batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l18037-l18105
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l18037-l18105
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER VIII. / IN THE NAME OF THE
MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER IX.; lines 18037-18105
start: '18037'
end: '18105'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage includes translator/commentary notes about an accusation involving
Jews and Ezra, including a report that Ezra was raised after being dead one hundred
years and restored scripture from memory or by revelation. The Qur'anic portion
states that God ordained twelve months, four sacred, condemns the transferring
of sacred months, exhorts believers to go forth when summoned, warns of punishment
if they do not, and recalls God's aid to the prophet and his companion in the
cave through divine security and unseen angelic armies.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Commentators are reported as explaining a charge against Jews by a story in
which Ezra was raised to life after being dead one hundred years and dictated
the law anew from memory.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The commentary says some Christian fathers attributed restoration of Old Testament
books to Ezra by divine revelation and connects this with a passage in 2 Esdras.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: The Qur'anic text states that the number of months with God is twelve and
that four of them are sacred.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: The passage condemns transferring the sacred status of one month to another,
saying unbelievers permit a month one year and declare it sacred another year.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:5
text: Believers are addressed and rebuked for inclining heavily toward the earth
when summoned to go forth to fight for the religion of God.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:6
text: The passage warns that if believers do not go forth when summoned to war,
God will punish them and replace them with another people.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:7
text: The passage recalls God assisting the prophet when unbelievers drove him out
of Mecca and he was the second of two in a cave with his companion.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:8
text: In the cave episode, the prophet tells his companion not to grieve because
God is with them.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:9
text: God sends down security upon the prophet and strengthens him with unseen armies
of angels.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:10
text: God abases the word of the unbelievers and exalts the word of God.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: The deity who ordains the months, commands sacred months, warns and
punishes, assists the prophet, sends security, strengthens with angels, and exalts
his word.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:6
- ev:8
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Ezra
description: A figure in the commentary said to have been raised to life after one
hundred years dead and to have restored scripture or the law.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Jews
description: People discussed in the commentary in relation to the charge concerning
Ezra and the restoration of scripture.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: True believers
description: The addressed group told not to prefer the present life and summoned
to go forth for the religion of God.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Unbelievers / idolaters
description: Opponents described as violating sacred months, attacking believers,
and driving the prophet out of Mecca.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: The prophet
description: The figure whom God assists, formerly driven out of Mecca, present
with a companion in the cave.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: The prophet's companion
description: The companion with the prophet in the cave, addressed with the words
not to grieve because God is with them.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Angels
description: Unseen armies by which God strengthens the prophet.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine ordainer
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God is said to have ordained the twelve months and four sacred months in
the book of God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:2
label: divine helper and judge
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God punishes noncompliance, assists the prophet, sends security, provides
angelic strengthening, and exalts his word.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:8
- id: role:3
label: scripture restorer
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Ezra is described in commentary as restoring the law or scriptures from memory
or by divine revelation after being raised to life.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: role:4
label: accused community in commentary
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The commentary discusses a grievous charge against Jews and explanations
of how some Jews allegedly spoke about Ezra.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:5
label: summoned believers
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: They are addressed as true believers and commanded to go forth when summoned.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: role:6
label: opponents
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: They are described as violating sacred months, attacking believers, and driving
the prophet out of Mecca.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:7
- id: role:7
label: divinely assisted prophet
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: God is said to assist the prophet in the cave episode and to strengthen him
with unseen angels.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: role:8
label: cave companion
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The companion is with the prophet in the cave and is told not to grieve.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:9
label: unseen divine army
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Angels are described as armies unseen by the audience, used by God to strengthen
the prophet.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: cave
literal_form: cave
associated_figures:
- fig:6
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs:
- cave
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:2
label: twelve months
literal_form: twelve months
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:3
label: four sacred months
literal_form: four sacred months
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: sym:4
label: unseen armies of angels
literal_form: armies of angels, whom ye saw not
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:6
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:5
label: security sent down
literal_form: security sent down by God
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Ezra restores scripture in commentary tradition
summary: The commentary reports a story that Ezra was raised to life after one hundred
years dead and then restored the law or scriptures from memory or by divine revelation.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Sacred calendar ordained and altered
summary: God ordains twelve months, four sacred, while unbelievers are accused of
transferring sacredness from one month to another to fit the required number while
violating what God forbade.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: scene:3
label: Believers summoned to go forth
summary: Believers are rebuked for attachment to the present life when summoned
to fight for God's religion and are warned of punishment and replacement if they
do not go forth.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: scene:4
label: Prophet and companion in the cave
summary: After unbelievers drive the prophet from Mecca, he is one of two in a cave
with his companion, tells him not to grieve because God is with them, and receives
divine security and unseen angelic strengthening.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:4
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: resurrection and restoration of scripture
taxonomy_refs:
- resurrection
- wisdom
basis: The commentary describes Ezra as raised to life after being dead one hundred
years and then restoring the law or scriptures by memory or divine revelation.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a commentary note within the passage, not the Qur'anic verse itself,
and the passage frames it as a reported explanation or tradition.
- id: motif:2
label: sacred calendar under divine ordinance
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The text presents twelve months and four sacred months as ordained by God
and condemns human manipulation of that sacred order.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
confidence: high
cautions: No supplied taxonomy family directly names sacred calendar regulation.
- id: motif:3
label: divine judgment for refusal of summons
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: Believers are warned that refusal to go forth when summoned will bring grievous
punishment and replacement by another people.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
confidence: high
cautions: The motif is embedded in exhortation and warning rather than a completed
punishment scene.
- id: motif:4
label: divine aid in refuge
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The prophet and companion are in a cave after expulsion; God is said to be
with them, sends security, and strengthens the prophet with unseen angels.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
confidence: high
cautions: No available motif-family taxonomy entry directly covers cave refuge or
angelic aid; only the cave symbol is available.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The commentary links the Ezra restoration story to a passage in 2 Esdras
and to traditions attributed to Christian fathers and Jewish/Rabbinic learning.
claim_level: same_motif
target: Ezra restoration of scripture in 2 Esdras and related Christian or Rabbinic
traditions
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The passage reports Sale's historical-literary explanation and explicitly
notes uncertainty about direct proof for Jewish origin; it should not be treated
as independent proof of transmission history.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 18037-18045, commentary note d
quote_or_summary: Commentators explain the charge by saying some Jews held that
Ezra, raised to life after one hundred years dead, dictated the law anew from
memory and was therefore called the son of God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 18046-18066, commentary note d
quote_or_summary: The note says several Christian fathers held that Ezra restored
Old Testament books by divine revelation, seemingly from 2 Esdras, and discusses
possible Jewish/Rabbinic origin while admitting no direct proof.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: quote
locator: lines 18078-18084
quote_or_summary: '"the complete number of months with GOD, is twelve months...
of these, four are sacred."'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 18085-18092
quote_or_summary: The passage calls the transferring of a sacred month to another
month an additional infidelity and says unbelievers alternately violate and declare
months sacred to match the required number.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 18093-18097
quote_or_summary: Believers are asked why they inclined heavily toward the earth
when told to go forth to fight for God's religion, and are asked whether they
prefer present life to the life to come.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 18098-18101
quote_or_summary: If believers do not go forth when summoned to war, God will punish
them with a grievous punishment and put another people in their place.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: quote
locator: lines 18102-18105
quote_or_summary: '"when they were both in the cave: when he said unto his companion,
Be not grieved, for GOD is with us."'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 18105-18105
quote_or_summary: God sends down security upon the prophet, strengthens him with
unseen armies of angels, abases the word of unbelievers, and exalts the word of
God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage contains both Qur'anic translation and translator/commentary
notes; motif extraction separates the commentary tradition about Ezra from the
Qur'anic exhortation and cave episode.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Used only supplied passage text and metadata. Taxonomy references limited to available motif families and symbols.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l18037-l18105
passage_sha256=31f13c34316ba5665a718b99eea193d3ac28000d9b894587af45acc4b3c4a3d1