Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l15551-l15639

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l15551-l15639

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l15551-l15639
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER V. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER VI. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 15551-15639
  start: '15551'
  end: '15639'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage rejects unauthorized food taboos, states specific dietary prohibitions
    and exceptions, recalls special prohibitions imposed on Jews, challenges idolaters
    who attribute their idolatry to divine will, and lists divine commands concerning
    worship, parents, children, sexual and violent wrongdoing, orphans, fair measure,
    justice, and God's covenant.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The commentary describes pre-Islamic livestock restrictions involving idols,
    male-only consumption, exempted animals, and embryos or young of certain cattle.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The speaker says that the revealed law forbids carrion, poured-forth blood,
    swine flesh, and animals slain in the name of someone other than God.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: A necessity exception is stated for a person compelled to eat forbidden things
    without desire or wilful transgression.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: The passage says that Jews were forbidden every beast with an undivided hoof
    and certain fat of bullocks and sheep.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: The Jewish dietary restriction is described as a recompense because of iniquity.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: Idolaters are represented as claiming that, if God had pleased, they and their
    fathers would not have practiced idolatry or forbidden anything.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: The passage says earlier people accused prophets of imposture until they experienced
    severe punishment.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: The addressee is told to ask opponents to produce witnesses that God forbade
    their claimed prohibitions.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:9
  text: The passage commands avoidance of idolatry, kindness to parents, not killing
    children from fear of poverty, avoidance of heinous crimes, and not killing a
    soul God has forbidden to be killed except for just cause.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: The passage commands protection of an orphan's substance until maturity, full
    measure, just balance, justice in judgment even involving kin, and fulfillment
    of God's covenant.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God / LORD
  description: The divine authority whose revelation defines prohibitions, mercy,
    severity, provision, commands, and covenant.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: the addressee commanded to say
  description: The person addressed with repeated commands to say or rehearse divine
    prohibitions to opponents.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: idolaters
  description: Opponents who practice idolatry, attribute their conduct to God's will,
    and are told to produce witnesses for their prohibitions.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Jews
  description: A community said to have received specific dietary prohibitions concerning
    hoofed beasts and animal fat.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: prophets before them
  description: Earlier prophets whom previous people accused of imposture before punishment
    came.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: parents, children, and orphans
  description: Family members and vulnerable dependents named in the moral commands.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine lawgiver
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage attributes prohibitions and commandments to God and to what has
    been revealed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: role:2
  label: merciful and severe judge
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God is described as gracious and merciful to the compelled person, while
    divine severity is not averted from wicked people.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: role:3
  label: reciter or messenger of divine commands
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The addressee is repeatedly told to say and rehearse what the Lord has forbidden.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:4
  label: disputing idolaters
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: They are described as making claims about God's will, accusing signs of falsehood,
    and equalizing idols with their Lord.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:5
  label: recipients of specific dietary restriction
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The passage says certain animals and fats were forbidden to the Jews.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:6
  label: accused prophets
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Earlier people are said to have accused prophets of imposture.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:7
  label: protected kin and dependents
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The commands require kindness to parents, preservation of children, and protection
    of orphan property.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: forbidden foods
  literal_form: carrion, poured-forth blood, swine flesh, and animals slain in another
    name than God's
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:2
  label: idols
  literal_form: idols equalized with the Lord and served in pre-Islamic practices
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
- id: sym:3
  label: restricted hoofed beast and animal fat
  literal_form: beast having an undivided hoof and fat of bullocks and sheep
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:4
  label: full measure and just balance
  literal_form: full measure and a just balance
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:5
  label: covenant of God
  literal_form: the covenant of God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - covenant
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Commentary on livestock taboos
  summary: The notes explain Arab customs of reserving certain livestock or offspring
    for idol-serving males and exempting some animals from ordinary uses.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Revealed dietary prohibition and mercy exception
  summary: The addressee is told to declare that only specified foods are forbidden,
    with mercy for one compelled by necessity without deliberate transgression.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Dietary restrictions imposed on Jews
  summary: The passage states that certain animals and fats were forbidden to Jews
    as recompense for iniquity.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Challenge to idolaters' claims
  summary: The idolaters' fatalistic explanation is rejected; the addressee is instructed
    to ask for knowledge or witnesses and not to follow those who deny the signs and
    the life to come.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:5
  label: Rehearsal of moral commandments
  summary: The passage lists commands concerning exclusive worship, family obligations,
    preservation of life, sexual and moral wrongdoing, orphan property, fair measures,
    just judgment, and God's covenant.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: divine lawgiving through prohibitions and commandments
  taxonomy_refs:
  - covenant
  basis: The passage presents prohibitions and moral commands as God's injunctions
    and concludes with fulfillment of God's covenant.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The taxonomy reference is supported chiefly by the explicit phrase 'covenant
    of God'; the passage is legal-exhortatory rather than narrative.
- id: motif:2
  label: divine judgment against false attribution and idolatry
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Opponents who claim divine sanction are challenged, and earlier accusers
    of prophets are said to have tasted severe punishment; God's severity is warned
    against wicked people.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The punishment is mentioned generally, without a detailed judgment scene.
- id: motif:3
  label: mercy exception under necessity
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: A person compelled by necessity to eat forbidden food, without lust or wilful
    transgression, is said to receive the Lord's grace and mercy.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: medium
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy family directly matches this legal-mercy pattern.
- id: motif:4
  label: justice for vulnerable persons and fair dealing
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The commandments protect children and orphans and require full measure, just
    balance, and justice even for or against kin.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is an ethical-legal pattern rather than a mythic narrative motif.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The translator's note links the prohibition of animal fat for Jews with Levitical
    dietary law.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Leviticus vii.23 and iii.16 as cited in the passage note
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The comparison comes from the translator's note, not from an extended
    comparison within the translated Qur'anic passage.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 15551-15580
  quote_or_summary: Notes describe idol-serving males, exempted livestock such as
    Bahra, Sba, and Hmi, embryos or young of such cattle, and Arab superstitious livestock
    prohibitions.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 15581-15587
  quote_or_summary: The addressee is told to say that nothing revealed is forbidden
    to eat except carrion, poured-forth blood, swine flesh, or what is slain in another
    name than God's; necessity without wilful transgression receives divine mercy.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 15588-15592
  quote_or_summary: Jews are said to have been forbidden every beast with an undivided
    hoof and certain fat of bullocks and sheep, as recompense for iniquity.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 15593-15602
  quote_or_summary: The passage answers accusations of imposture, warns that divine
    severity will not be averted from the wicked, rejects idolaters' appeal to God's
    will, and recalls previous accusers who tasted severe punishment.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 15603-15609
  quote_or_summary: The addressee is told to demand witnesses for claimed divine prohibitions
    and not to follow those who deny the signs, disbelieve in the life to come, and
    equalize idols with their Lord.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 15610-15616
  quote_or_summary: 'The addressee is told to rehearse divine prohibitions: no idolatry,
    kindness to parents, no killing children from fear of poverty, avoidance of heinous
    crimes, and no unlawful killing.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 15617-15620
  quote_or_summary: Commands include not misusing orphan property before maturity,
    using full measure and just balance, judging justly even with kin, and fulfilling
    the covenant of God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: citation
  locator: lines 15622-15626
  quote_or_summary: A note cites Leviticus vii.23 and iii.16 concerning the fat restriction
    and explains the fat of sheep tails in the east.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The extraction is based on the supplied English translation and notes. Motif
    labels are cautious because the passage is primarily legal and polemical rather
    than narrative mythology.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Only the supplied passage and metadata were used; no external taxonomy IDs beyond provided references were added.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l15551-l15639
  passage_sha256=6f32bcca4db9b7b2fd4d119b9b2e0d026a19d0a405702fb7754a0e01087022ba