Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l14641-l14704

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l14641-l14704

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l14641-l14704
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER V. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER VI. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 14641-14704
  start: '14641'
  end: '14704'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: Opening of Chapter VI, 'Cattle,' praising God as creator of heavens, earth,
    darkness, light, and humanity from clay; describing unbelief, rejection of signs,
    destroyed earlier generations, refusal even of a tangible book, demands for an
    angel, mocked apostles, divine judgment, mercy, and gathering on the day of resurrection.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: God is described as creating the heavens and the earth and ordaining darkness
    and light.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Human beings are described as created from clay, with a decreed life term
    and another prefixed term with God.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: God is said to know what people keep secret, what they publish, and what they
    deserve.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: The unbelievers are described as turning away from signs and gainsaying truth
    after it comes to them.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: Earlier generations are described as established in the earth, given abundant
    rain and rivers, then destroyed for their sins and replaced by other generations.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: A hypothetical book descending on paper and being handled by the unbelievers
    is described; the unbelievers would call it manifest sorcery.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: The unbelievers ask for an angel to be sent down, and the passage says that
    if an angel had been sent, the matter would have been decreed and they would not
    have been granted time.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:8
  text: If an angel were appointed as messenger, the angel would be sent in the form
    of a man and clothed like them.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: Other apostles before the addressed prophet are said to have been laughed
    to scorn, and judgment encompassed those who laughed.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:10
  text: The audience is told to go through the earth and behold the end of those who
    accused prophets of imposture.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:11
  text: God is said to have prescribed mercy to himself and to gather people together
    on the day of resurrection.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: Creator of heavens, earth, darkness, light, and humanity; knower of
    secrets; owner of what is in heaven and earth; prescriber of mercy; gatherer on
    the day of resurrection.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:11
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Unbelievers / those who believe not
  description: Those who equalize other gods with God, doubt, retire from signs, gainsay
    truth, demand an angel, and would reject a paper book as sorcery.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Destroyed earlier generations
  description: Prior generations established in the earth, given rain and rivers,
    destroyed in their sins, and followed by other generations.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Addressed prophet / thee
  description: The addressee to whom a book might hypothetically descend and before
    whom other apostles had also been mocked.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:9
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Angel
  description: A heavenly being requested by unbelievers; if appointed as messenger,
    would be sent in the form of a man and clothed like humans.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Other apostles
  description: Earlier apostles who were laughed to scorn before the addressed prophet.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Accusers of prophets
  description: Those whose end the audience is instructed to behold by traveling through
    the earth.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: creator
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God creates heavens, earth, darkness, light, and humans from clay.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:2
  label: knower of hidden and public things
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God knows what people keep secret, what they publish, and what they deserve.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:3
  label: judge and destroyer of sinful generations
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage attributes destruction of earlier generations in their sins to
    God and describes judgment encompassing mockers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:9
- id: role:4
  label: merciful gatherer at resurrection
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God prescribes mercy to himself and will gather people on the day of resurrection.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: role:5
  label: unbelieving rejecters of signs
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: They retire from signs, gainsay truth, and would call a descending paper
    book sorcery.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
- id: role:6
  label: accusers or mockers of prophets
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:7
  basis: The passage describes people who laugh apostles to scorn or accuse prophets
    of imposture.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: role:7
  label: destroyed predecessors
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Earlier generations are destroyed in their sins after receiving prosperity.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:8
  label: apostolic messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  basis: The passage addresses a prophetic recipient and mentions other apostles before
    him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:9
- id: role:9
  label: hypothetical angelic messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The passage discusses an angel being sent down and, if appointed messenger,
    sent in human form.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: darkness and light
  literal_form: Darkness and light ordained by God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: clay
  literal_form: Clay as the material from which humans are created
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:3
  label: abundant rain and rivers
  literal_form: Heaven sent to rain abundantly and rivers flowing under their feet
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:4
  label: book written on paper
  literal_form: A book caused to descend on paper and handled by hands
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:5
  label: angel sent down
  literal_form: An angel requested to descend and possibly appear in the form of a
    man
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: sym:6
  label: day of resurrection
  literal_form: The day on which people are gathered together
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: sym:7
  label: journey through the earth
  literal_form: Instruction to go through the earth and behold the end of past accusers
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Creation and divine knowledge
  summary: God is praised as creator of heaven, earth, darkness, light, and humans
    from clay; he decrees terms and knows hidden and public deeds.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:2
  label: Rejection of signs and truth
  summary: Signs of the Lord come, but the unbelievers turn away, gainsay truth, and
    mock what will later bring them a message.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:3
  label: Destroyed prosperous generations
  summary: Earlier generations receive establishment, abundant rain, and rivers, but
    are destroyed in their sins and replaced by other generations.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:4
  label: Rejected descending book
  summary: Even if a book on paper descended and was handled by their hands, the unbelievers
    would call it manifest sorcery.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:5
  label: Demand for an angel
  summary: The unbelievers demand that an angel be sent down; the passage says such
    a sending would bring decree without delay, and that an angelic messenger would
    appear as a clothed man.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: scene:6
  label: Mocked apostles and judgment
  summary: Earlier apostles were mocked, but the judgment mocked by the scoffers encompassed
    them; the audience is told to observe the end of prophet-accusers.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: scene:7
  label: Mercy and resurrection gathering
  summary: God is declared owner of heaven and earth, prescribes mercy to himself,
    and will gather people on the day of resurrection.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Creation of humans from clay
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage explicitly says God created humans from clay.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: No available taxonomy family exactly matches creation from clay.
- id: motif:2
  label: Cosmic ordering of darkness and light
  taxonomy_refs:
  - duality
  basis: The passage pairs darkness and light as things ordained by God after creation
    of heavens and earth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage states the pair literally but does not elaborate a dualist
    cosmology.
- id: motif:3
  label: Divine judgment on rejecting peoples
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Earlier prosperous generations are destroyed for sins, and mockers of apostles
    are encompassed by judgment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: The specific identities of the generations are supplied only in the translator's
    note, not in the main passage wording.
- id: motif:4
  label: Destruction followed by replacement generations
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage says destroyed generations are followed by other generations
    raised after them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is succession after destruction, not necessarily rebirth of the same
    group.
- id: motif:5
  label: Resurrection gathering
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: The passage states that God will gather people together on the day of resurrection.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage gives a doctrinal assertion rather than an extended afterlife
    journey narrative.
- id: motif:6
  label: Heavenly messenger in human form
  taxonomy_refs:
  - shapeshifter
  basis: The passage says that if an angel were appointed messenger, the angel would
    be sent in the form of a man and clothed like humans.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The scene is hypothetical and framed as divine accommodation to human
    perception, not a full transformation story.
- id: motif:7
  label: Rejected tangible revelation
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Even a book descending on paper and handled by the unbelievers would be dismissed
    as sorcery.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: No available taxonomy family directly corresponds to this motif.
- id: motif:8
  label: Mercy delaying immediate condemnation
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage explains that sending the demanded angel would have decreed the
    matter and removed time for repentance; God is also said to prescribe mercy to
    himself.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:11
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The link between delayed judgment and mercy is partly clarified by the
    translator's note but also supported by adjacent wording.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage itself places the addressed prophet in a repeated pattern in
    which earlier apostles were mocked and their mockers later faced judgment.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Earlier apostles and mocked-prophet pattern within the passage's prophetic
    sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The passage does not name the earlier apostles in the main text and
    does not provide detailed narratives for comparison.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14647-14650
  quote_or_summary: "“GOD, who hath created the heavens and the earth, and hath ordained
    the darkness and the light.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14651-14653
  quote_or_summary: God created humans from clay and decreed the term of their lives,
    with another prefixed term with him.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14654-14655
  quote_or_summary: God is in heaven and earth and knows what people keep secret,
    publish, and deserve.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14656-14660
  quote_or_summary: Signs come from the Lord, but the people turn away; they gainsay
    the truth after it comes and mock what will concern them later.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14661-14666
  quote_or_summary: Many previous generations were established in the earth, given
    abundant rain and rivers, then destroyed in their sins and replaced by other generations.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14667-14670
  quote_or_summary: Even if a book written on paper descended to the addressee and
    the unbelievers handled it, they would call it manifest sorcery.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14671-14674
  quote_or_summary: The people say they will not believe unless an angel is sent down;
    if an angel were sent, the matter would be decreed and they would not be granted
    time.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14675-14677
  quote_or_summary: If God appointed an angel as messenger, the angel would be sent
    in the form of a man and clothed as humans are clothed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14678-14680
  quote_or_summary: Other apostles were laughed to scorn before the addressee, but
    the mocked judgment encompassed those who laughed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14681-14683
  quote_or_summary: The audience is told to go through the earth and behold the end
    of those who accused prophets of imposture.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14684-14689
  quote_or_summary: Whatever is in heaven and earth belongs to God; he has prescribed
    mercy to himself and will gather people on the day of resurrection.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Extraction is based directly on the supplied English passage. Motif labels
    using taxonomy refs are limited to the provided taxonomy list and remain draft-level
    pending human review.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Translator footnotes are present in the supplied passage, but motif extraction primarily uses the main passage wording.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l14641-l14704
  passage_sha256=cdd1cb4da7b151ed88a7e6539c2d334e7a14d53ce16da6fa65f698d5f6996e6b