Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l1569-l1617

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l1569-l1617

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l1569-l1617
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: A TABLE OF THE CHAPTERS / THE KORAN. / PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE / SECTION I.;
    lines 1569-1617
  start: '1569'
  end: '1617'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage describes pre-Islamic Arabian practices involving offerings
    divided between idols and God, Mohammed's rejection of idolatry, worship of stars
    and planets linked to weather and rain, planetary temples, tribe-specific celestial
    worship, Abu Cabsha's promotion of Sirius worship, and three female-named angelic
    figures mentioned in the Koran.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Fruits, water, and offerings were divided between idols and God, with restitution
    or exchange made only when it favored the idols.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Mohammed is described as reclaiming his countrymen from idolatry and establishing
    sole worship of the true God.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The passage says Arabs associated the rising and setting of certain stars
    with changes of weather and rain.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: The passage says ancient Arabians and Indians had a conformity of religions
    and seven celebrated temples dedicated to the seven planets.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: Beit Ghomdan in Sanaa is said to have been built by Dahac for Venus and later
    demolished by the Khalif Othman.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: A reported inscription over Beit Ghomdan foretold that the person who destroyed
    it would be slain.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: Different Arab tribes are described as choosing different stars or planets
    as particular objects of worship.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: Abu Cabsha tried to persuade the Koreish to leave their images and worship
    Sirius.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: Mohammed was nicknamed the son of Abu Cabsha because he also urged the Koreish
    to leave their images.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: Allat, al Uzza, and Manah are described as angels or intelligences worshipped
    under female names.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Mohammed
  description: Religious reformer described as reclaiming his countrymen from idolatry
    and establishing sole worship of God.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Arabs / Mohammed's countrymen
  description: People described as practicing idolatry, star worship, and tribe-specific
    worship of celestial bodies.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Idols / inferior deities / companions of God
  description: Objects or deities receiving allotted fruits, water, and offerings,
    and described as part of pre-Islamic worship.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Stars and planets
  description: Celestial bodies to which Arabs are said to have ascribed divine power
    because of weather and rain patterns.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Ancient Arabians and Indians
  description: Two peoples said to have had a great conformity of religions, including
    temples dedicated to planets.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Dahac
  description: Named builder of Beit Ghomdan in Sanaa, dedicated to Venus.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Khalif Othman
  description: Named destroyer of Beit Ghomdan, whose murder is said to have fulfilled
    the temple inscription.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Tribes of Hamyar, Misam, Lakhm, Jodam, Tay, Kais, and Asad
  description: Tribes listed with particular celestial objects of worship.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Abu Cabsha
  description: Worshipper of Sirius who tried to persuade the Koreish to abandon images
    and worship the star.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Koreish
  description: Group whom Abu Cabsha and Mohammed are said to have urged to leave
    their images.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Allat, al Uzza, and Manah
  description: Three angels or intelligences worshipped under female names.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: anti-idolatry religious reformer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Mohammed is described as reclaiming his countrymen from idolatry and establishing
    sole worship of God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:2
  label: pre-Islamic worshippers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The Arabs are described as engaging in idol worship and star worship.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:3
  label: recipients of ritual allotments
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Idols receive portions of fruit, water, and offerings in the described practices.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:4
  label: celestial objects of worship
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Stars and planets are described as receiving divine power and worship.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: role:5
  label: peoples with comparable planetary religion
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The passage says ancient Arabians and Indians had religious conformity and
    seven temples dedicated to planets.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:6
  label: temple builder
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Dahac is named as builder of Beit Ghomdan.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:7
  label: temple destroyer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Othman is named as the demolisher of Beit Ghomdan.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:8
  label: tribal celestial devotees
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Each listed tribe is associated with a chosen star or planet as an object
    of worship.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:9
  label: promoter of Sirius worship
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Abu Cabsha tried to persuade the Koreish to worship Sirius.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:10
  label: audience urged to abandon images
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: The Koreish are described as being urged by Abu Cabsha and Mohammed to leave
    their images.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:11
  label: female-named angelic deities
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: Allat, al Uzza, and Manah are described as angels or intelligences worshipped
    under female names.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: divided offerings
  literal_form: fruits, water, and offerings divided between idols and God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: water channels
  literal_form: water running or being dammed between idol's grounds and God's part
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: stars as rain-bringers
  literal_form: rising and setting stars associated with weather changes and rains
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:4
  label: seven planetary temples
  literal_form: seven temples dedicated to the seven planets
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:5
  label: Beit Ghomdan
  literal_form: temple in Sanaa dedicated to Venus
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:6
  label: prophetic temple inscription
  literal_form: inscription saying the destroyer of Ghomdan would be slain
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:7
  label: tribal patron stars and planets
  literal_form: sun, al Debaran, Jupiter, Canopus, Sirius, and Mercury as tribal worship
    objects
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:8
  label: female names for angelic beings
  literal_form: Allat, al Uzza, and Manah as female names
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Offerings allocated between idols and God
  summary: The passage describes ritual allotments of fruits, water, and offerings
    in which transfers or exchanges favor the idols rather than God.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Mohammed rejects idolatry
  summary: Mohammed is described as reclaiming his countrymen from worship of inferior
    deities and establishing sole worship of the true God.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Stars credited with weather and rain
  summary: Arabs are said to have noticed weather changes at the rising and setting
    of stars and to have ascribed divine power to them for rain.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Planetary temples and Beit Ghomdan
  summary: Ancient Arabians and Indians are said to have had seven planetary temples;
    Beit Ghomdan in Sanaa was dedicated to Venus, demolished by Othman, and linked
    to a fulfilled inscription.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:5
  label: Tribal worship of celestial bodies
  summary: Several tribes are listed with their chosen celestial objects of worship,
    including the sun, Jupiter, Canopus, Sirius, and Mercury.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:8
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:6
  label: Abu Cabsha and Sirius worship
  summary: Abu Cabsha tries to persuade the Koreish to abandon images and worship
    Sirius; Mohammed receives a nickname connected with Abu Cabsha because of a similar
    rejection of images.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:7
  label: Female-named angelic beings
  summary: The passage names Allat, al Uzza, and Manah as three angels or intelligences
    worshipped under female names.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: ritual redistribution favoring idols
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  basis: The passage describes offerings, fruit, and water divided between idols and
    God, with exchange or restitution made asymmetrically in favor of idols.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage is polemical and descriptive; the taxonomy reference is approximate
    because the ritual exchange is unequal rather than reciprocal.
- id: motif:2
  label: reform from idolatry to exclusive worship
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Mohammed is described as turning his countrymen away from inferior deities
    and establishing sole worship of the true God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: No specific available taxonomy reference directly names anti-idolatry
    reform.
- id: motif:3
  label: celestial bodies worshipped as rain and weather powers
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage links star worship to observed weather changes and the belief
    that stars brought rain to a parched country.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: The available taxonomy contains the symbol water but no specific astral-worship
    motif family.
- id: motif:4
  label: seven planetary temples
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage describes seven celebrated temples dedicated to the seven planets
    among ancient Arabians and Indians.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage gives limited detail about the seven temples beyond their
    planetary dedication.
- id: motif:5
  label: prophecy attached to temple destruction
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: A reported inscription over Beit Ghomdan foretells that its destroyer would
    be slain, and the passage says this was fulfilled by Othman's murder.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: low
  cautions: The passage reports fulfillment of an inscription but does not explicitly
    frame it as divine judgment; taxonomy reference is tentative.
- id: motif:6
  label: tribal patron celestial body
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage lists tribes and their particular chosen stars or planets as
    objects of worship.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: No available taxonomy reference directly names tribal astral patronage.
- id: motif:7
  label: female-named angelic deities
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Allat, al Uzza, and Manah are described as angels or intelligences worshipped
    under female names.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage identifies the figures but does not narrate a mythic episode
    involving them.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage itself claims a religious conformity between ancient Arabians
    and Indians, especially in connection with seven temples dedicated to the seven
    planets.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: ancient Indian planetary temple worship as described in the passage
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The claim relies solely on the passage's assertion and does not provide
    independent details about Indian rites or temple forms.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1569-1577
  quote_or_summary: Fruits, water, and offerings are divided between idols and God;
    restitution and exchanges are made only when they favor the idol's portion.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1578-1582
  quote_or_summary: Mohammed is said to have reclaimed his countrymen from idolatry
    and established sole worship of the true God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1583-1589
  quote_or_summary: Arabs are said to have worshipped stars after associating their
    risings and settings with weather changes and rain.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1590-1597
  quote_or_summary: Ancient Arabians and Indians are said to have had seven temples
    dedicated to the seven planets; Beit Ghomdan in Sanaa was built by Dahac for Venus,
    destroyed by Othman, and linked to a prophetic inscription; Mecca is said to have
    been consecrated to Saturn.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1598-1608
  quote_or_summary: 'Several tribes are listed with celestial objects of worship:
    Hamyar with the sun, Misam with al Debaran, Lakhm and Jodam with Jupiter, Tay
    with Canopus, Kais with Sirius, and Asad with Mercury.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1608-1612
  quote_or_summary: Abu Cabsha, a famous worshipper of Sirius, tried to persuade the
    Koreish to abandon images and worship the star; Mohammed was nicknamed son of
    Abu Cabsha for also urging abandonment of images.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1613-1617
  quote_or_summary: 'The Koran is said to mention three angels or intelligences worshipped
    under female names: Allat, al Uzza, and Manah.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The extraction is based directly on the supplied passage. Motif labeling
    is cautious because the passage is an explanatory discourse rather than a mythic
    narrative, and available taxonomy terms only partially fit several patterns.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  All observations and motifs are limited to the provided passage and metadata.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l1569-l1617
  passage_sha256=2019004d2c84a0a1e063ac28e5c903bf138899fff1f8df5744fda5ba632fe9d9