Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l16406-l16502

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l16406-l16502

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l16406-l16502
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER VI. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER VII / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 16406-16502
  start: '16406'
  end: '16502'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Sale translation
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: 'The passage warns that earlier cities rejected apostles and were punished
    despite signs and covenant obligations. It then recounts Moses confronting Pharaoh
    with signs: his rod becomes a serpent and his hand appears white. Pharaoh''s chiefs
    call Moses a magician and summon magicians, who compete with him. By revelation
    Moses throws down his rod, which swallows the false serpent-forms, and the magicians
    prostrate themselves and profess belief in the Lord of Moses and Aaron.'
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The passage states that city inhabitants would have received blessings from
    heaven and earth if they had believed and feared God, but they rejected apostles
    and were punished for guilt.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The passage asks whether city inhabitants were secure from punishment arriving
    by night while asleep or by day while sporting.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The passage says God can afflict later inheritors of the earth for sins and
    can seal up their hearts so that they do not hearken.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: Moses is sent with signs to Pharaoh and his princes, and Moses identifies
    himself as an apostle from the Lord of all creatures.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: Moses asks Pharaoh to send the children of Israel away with him.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: When Pharaoh asks Moses to produce a sign, Moses casts down his rod and it
    becomes a visible serpent.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: Moses draws his hand from his bosom, and it appears white to the spectators.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: The chiefs of Pharaoh's people call Moses an expert magician and say that
    he seeks to dispossess them of their land.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: The chiefs advise delaying Moses and his brother while summoning expert magicians
    from the cities.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: The summoned magicians ask Pharaoh whether they will receive a reward if they
    overcome, and Pharaoh promises reward and nearness to his throne.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:11
  text: The magicians cast down their rods, enchant the eyes of the men present, terrify
    them, and perform a great enchantment.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:12
  text: By revelation, Moses is told to throw down his rod; it swallows the rods that
    had falsely appeared changed into serpents.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:13
  text: After the contest, truth is confirmed, Pharaoh and his magicians are overcome,
    and the magicians prostrate themselves and profess belief in the Lord of Moses
    and Aaron.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God / the Lord of all creatures
  description: The divine speaker and actor who sends apostles, gives signs, judges
    cities, reveals instruction to Moses, and is named by the magicians as the Lord
    of Moses and Aaron.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:9
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Inhabitants of the cities
  description: People of earlier cities who rejected apostles, failed in covenant
    observance, and were subject to punishment.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Apostles to the cities
  description: Messengers who came to the cities with evident miracles and were charged
    with falsehood.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Moses
  description: An apostle sent to Pharaoh with signs; he casts down the rod, displays
    the white hand, and is instructed by revelation during the contest.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:9
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Pharaoh
  description: Ruler addressed by Moses; he demands a sign, receives advice from chiefs,
    promises reward to magicians, and is overcome in the contest.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Pharaoh's princes and chiefs
  description: Royal associates who treat Moses's signs unjustly and call Moses an
    expert magician seeking to dispossess them.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Children of Israel
  description: The people whom Moses asks Pharaoh to send away with him.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Summoned magicians
  description: Expert magicians assembled for Pharaoh; they perform enchantment, are
    overcome, prostrate themselves, and profess belief.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Aaron
  description: Named with Moses in the magicians' confession; also alluded to as Moses's
    brother by the chiefs.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine judge and sender of signs
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God sends apostles, punishes rejecting cities, seals hearts, sends Moses
    with signs, and reveals the instruction to cast the rod.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:9
- id: role:2
  label: warned and punished communities
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The city inhabitants reject apostles and are described as subject to divine
    punishment and vengeance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:3
  label: apostolic messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  basis: The passage describes apostles sent to cities and Moses calling himself an
    apostle from the Lord of all creatures.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:4
  label: bearer of evident signs
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Moses produces the rod-serpent sign and the white-hand sign and receives
    revelation during the contest.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:9
- id: role:5
  label: opposing ruler
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Pharaoh demands a sign, receives counsel against Moses, rewards opposing
    magicians, and is overcome.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
- id: role:6
  label: royal advisers and accusers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The chiefs identify Moses as a magician, interpret his aim as dispossession,
    and advise summoning magicians.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:7
  label: people to be released
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Moses asks Pharaoh to send the children of Israel away with him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:8
  label: rival wonder-workers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The magicians perform enchantment with rods before Moses throws his rod by
    revelation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:9
  label: converts after defeat
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: After being overcome, the magicians prostrate themselves and confess belief
    in the Lord of Moses and Aaron.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:10
  label: brother and named prophetic associate
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The chiefs mention Moses's brother, and the magicians name Aaron together
    with Moses in their confession.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:9
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: rod becoming serpent
  literal_form: Moses casts down his rod and it becomes a visible serpent.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:2
  label: white hand sign
  literal_form: Moses draws his hand from his bosom and it appears white to spectators.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:3
  label: false serpent-forms swallowed
  literal_form: Moses's rod swallows the rods that the magicians caused falsely to
    appear changed into serpents.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:4
  label: sealed hearts
  literal_form: God seals up the hearts of unbelievers so that they do not hearken.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:5
  label: prostration
  literal_form: The magicians prostrate themselves in worship after the contest.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:6
  label: covenant not observed
  literal_form: The greater part of the former peoples are said not to have observed
    their covenant.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Warning from earlier cities
  summary: The passage describes earlier city inhabitants who rejected apostles, failed
    to heed evident miracles and covenant obligations, and were subject to divine
    punishment.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Moses before Pharaoh
  summary: 'Moses tells Pharaoh he is an apostle from the Lord, asks for the children
    of Israel to be released, and produces signs: the rod becoming a serpent and the
    white hand.'
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:3
  label: Pharaoh's advisers summon magicians
  summary: Pharaoh's chiefs call Moses a magician, warn that he seeks to dispossess
    them, and advise delaying him while expert magicians are assembled.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:4
  label: Contest of rods and confession of the magicians
  summary: The magicians perform enchantment with rods, Moses throws his rod by revelation,
    the false serpent-forms are swallowed, Pharaoh's side is overcome, and the magicians
    prostrate themselves and profess belief.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: divine judgment on rejecting communities
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Earlier cities reject apostles and are punished; the passage warns that divine
    punishment may arrive unexpectedly by night or day.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage frames this explicitly as divine punishment; no further comparative
    linkage is asserted.
- id: motif:2
  label: broken covenant
  taxonomy_refs:
  - covenant
  basis: The passage states that most of the former peoples did not observe their
    covenant and were wicked doers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: The covenant is mentioned briefly and not narrated in detail in this passage.
- id: motif:3
  label: serpent sign from a prophet's rod
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  basis: Moses's rod becomes a visible serpent before Pharaoh, and later his rod swallows
    the serpent-forms produced by the magicians.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: The transformation is presented as a sign; the passage does not elaborate
    an independent serpent myth beyond the contest.
- id: motif:4
  label: miracle contest against magicians
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Pharaoh summons expert magicians; they enchant the spectators, but Moses's
    revealed action defeats their false display and confirms the truth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy family precisely names this contest pattern.
- id: motif:5
  label: release and departure of an oppressed people
  taxonomy_refs:
  - departure
  basis: Moses asks Pharaoh to send the children of Israel away with him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The actual departure is requested but not narrated within this passage.
- id: motif:6
  label: recognition and conversion after defeat
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: After the contest, the magicians are overcome, prostrate themselves, and
    state belief in the Lord of Moses and Aaron.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage records the conversion gesture and speech but does not provide
    later consequences here.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 16406-16417
  quote_or_summary: If the city inhabitants had believed and feared God, blessings
    would have opened from heaven and earth; because they charged apostles with falsehood,
    punishment and vengeance came upon them, including the possibility of punishment
    by night or day.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 16418-16431
  quote_or_summary: 'Later inheritors are told that God can afflict them for sins
    and seal their hearts. Stories of cities are introduced: apostles came with evident
    miracles, but many rejected them; most did not observe their covenant and were
    wicked doers.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 16432-16439
  quote_or_summary: Moses is sent with signs to Pharaoh and his princes; Moses says
    he is an apostle from the Lord of all creatures and asks Pharaoh to send the children
    of Israel away with him.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:4
  type: quote
  locator: lines 16439-16441
  quote_or_summary: "“he cast down his rod; and behold, it became a visible serpent.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation from supplied passage.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: after translator note f; subsequent passage lines within 16406-16502
  quote_or_summary: Moses draws his hand from his bosom, and it appears white to the
    spectators.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: after white-hand sign; subsequent passage lines within 16406-16502
  quote_or_summary: Pharaoh's chiefs call Moses an expert magician, say he seeks to
    dispossess them of their land, and advise delaying him and his brother while expert
    magicians are brought from the cities.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: verse marker 110 within lines 16406-16502
  quote_or_summary: The summoned magicians ask Pharaoh if they will receive a reward
    if they overcome; Pharaoh says yes and promises that they will be near his throne.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: following verse marker 110 within lines 16406-16502
  quote_or_summary: Moses lets the magicians cast first; when they cast, they enchant
    the eyes of those present, terrify them, and perform a great enchantment.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: final lines of supplied passage, within 16406-16502
  quote_or_summary: By revelation Moses is told to throw down his rod; it swallows
    the rods falsely made to appear as serpents. Truth is confirmed, Pharaoh and the
    magicians are overcome, and the magicians prostrate themselves and profess belief
    in the Lord of Moses and Aaron.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from supplied passage.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Extraction is based only on the supplied Sale translation passage. Some line
    subranges are approximate because the provided excerpt contains embedded footnotes
    and verse markers. No external comparisons are asserted.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Translator footnotes were present in the supplied range, but the extraction prioritizes the main translated passage; no historical or folkloric claims from the notes were used as independent comparison evidence.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l16406-l16502
  passage_sha256=d919eb7dea21c0d521ee1a06b91d13dfe169781b4220536bc1553fc409b5590f