Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l19819-l19916

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l19819-l19916

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l19819-l19916
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER X. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER XI. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 19819-19916
  start: '19819'
  end: '19916'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage recounts the destruction of Thamud after Saleh's warning; angelic
    messengers visiting Abraham with news of Isaac and Jacob and of Lot's people;
    Lot's protection and the overthrow of the cities; and Shoaib's admonition to Madian
    to worship God and practice just measure and weight.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Saleh tells his people to enjoy their dwellings for three days before destruction;
    God delivers Saleh and the believers, while a heavenly noise leaves the unjust
    people dead in their houses.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Messengers visit Abraham, greet him with peace, and Abraham brings a roasted
    calf; when they do not touch the meat, Abraham fears them.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The messengers tell Abraham they are sent to the people of Lot.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: Sarah is present, laughs, and receives the promise of Isaac and, after Isaac,
    Jacob; she questions this because she and Abraham are old.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: The angels answer that the command of God should not be wondered at and pronounce
    mercy and blessing upon the family of the house.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: Abraham disputes or intercedes concerning the people of Lot after receiving
    the good tidings.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: The angels tell Abraham to abstain because the command of the Lord has come
    and an inevitable punishment is ready for Lot's people.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: When the messengers come to Lot, he is troubled for them; his people rush
    toward him, and he asks them not to shame him by wronging his guests.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: Lot's people reject his appeal and say he knows what they want.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: The angels identify themselves to Lot as messengers of his Lord, assure him
    his people will not reach him, and instruct him to leave by night with his family
    without turning back.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:11
  text: Lot's wife is excepted from the rescue instruction and is said to undergo
    what happens to the condemned people.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:12
  text: The cities are turned upside down and rained upon with marked stones of baked
    clay.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:13
  text: Shoaib is sent to Madian and tells the people to worship God, not diminish
    measure and weight, and fear a day of punishment.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:14
  text: Shoaib instructs Madian to give full measure and just weight, avoid corrupt
    injustice in the earth, and prefer what remains as God's gift after justice is
    done.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Saleh
  description: Prophetic speaker who warns of destruction and is delivered with believers.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Thamud
  description: The people who disbelieve and are found dead in their houses after
    a heavenly noise.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: God / LORD
  description: Divine authority whose decree, command, mercy, and punishment are repeatedly
    invoked.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Believers with Saleh
  description: Those who believe with Saleh and are delivered through divine mercy.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Messengers / angels
  description: Visitors to Abraham and Lot who give good tidings, refuse food, announce
    their mission, and instruct Lot to depart.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Abraham
  description: Host of the messengers; he fears them when they do not eat, receives
    news of Isaac, and intercedes concerning Lot's people.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Sarah
  description: Abraham's wife, present at the visit, laughs, and is promised Isaac
    despite old age.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Isaac
  description: Promised son of Sarah and Abraham.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Jacob
  description: Promised after Isaac.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Lot
  description: Host of the messengers, troubled for them, challenged by his people,
    and instructed to depart with his family.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:3
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: People of Lot
  description: Group toward whom the messengers are sent and upon whom punishment
    is announced.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Lot's family
  description: Family instructed to go forth by night with Lot.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: Lot's wife
  description: Member of Lot's household excepted from the rescue and destined to
    share the people's fate.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:14
  name_or_label: Shoaib
  description: Brother of the people of Madian, sent to admonish them to worship God
    and use just measures and weights.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: fig:15
  name_or_label: Madian
  description: People addressed by Shoaib regarding worship, measure, weight, and
    corruption.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: prophetic warner
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  - fig:10
  - fig:14
  basis: These figures address their people or others with warning, appeal, or divine
    instruction.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: role:2
  label: divine judge and deliverer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The passage attributes decree, command, mercy, deliverance, and punishment
    to God or the LORD.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: role:3
  label: delivered or protected party
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:10
  - fig:12
  basis: Saleh and believers are delivered; Lot and most of his family are instructed
    to depart before punishment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:7
- id: role:4
  label: condemned community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:11
  basis: Thamud are destroyed after warning, and Lot's people are subject to an inevitable
    punishment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: role:5
  label: angelic messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The messengers give divine news and identify themselves to Lot as messengers
    of his Lord; the notes identify them as angels.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: role:6
  label: host under threat or anxiety
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  - fig:10
  basis: Abraham brings food and fears the visitors when they do not eat; Lot is troubled
    for the visitors and fears harm from his people.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
- id: role:7
  label: intercessor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Abraham disputes or intercedes concerning the people of Lot after receiving
    the good tidings.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:8
  label: aged recipient of birth promise
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Sarah questions bearing a son because she and Abraham are old, after being
    promised Isaac.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:9
  label: promised descendant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  basis: Isaac is promised to Sarah, and Jacob is promised after Isaac.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:10
  label: excluded household member
  assigned_to:
  - fig:13
  basis: Lot's wife is specifically excepted from the departing family and assigned
    the same fate as the condemned people.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:11
  label: admonished community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:15
  basis: Madian is addressed by Shoaib to worship God and cease fraud in measure and
    weight.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: three-day reprieve
  literal_form: three days in dwellings before destruction
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: heavenly noise
  literal_form: terrible noise from heaven that assails the unjust
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: roasted calf
  literal_form: roasted calf brought by Abraham to his visitors
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:4
  label: untouched food
  literal_form: the messengers' hands do not touch the meat
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:5
  label: promised child and descendant
  literal_form: promise of Isaac and after Isaac, Jacob
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:6
  label: night departure
  literal_form: going forth with family in part of the night without turning back
  associated_figures:
  - fig:10
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:7
  label: morning deadline
  literal_form: punishment predicted for the morning
  associated_figures:
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:8
  label: overturned cities
  literal_form: cities turned upside down
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:9
  label: marked baked-clay stones
  literal_form: stones of baked clay, one following another, marked from the Lord
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:10
  label: measure and weight
  literal_form: measure and weight to be made full and not diminished
  associated_figures:
  - fig:14
  - fig:15
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Saleh's three-day warning and Thamud's destruction
  summary: Saleh announces a three-day period before destruction; God delivers Saleh
    and the believers, while Thamud are struck by a heavenly noise and found dead
    in their homes.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Abraham hosts the messengers
  summary: Messengers greet Abraham; he brings a roasted calf, but they do not eat,
    causing him fear; they say they are sent to Lot's people.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Birth promise to Sarah
  summary: Sarah laughs and questions the possibility of bearing a son in old age;
    the angels answer by invoking God's command and blessing Abraham's household.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Abraham intercedes concerning Lot's people
  summary: After the birth promise, Abraham disputes or intercedes concerning Lot's
    people, but the angels say the divine command and inevitable punishment have arrived.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:5
  label: Lot's troubled reception of the messengers
  summary: Lot is troubled for the messengers as his people rush toward him; he appeals
    to them not to shame him by wronging his guests, but they reject the appeal.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:6
  label: Angelic instruction for Lot's departure
  summary: The angels reveal themselves to Lot, promise that his people will not reach
    him, and command him to leave by night with his family, while his wife is excepted
    and the punishment is set for morning.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:7
  label: Overthrow of the cities
  summary: The cities associated with Lot's people are turned upside down and struck
    with marked stones of baked clay.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: scene:8
  label: Shoaib admonishes Madian
  summary: Shoaib calls Madian to worship God, use full measure and just weight, avoid
    corruption, and prefer what remains after justice to wealth gained by fraud.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:14
  - fig:15
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: prophetic warning followed by divine judgment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Saleh's warning to Thamud is followed by destruction; Lot's people receive
    an announced punishment; Shoaib warns Madian of punishment if they persist in
    wrongdoing.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: 'The passage gives different outcomes: Thamud and Lot''s people are destroyed
    within the excerpt, while Madian is only warned here.'
- id: motif:2
  label: deliverance of believers before communal destruction
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  - departure
  basis: Saleh and believers are delivered before Thamud's destruction, and Lot is
    instructed to depart by night with his family before the cities are overturned.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: Lot's wife is explicitly excluded from the rescued household.
- id: motif:3
  label: angelic visitors announce birth and judgment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_birth
  - miraculous_child
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The same messengers who visit Abraham announce the birth of Isaac and are
    also sent concerning Lot's people and their punishment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage calls them messengers in the main text and angels in surrounding
    commentary/notes.
- id: motif:4
  label: miraculous birth promise to an aged woman
  taxonomy_refs:
  - miraculous_child
  - sacred_birth
  basis: Sarah is promised Isaac despite saying that she is old and Abraham is advanced
    in years.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage presents the promise, not the birth itself.
- id: motif:5
  label: hospitality encounter with non-eating heavenly visitors
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Abraham offers a roasted calf, but the visitors do not touch the meat, prompting
    fear before they disclose their mission.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The motif label treats the visitors as heavenly because later commentary
    identifies them as angels and the main text gives them divine missions.
- id: motif:6
  label: intercession for a condemned city or people
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Abraham disputes or intercedes concerning the people of Lot, but the angels
    say the divine command and punishment are inevitable.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The excerpt does not include the details of Abraham's intercessory argument,
    only its occurrence and rejection.
- id: motif:7
  label: commercial justice as religious obligation
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  - wisdom
  basis: Shoaib frames full measure, just weight, and avoidance of fraud as duties
    connected with worship of God and fear of punishment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy mapping is approximate; the passage is primarily an ethical
    admonition rather than a mythic exchange narrative.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The translator's notes explicitly connect the Abraham-visitors and intercession
    material with Genesis 18, including the promise of Isaac and the destruction of
    Sodom and Gomorrah.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Genesis 18; Sodom and Gomorrah narrative in the Hebrew Bible / biblical
    tradition
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The comparison is supported by the supplied notes and shared narrative
    elements, but the excerpt itself is an English translation with commentary and
    does not establish historical direction or dependence.
- id: claim:2
  claim: 'The Lot episode shares the same broad destruction-of-Sodom/Gomorrah pattern
    named in the notes: angelic visitors, threatened guests, escape of Lot''s household,
    exception of the wife, and destruction of the cities.'
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Sodom and Gomorrah / Lot rescue and city-destruction motif
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The main passage names Lot's people and cities, while the identification
    with Sodom and Gomorrah comes from the supplied editorial notes.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 19819-19828
  quote_or_summary: Saleh announces three days before destruction; God delivers Saleh
    and believers; a terrible noise from heaven leaves the unjust Thamud dead in their
    houses.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 19829-19836
  quote_or_summary: Messengers come to Abraham with peace and good tidings; he brings
    a roasted calf; they do not touch the meat, causing fear, and say they are sent
    to Lot's people.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 19837-19845
  quote_or_summary: Sarah laughs and is promised Isaac and then Jacob; she questions
    bearing a son in old age; the angels invoke God's command and bless the family
    of the house.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 19846-19853
  quote_or_summary: Abraham disputes concerning Lot's people; the angels tell him
    to abstain because the Lord's command has come and punishment is inevitable.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: notes t-c within lines 19854-19885
  quote_or_summary: Translator's notes identify the messengers as angels sent to promise
    Isaac and destroy Sodom and Gomorrah, refer to Genesis 18, and describe Abraham's
    intercession.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 19886-19894
  quote_or_summary: Messengers come to Lot; he is troubled for them; his people rush
    upon him; Lot appeals to them not to shame him by wronging his guests, and they
    reject his appeal.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 19895-19904
  quote_or_summary: The angels tell Lot they are messengers of his Lord, that the
    people will not reach him, and that he should depart by night with his family;
    his wife is excepted, and the punishment is set for morning.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 19905-19909
  quote_or_summary: When the divine command comes, the cities are turned upside down
    and rained upon with marked stones of baked clay.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 19910-19914
  quote_or_summary: Shoaib is sent to Madian and tells them to worship God, not diminish
    measure and weight, and fear punishment.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 19915-19916
  quote_or_summary: Shoaib commands full measure and just weight, warns against corrupt
    injustice, and says what remains as God's gift after justice is better than fraud-gotten
    wealth.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Literal extraction is based directly on the supplied passage. Motif assignments
    use only the provided taxonomy list and are therefore partly approximate, especially
    for hospitality and commercial justice themes. Comparison claims rely on the supplied
    translator's notes and shared narrative elements, not on claims of historical
    dependence.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  All observations and motifs are derived from the supplied excerpt and metadata; no external sources were used.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l19819-l19916
  passage_sha256=42a6c600215ab233c002d3d0c97292d958f7623a5dbce7b4aa9e3a2943278325