Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l14804-l14902

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l14804-l14902

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l14804-l14902
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER V. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER VI. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 14804-14902
  start: '14804'
  end: '14902'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Sale translation
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage describes divine response, resurrection, demands for signs,
    animals as communities under divine decree, rejection of signs, punishment and
    the hour of resurrection, nations tested by adversity and prosperity, sudden destruction
    of the wicked, God’s power over hearing, sight, and hearts, and messengers who
    announce good tidings and threats. Notes add interpretive traditions about personified
    evil works, the term 'hour,' and animal resurrection and judgment.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: God gives a favorable answer to those who hearken, raises the dead, and all
    return to him.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:2
  text: The infidels ask for a sign to be sent down from the Lord; the answer states
    that God is able to send a sign, but many do not know.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:3
  text: Beasts on earth and birds that fly are described as peoples like humans, with
    nothing omitted from the book of decrees, and they return to their Lord.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:4
  text: A note states that irrational animals will be restored to life at the resurrection
    for judgment concerning injuries done to one another.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:5
  text: Those who accuse the signs of falsehood are described as deaf, dumb, and walking
    in darkness; God leads whom he pleases into error or the right way.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:6
  text: When God’s punishment or the hour of resurrection comes, the addressed people
    are told they will call on God and forget what they associated with him.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:7
  text: Messengers were sent to former nations, which were afflicted with trouble
    and adversity so that they might humble themselves.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:8
  text: When affliction came, the nations did not humble themselves; their hearts
    hardened, and Satan prepared their deeds for them.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: After admonition was forgotten, the gates of all things were opened to the
    nations; while rejoicing in what they received, they were suddenly seized with
    despair, and the wicked were cut off.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:10
  text: The passage asks who besides God could restore hearing, sight, and hearts
    if God took them away and sealed the hearts.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:11
  text: Messengers are described as bearing good tidings and denouncing threats; those
    who believe and amend will have no fear and will not be grieved.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:12
  text: A note describes an infidel’s evil works appearing after the grave as an ugly,
    foul-smelling, disagreeable-voiced figure that mounts and rides him.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: The divine actor who answers, raises the dead, sends or withholds signs,
    guides or leads into error, punishes, restores or removes faculties, and sends
    messengers.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Infidels / those who accuse the signs of falsehood
  description: People who demand a sign, accuse signs of falsehood, are described
    as deaf and dumb in darkness, and are addressed concerning punishment and resurrection.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Beasts and fowl
  description: Animals on earth and birds flying with wings, described as peoples
    like humans and returning to their Lord.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Messengers
  description: Envoys sent to nations, bearing good tidings and denouncing threats.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:11
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Sundry nations / wicked people
  description: Former peoples who received messengers, experienced adversity, did
    not humble themselves, rejoiced in plenty, and were suddenly seized and cut off
    when wicked.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Satan
  description: A being said to have prepared for the nations what they committed after
    their hearts became hardened.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Those who believe and amend
  description: People for whom no fear will come and who will not be grieved.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Personified evil works
  description: In a note, an infidel’s evil works are represented after the grave
    as an ugly figure that speaks and then rides upon him.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: raiser of the dead
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage says God will raise the dead and they will return to him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:2
  label: divine judge and punisher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage speaks of God’s punishment, resurrection, sudden seizure of wicked
    peoples, and final return to the Lord.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
- id: role:3
  label: sender of messengers and signs
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God is said to be able to send a sign and to send messengers with good tidings
    and threats.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:11
- id: role:4
  label: rejecters of signs
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: They demand a sign, accuse signs of falsehood, and are described as turning
    aside.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
  - ev:10
- id: role:5
  label: nonhuman communities subject to return and judgment
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Beasts and birds are called peoples like humans and are said in the note
    to be restored at resurrection for judgment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: warners and bearers of good tidings
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Messengers are described as bearing good tidings and denouncing threats.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: role:7
  label: tested and punished nations
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Former nations were afflicted to humble them, then given plenty, seized in
    despair, and the wicked were cut off.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:8
  label: tempter or deed-adorned influence
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Satan prepared for the hardened nations what they committed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:9
  label: righteous recipients of reassurance
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Those who believe and amend are told no fear will come on them and they will
    not be grieved.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: role:10
  label: embodied burden of wrongdoing
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The note says evil works take a hideous form, identify themselves, and ride
    upon the infidel.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: the hour of resurrection
  literal_form: the hour when resurrection or divine punishment comes
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  - divine_judgment
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:12
- id: sym:2
  label: book of decrees
  literal_form: a book in which nothing is omitted
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:3
  label: darkness
  literal_form: walking in darkness
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:4
  label: sealed hearts
  literal_form: hearts sealed up by God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: sym:5
  label: gates of all things
  literal_form: opened gates of all things, associated in the note with plenty
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:6
  label: personified evil works
  literal_form: ugly, foul-smelling, disagreeable-voiced figure representing evil
    deeds
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Resurrection and return to God
  summary: God answers those who hearken, raises the dead, and all return to him.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Demand for a sign
  summary: The infidels say they will not believe unless a sign is sent down; the
    answer states God can send a sign, but many do not know.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Animals as communities under decree
  summary: Beasts and birds are described as peoples like humans, included in the
    book of decrees, returning to their Lord, with a note on animal resurrection and
    judgment.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:4
  label: Calling on God at punishment or resurrection
  summary: When divine punishment or the hour of resurrection comes, the people are
    told they will call on God and forget associated objects of worship.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:5
  label: Former nations tested, enriched, and seized
  summary: Messengers are sent to nations; affliction fails to humble them, Satan
    adorns their actions, abundance is opened to them, and they are suddenly seized
    in despair while the wicked are cut off.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: scene:6
  label: Removal and restoration of faculties
  summary: The passage asks who besides God could restore hearing, sight, and hearts
    if God removed or sealed them, while signs are shown in various ways.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:10
- id: scene:7
  label: Messengers announce outcomes
  summary: Messengers bear good tidings and threats; those who believe and amend are
    promised absence of fear and grief.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: scene:8
  label: Evil works become a burdening figure
  summary: A note describes the infidel after the grave encountering his evil works
    as a hideous figure that speaks, mounts him, and makes him carry it.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Divine judgment after rejection of signs
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage links rejection of signs, the hour of resurrection, punishment,
    sudden seizure of wicked peoples, and final return to God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is doctrinal and admonitory; motif labeling should not flatten
    theological context.
- id: motif:2
  label: Resurrection and return to the divine
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: God raises the dead, all return to him, and the note extends restoration
    at resurrection to animals for judgment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: Animal resurrection is stated in an explanatory note rather than the main
    translated verse.
- id: motif:3
  label: Demand for a validating sign
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Infidels demand a sign from the Lord as a condition for belief; the answer
    emphasizes God’s ability to send one.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference directly matches sign-demand or miracle-demand.
- id: motif:4
  label: Prosperity as a snare before sudden destruction
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Former nations ignore admonition, receive opened gates of plenty, rejoice,
    and are suddenly seized with despair, while the wicked are cut off.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: The 'snare' interpretation is partly supplied by the note explaining the
    opened gates as plenty.
- id: motif:5
  label: Evil deeds embodied as a postmortem burden
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: A note describes evil works appearing as a grotesque speaking figure that
    rides on the infidel after the grave.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This motif is drawn from Sale’s cited commentary note, not from the main
    translated verse in this excerpt.
- id: motif:6
  label: Exclusive divine deliverance in crisis
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: At punishment or resurrection, the addressed people are told they will call
    on God rather than associated beings, and God may deliver them if he pleases.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference directly matches this monotheistic crisis-invocation
    pattern.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The note states that calling the last day 'the hour' and speaking of meeting
    God on that day is agreeable to Christian scripture references supplied by the
    editor.
  claim_level: linguistic_similarity
  target: Christian scripture references cited in the note, including 1 John v.25
    and 1 Thessalonians iv.17
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The comparison is made by the translator/editorial note, not by the
    Qur'anic passage itself, and only the cited references are given here.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The editor’s note points readers to Milton’s Paradise Lost in connection
    with the hideous personification of evil works, suggesting a literary or visual
    similarity in postmortem embodiment of sin.
  claim_level: visual_similarity
  target: Milton, Paradise Lost, book II, cited by the note
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: low
  limitations: The note provides only a cross-reference, not an explicit developed
    comparison; historical contact or shared origin is not established.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14810-14821, note f
  quote_or_summary: A note says an infidel’s works after the grave are represented
    as an ugly, foul-smelling, disagreeable-voiced figure that identifies itself as
    his evil works, mounts him, and makes him carry it.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14836-14837
  quote_or_summary: "“GOD will raise the dead; then unto him shall they return.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14838-14840
  quote_or_summary: The infidels ask why no sign has been sent down from the Lord;
    the answer says God is able to send a sign, but most do not know.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14841-14843
  quote_or_summary: No beast on earth or bird flying with wings is excluded; each
    is described as a people like humans, nothing is omitted from the book of decrees,
    and they return to their Lord.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14883-14886, note n
  quote_or_summary: A note states that irrational animals will be restored to life
    at resurrection so they may be brought to judgment and vengeance taken for injuries
    done to one another.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14844-14846
  quote_or_summary: Those who accuse God’s signs of falsehood are described as deaf,
    dumb, and walking in darkness; God leads whom he pleases into error and whom he
    pleases into the right way.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14847-14851
  quote_or_summary: If God’s punishment or the hour of resurrection comes, the people
    will call on God, who may deliver them, and they will forget what they associated
    with him.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14852-14856
  quote_or_summary: Messengers were sent to former nations; those nations were afflicted
    with trouble and adversity to humble them, but their hearts hardened and Satan
    prepared what they committed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14857-14862 and lines 14888-14891, note p
  quote_or_summary: After admonition was forgotten, gates of all things were opened;
    while the people rejoiced in what they received, they were suddenly seized with
    despair and the wicked were cut off. The note explains the opening as plenty that
    became a snare.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14863-14867
  quote_or_summary: The passage asks who besides God could restore hearing, sight,
    and hearts if God took them away and sealed the hearts; it says signs of God’s
    unity are shown in varied ways.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14870-14874
  quote_or_summary: Messengers are sent bearing good tidings and threats; whoever
    believes and amends will have no fear and will not be grieved.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14806-14809, note e
  quote_or_summary: The note says the last day is here called 'the hour' as in scripture
    and that the expression of meeting God on that day is agreeable to the same, citing
    1 John v.25 and 1 Thessalonians iv.17.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: note
  locator: lines 14821-14826, footnote references following note f
  quote_or_summary: The editor gives a cross-reference to Milton’s Paradise Lost,
    book II, in connection with the preceding note on the hideous figure of evil works.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: low
  notes: Main motifs of resurrection and divine judgment are explicit. Some symbols
    and comparison claims depend on explanatory notes rather than the main translated
    verses, so they require human review.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. Taxonomy references were limited to the supplied lists where directly supportable.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l14804-l14902
  passage_sha256=6852c7bd1248446b1b48b1c3d3ca3140670585be1eb6690d6b25e9df07d282db