batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l18438-l18524
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l18438-l18524
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER VIII. / IN THE NAME OF THE
MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER IX.; lines 18438-18524
start: '18438'
end: '18524'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage contrasts the apostle and believers who expend wealth and lives
in God's service with groups who seek excuses to stay behind from an expedition.
It exempts the weak, sick, and those lacking means, especially those who grieve
because they cannot contribute. It condemns rich stay-behinds, hypocritical excuses
and oaths, and certain desert Arabs who resent expenditure for God's service.
Rewards include gardens with flowing rivers; punishments include hell and evil
reversal.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: An explanatory note describes voluntary alms given in differing amounts, including
one giver whose small gift represented half a night's earnings.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The apostle and believers with him are said to expose their fortunes and lives
for God's service.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: Those believers are promised good things in both lives, happiness, and gardens
through which rivers flow forever.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: Certain Arabs of the desert come to excuse themselves and request permission
to stay behind.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: The weak, the sick, and those without means to contribute to the war are declared
blameless if they stay home while acting faithfully toward God and his apostle.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:6
text: Some who asked for travel supplies returned weeping because they lacked means
to contribute to the expedition.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:7
text: Rich persons who ask leave to sit at home are blamed, and God is said to have
sealed their hearts.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:8
text: When the community returns, the blamed group will offer excuses and swear
by God so that they may be left alone or accepted.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: God and the apostle are said to observe their actions, and they will be brought
before the one who knows hidden and manifest things.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:10
text: The dwelling of the condemned group is stated to be hell as reward for what
they deserved.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:11
text: Some Arabs of the desert reckon expenditure for God's service as tribute and
wait for a change of fortune to befall the believers.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:12
text: An explanatory note reports that Mohammed was asked to pray for the dying
Abda'llah Ebn Obba, and another note says Mohammed sent his shirt or inner garment
to shroud the corpse before being forbidden to pray over it.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: Divine authority who prepares gardens, seals hearts, knows hidden and
manifest things, observes actions, and assigns punishment or reward.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: the apostle
description: The messenger associated with the believers, God's service, receiving
requests, and observing conduct.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:6
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: believers with the apostle
description: Those who expose fortunes and lives for God's service and are promised
good things and gardens.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: certain Arabs of the desert
description: Persons who come to excuse themselves, some of whom are described as
obstinate in unbelief and hypocrisy or resentful of expenditure.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:7
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: weak, sick, and those lacking means
description: People excused from blame if they remain home while faithful; some
return weeping because they lack resources for the expedition.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: rich stay-behinds
description: Those with means who ask leave to sit at home, offer excuses and oaths,
and are condemned.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Abda'lrahman Ebn Awf, Asem Ebn Adda, and Abu Okail
description: Named givers in an explanatory note who contribute wealth or dates
as voluntary alms.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Abda'llah Ebn Obba
description: A named hypocrite in explanatory notes whose son asked Mohammed to
seek God's pardon for him and whose corpse was to be shrouded in Mohammed's garment.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine judge
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God rewards faithful service with gardens and assigns hell or evil reversal
to condemned groups.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: role:2
label: knower of hidden and manifest
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The passage says the judged will be brought before the one who knows what
is hidden and manifest.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:3
label: apostle and community leader
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The apostle is followed by believers, receives requests for provisions, and
will observe actions with God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:6
- id: role:4
label: faithful contributors
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: They expose fortunes and lives for God's service and receive promised reward.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:5
label: excuse-seeking outsiders or hypocrites
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Certain desert Arabs come seeking exemption and are described as prone to
unbelief, hypocrisy, and resentment of expenditure.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:7
- id: role:6
label: blameless nonparticipants
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Weak, sick, and materially unable persons are explicitly exempted from blame
if faithful.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:7
label: culpable nonparticipants
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Rich persons who ask leave to stay home are blamed, their hearts are sealed,
and they face hell.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: role:8
label: almsgivers
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The note describes named persons giving money, dates, or a small but personally
costly contribution.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:9
label: hypocrite at death
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: The note identifies him as a hypocrite in his last illness whose forgiveness
and funeral prayer were at issue.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: gardens with flowing rivers
literal_form: gardens through which rivers flow
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:2
label: hell dwelling
literal_form: their dwelling shall be hell
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:3
label: sealed hearts
literal_form: God hath sealed up their hearts
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:4
label: tears of inability to contribute
literal_form: their eyes shedding tears for grief
associated_figures:
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:5
label: oath by God
literal_form: They will swear unto you by God
associated_figures:
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:6
label: shrouding garment
literal_form: the prophet sent his shirt, or inner vestment, to shroud the corpse
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Voluntary alms and criticism
summary: An explanatory note recounts several named contributions to an alms collection
and says hypocrites criticized both large and small gifts.
figure_refs:
- fig:7
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Faithful service and promised reward
summary: The apostle and believers expend fortunes and lives in God's service and
are promised good things, happiness, and eternal gardens with rivers.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Requests to stay behind
summary: Certain desert Arabs request permission to stay behind, while unbelieving
stay-behinds are threatened with painful punishment.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:4
label: Exemption of those without capacity
summary: The weak, sick, and materially unable are declared free of blame if faithful;
some return weeping because they cannot be supplied or contribute.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:5
label: Condemnation of rich stay-behinds
summary: Rich persons asking leave to remain are blamed; their hearts are sealed,
and they do not understand.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:6
label: Return, excuses, oaths, and judgment
summary: After return, the blamed group will make excuses and swear by God, but
the community is told not to believe them; God knows their deeds and hell is named
as their dwelling.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: scene:7
label: Resented expenditure and evil reversal
summary: Some desert Arabs regard spending for God's service as tribute and wait
for misfortune to strike the believers, but an evil change is pronounced upon
them.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:8
label: Funeral prayer and shrouding note
summary: An explanatory note recounts a dying hypocrite's request for forgiveness
and shrouding in Mohammed's garment, followed by prohibition of prayer over him.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: divine judgment of hidden and manifest deeds
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage says God observes actions, knows hidden and manifest things,
declares deeds, rewards the faithful with gardens, and assigns hell or evil reversal
to condemned persons.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:6
- ev:7
confidence: high
cautions: The passage is doctrinal and legal-exhortative rather than a narrative
myth; the motif is extracted at the thematic pattern level.
- id: motif:2
label: sacred exchange through expenditure for God's service
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: The passage contrasts giving fortunes, lives, alms, and expedition contributions
for God's service with those who resent such expenditure or treat it as tribute.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:7
confidence: medium
cautions: The exchange is moral and devotional, not a formal barter ritual; rewards
are stated by the passage but not framed as a negotiated exchange.
- id: motif:3
label: exemption of the incapable and blame of the able who refuse
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The weak, sick, and resource-poor are excused, while rich persons asking
to stay behind are blamed and condemned.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
confidence: high
cautions: No supplied taxonomy family directly matches this legal-ethical pattern.
- id: motif:4
label: afterlife garden reward with flowing water
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: Faithful service is followed by the promise of eternal gardens through which
rivers flow.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
confidence: medium
cautions: The available taxonomy includes water as a symbol but not a specific paradise-garden
motif family; this is grouped under divine judgment because it functions as reward.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 18438-18455
quote_or_summary: 'Note: named followers give voluntary alms in different amounts;
hypocrites accuse large givers of ostentation and dismiss Abu Okail''s small contribution
despite its personal cost.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: quote
locator: 18487-18491
quote_or_summary: "“the apostle, and those who have believed with him, expose their
fortunes and their lives for God's service”; God has prepared “gardens through
which rivers flow.”"
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 18492-18495
quote_or_summary: Certain desert Arabs come with excuses asking to stay behind;
those who renounced God and the apostle sit at home, and painful punishment is
announced for unbelievers among them.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: quote
locator: 18496-18504
quote_or_summary: The weak, sick, and those without means are not blamed if faithful;
some return with “their eyes shedding tears for grief” because they cannot contribute.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 18505-18508
quote_or_summary: Blame falls on rich persons who ask leave to sit at home; they
are pleased to remain with the stay-behinds, and God has sealed their hearts.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 18509-18519
quote_or_summary: Upon return, the blamed group will offer excuses and oaths by
God; God and the apostle will observe actions; they will be brought before the
knower of hidden and manifest things; their dwelling is hell.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 18520-18524
quote_or_summary: The desert Arabs are described as especially obstinate in unbelief
and hypocrisy; some treat expenditure for God's service as tribute and await a
change of fortune, but an evil change is pronounced upon them.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 18456-18479
quote_or_summary: 'Notes: Abda''llah Ebn Obba''s son asks Mohammed to seek God''s
pardon for him; a later note says the dying man requested shrouding in Mohammed''s
garment and funeral prayer, but prayer over him was forbidden.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: medium
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: Extraction includes both Quranic passage text and Sale's explanatory notes
because both are present in the supplied line range. No external comparisons are
made.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
All taxonomy references are limited to the supplied lists; no comparison claims were added because the passage itself does not make an explicit cross-traditional comparison.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l18438-l18524
passage_sha256=43fea488ecfae10d2693ebfab45c858d630931a539540feb69d2899aee0be7b3