end: '20995'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage opens Chapter XIII, presenting the revealed book as truth,
    describing God’s ordering of the heavens, earth, celestial bodies, mountains,
    rivers, fruits, lands, and rain-fed vegetation. It rebukes denial of resurrection
    and warns of collars and hell fire. It states that God knows hidden and revealed
    things, assigns angels to watch people, sends lightning, clouds, thunder, and
    thunderbolts, rejects idols as powerless, and concludes with universal worship
    of God and a monotheistic argument using contrasts such as blind and seeing, darkness
    and light.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The passage says the sent-down revelation is truth, though many people do
    not believe.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: God is described as raising the heavens without visible pillars, ascending
    his throne, and compelling the sun and moon to run appointed courses.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: God is described as stretching out the earth, placing mountains and rivers
    in it, ordaining fruits in two kinds, and causing night to cover day.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: Different neighboring tracts of land, vineyards, seeds, and palm-trees are
    watered with the same water, yet some produce better food than others.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: The infidels are represented as questioning whether they can be restored as
    a new creature after being reduced to dust.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: Those who do not believe in their Lord are said to have collars on their necks
    and to be inhabitants of hell fire forever.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: The people ask the addressed preacher to hasten evil rather than good, although
    earlier examples of divine vengeance are mentioned.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: The passage says the addressed figure is commissioned as a preacher only,
    while every people has had a director appointed.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:9
  text: God is said to know what every female bears, the timing or number related
    to wombs, and both hidden and revealed things.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:10
  text: The passage states that one who conceals words, one who proclaims them, one
    hidden in night, and one going openly by day are equal with respect to God’s knowledge.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:11
  text: Each person is said to have angels before and behind him, mutually succeeding
    each other and watching by God’s command.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:12
  text: God is described as showing lightning that causes fear and hope, forming pregnant
    clouds, and sending thunderbolts that strike whom he pleases.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:13
  text: Thunder is said to celebrate God’s praise, and angels also praise him for
    fear of him.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:14
  text: Idols invoked besides God are said not to hear, and their invocation is compared
    to stretching hands toward water that cannot ascend to the mouth.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:15
  text: Whatever is in heaven and on earth, and their shadows, are said to worship
    God.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:16
  text: The passage contrasts blind and seeing, darkness and light, and powerless
    protectors with God, who is called creator of all things, one, and victorious.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God / the Lord
  description: The divine figure who reveals, creates, orders, knows, watches, punishes,
    sends storm phenomena, and is worshipped by heaven and earth.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: addressed preacher
  description: The addressed recipient of the revelation, described as commissioned
    to be a preacher only, not a worker of miracles.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:7
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: infidels / unbelievers
  description: People who do not believe, deny resurrection, demand signs, ask to
    hasten evil, dispute concerning God, and invoke others besides God.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: angels
  description: Beings who watch people by God’s command and celebrate God’s praise
    for fear of him.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: idols / protectors besides God
  description: Invoked beings or protectors besides God, described as unable to hear,
    help, or defend themselves from hurt.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:13
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: whatever is in heaven and on earth
  description: A collective figure described as worshipping God, voluntarily or by
    force, along with their shadows.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: creator and cosmic governor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God raises the heavens, orders the sun and moon, stretches the earth, places
    mountains and rivers, and is called creator of all things.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:13
- id: role:2
  label: judge and punisher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage mentions meeting the Lord at the last day, hell fire for unbelievers,
    divine vengeance, severe punishment, and thunderbolts striking whom God pleases.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:10
- id: role:3
  label: omniscient revealer and commander
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God sends down truth, knows wombs and hidden and revealed things, and commands
    angels who watch people.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:4
  label: commissioned preacher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The passage says the addressed figure is commissioned to be a preacher only
    and not a worker of miracles.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:5
  label: unbelieving disputants
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The passage depicts them denying resurrection, demanding signs, asking to
    hasten evil, disputing concerning God, and making erroneous supplication.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: role:6
  label: watchers and fearful praisers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Angels watch people by God’s command and praise God for fear of him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: role:7
  label: powerless invoked beings
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Idols and protectors besides God are described as unable to hear, help, or
    defend themselves.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:13
- id: role:8
  label: universal worshippers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Whatever is in heaven and earth, together with their shadows, is said to
    worship God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: heavens without visible pillars
  literal_form: raised heavens without visible pillars
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: sun and moon on appointed courses
  literal_form: sun, moon, and heavenly bodies running an appointed course
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: mountains and rivers
  literal_form: steadfast mountains and rivers placed in the earth
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:4
  label: paired fruits
  literal_form: every fruit ordained in two different kinds
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - duality
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:5
  label: same water, different produce
  literal_form: neighboring tracts, vineyards, seeds, and palm-trees watered with
    the same water but differing in excellence
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:6
  label: collar on the neck
  literal_form: collars on the necks of unbelievers; the note describes a light pillory-like
    engine fastening neck and hand
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: sym:7
  label: hell fire
  literal_form: hell fire in which unbelievers abide forever
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:8
  label: lightning, pregnant clouds, thunder, and thunderbolts
  literal_form: lightning, pregnant clouds, thunder praising God, and thunderbolts
    sent by God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: sym:9
  label: unreachable water in supplication simile
  literal_form: a person stretching hands to water so it may ascend to his mouth,
    though it cannot
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: sym:10
  label: worshipping shadows
  literal_form: shadows worshipping God morning and evening
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: sym:11
  label: blind and seeing; darkness and light
  literal_form: contrasts between the blind and the seeing, and between darkness and
    light
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - duality
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Revelation and cosmic ordering
  summary: The passage presents the sent-down book as truth and describes God raising
    the heavens, ascending his throne, and ordering the sun, moon, and heavenly bodies.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Earthly signs in land, water, and vegetation
  summary: God stretches out the earth, places mountains and rivers, creates fruits
    in pairs, covers day with night, and differentiates neighboring lands and produce
    watered by the same water.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Denial of resurrection and punishment
  summary: The infidels question restoration after becoming dust, and the passage
    says unbelievers will have collars on their necks and abide in hell fire.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:4
  label: Demand for signs and commission to preach
  summary: The people ask to hasten evil and demand a sign from the Lord; the addressed
    figure is told he is only a preacher, while every people has a director.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:5
  label: Divine knowledge and angelic watchers
  summary: God is said to know wombs, hidden and revealed things, secret and public
    actions, and each person is accompanied by angels before and behind who watch
    by God’s command.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: scene:6
  label: Storm signs and thunder praise
  summary: God shows lightning, forms pregnant clouds, and sends thunderbolts, while
    thunder and angels celebrate his praise.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: scene:7
  label: Powerless idols and unreachable water
  summary: The passage says idols invoked besides God do not hear and compares unbelieving
    supplication to hands stretched toward water that cannot rise to the mouth.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: scene:8
  label: Universal worship and monotheistic contrast
  summary: Everything in heaven and earth and their shadows worship God; rhetorical
    contrasts oppose blind and seeing, darkness and light, and powerless protectors
    to God as creator of all things.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:10
  - sym:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Divine judgment and punishment of unbelievers
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage mentions meeting the Lord at the last day, unbelievers wearing
    collars, abiding in hell fire, examples of divine vengeance, severe punishment,
    and thunderbolts striking whom God pleases.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: The extraction is limited to this passage and does not infer details beyond
    the stated judgment and punishment language.
- id: motif:2
  label: Resurrection denied and affirmed as divine concern
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: The passage explicitly reports unbelievers asking whether they will be restored
    as a new creature after being reduced to dust.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage foregrounds denial of resurrection rather than narrating a
    resurrection event.
- id: motif:3
  label: Creation signs as instruction for understanding
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: Cosmic and earthly phenomena are repeatedly presented as signs for people
    who consider, understand, or should be assured of meeting the Lord.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy reference is broad; the passage’s wording is specifically
    about signs, understanding, and assurance rather than a named wisdom figure.
- id: motif:4
  label: Paired and contrasting categories
  taxonomy_refs:
  - duality
  basis: The passage includes fruits in two kinds, night covering day, hidden and
    revealed knowledge, secret and public speech, night hiding and open day movement,
    and contrasts blind with seeing and darkness with light.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:8
  - ev:13
  confidence: high
  cautions: These are literal contrasts in the passage; no broader metaphysical dualism
    is inferred.
- id: motif:5
  label: Universal worship of the creator
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Everything in heaven and earth, together with shadows, is said to worship
    God, and God is declared the creator of all things.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy family directly names universal worship; therefore
    no motif-family reference is assigned.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: 20913-20918
  quote_or_summary: The revelation is called truth; God raises the heavens without
    visible pillars, ascends his throne, and orders the sun, moon, and heavenly bodies
    on appointed courses so people may know they will meet their Lord.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 20919-20922
  quote_or_summary: God stretches out the earth, places steadfast mountains and rivers
    in it, ordains fruits in two kinds, and causes night to cover day as signs for
    those who consider.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 20923-20925
  quote_or_summary: Different neighboring lands, vineyards, seeds, and palm-trees
    are watered with the same water, yet some are made more excellent to eat than
    others.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 20926-20931
  quote_or_summary: The infidels question restoration after being reduced to dust;
    those who do not believe in their Lord are said to have collars on their necks
    and to abide in hell fire forever.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 20939-20945
  quote_or_summary: The translator’s note explains the collar as a pillory-like device
    fastening neck and hand, and notes literal and figurative interpretations in later
    commentary.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: 20949-20951
  quote_or_summary: The people ask the addressed figure to hasten evil rather than
    good; examples of divine vengeance are mentioned, along with God’s indulgence
    and severity in punishing.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 20952-20954
  quote_or_summary: The infidels demand a sign from the Lord; the addressed figure
    is told he is only a preacher, and every people has had a director appointed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: 20955-20961
  quote_or_summary: God knows what every female bears, the measures of wombs, hidden
    and revealed things, and equally knows concealed speech, public proclamation,
    night hiding, and day movement.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: 20962-20966
  quote_or_summary: Each person has angels before and behind, mutually succeeding
    and watching by God’s command; God’s change of grace and decreed evil are also
    mentioned.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: 20967-20971
  quote_or_summary: God causes lightning that brings fear and hope, forms pregnant
    clouds, and sends thunderbolts; thunder and angels celebrate his praise while
    people dispute concerning God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: 20972-20974
  quote_or_summary: Idols invoked besides God are said not to hear; unbelieving supplication
    is likened to a person stretching hands toward water that cannot ascend to his
    mouth.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: 20975-20976
  quote_or_summary: Whatever is in heaven and on earth worships God, voluntarily or
    by force, and their shadows do so morning and evening.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: 20977-20995
  quote_or_summary: The passage asks who is Lord of heaven and earth, rejects protectors
    besides God as unable to help or defend themselves, contrasts blind with seeing
    and darkness with light, and declares God creator of all things, one and victorious.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Literal elements are explicit in the passage. Motif assignments use only
    the supplied taxonomy and are broad where the taxonomy does not exactly match
    the passage’s sign-language. No external comparison claims were made.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the supplied passage text and metadata. Comparison claims were left empty because the passage itself does not support a specific cross-textual or historical comparison beyond internal contrasts and supplied motif-family tagging.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l20907-l20995
  passage_sha256=6c3f64d7746674dd55d71df0cc6693cba6b7132074199bbe41e92a534d1fd301