Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l14049-l14140

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l14049-l14140

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l14049-l14140
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER IV. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD / CHAPTER V. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 14049-14140
  start: '14049'
  end: '14140'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Sale translation
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage contains Sale's notes on attempts to draw Mohammed into judgment,
    alliances with unbelievers and hypocrites, later apostasy traditions, and Qur'anic
    verses identifying God, the apostle, and believers as protectors; warning believers
    against mockers; denouncing some scripture-people and infidels; describing divine
    curse, animal transformation, hidden unbelief, forbidden consumption, divine generosity,
    enmity until resurrection, and God's extinguishing of war-fire.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Certain Jewish priests are said to have approached Mohammed with a plan to
    entrap him by offering conditional recognition if he judged a controversy for
    them; he refused.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The passage names God, the apostle, and believing worshippers who pray, give
    alms, and bow down as protectors or friends of the believers.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:3
  text: Believers are told not to take as friends those among earlier scripture-recipients
    or infidels who make religion and the call to prayer a laughing-stock and jest.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:4
  text: The speaker asks the scripture-recipients whether they reject the believers
    because of belief in God and in revelations sent down both to the believers and
    formerly.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:5
  text: The passage says that God cursed and was angry with some people, changed some
    of them into apes and swine, and identifies worship of Taghut among the condemned
    conduct.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:6
  text: Some people are described as entering the believers' company while saying
    they believe, but entering and leaving with infidelity concealed.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:7
  text: Many are described as hastening to iniquity and malice and eating forbidden
    things, while doctors and priests fail to forbid wicked speech and forbidden eating.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:8
  text: The Jews are quoted as saying that the hand of God is tied up; the passage
    replies that their hands shall be tied and that God's hands are stretched forth,
    bestowing as he pleases.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:9
  text: The passage says that enmity and hatred have been put between them until the
    day of resurrection.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:10
  text: Whenever they kindle a fire for war, God extinguishes it, while they seek
    corruption in the earth.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:11
  text: Sale's note lists groups said to have apostatized after or near Mohammed's
    lifetime and names several leaders or prophetic claimants followed by those groups.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Mohammed / the apostle
  description: Named in the notes as refusing a proposed judgment trap; in the verses,
    the apostle is named alongside God and believers as a protector or friend.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: God
  description: Named as protector, curser and judge, giver of bounty, sender of revelation,
    source of enmity until resurrection, and extinguisher of war-fire.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: true believers
  description: Addressed as those who should fear God, avoid mockers as friends, and
    take God, the apostle, and believers as friends.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Jewish priests
  description: In Sale's note, they approach Mohammed with a proposed judgment arrangement
    intended to entrap him.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: those to whom the scriptures were delivered / Jews
  description: Addressed or described as scripture-recipients; some are accused of
    mockery, transgression, concealed infidelity, forbidden eating, and saying that
    God's hand is tied.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: infidels
  description: Named among those whom believers should not take as friends when they
    mock religion and the call to prayer.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: hypocrites or apparent believers
  description: Described in the notes and verses as people who profess belief or swear
    oaths while retaining hidden unbelief or divided loyalties.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:8
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: apostate groups and false-prophet followers
  description: Sale's note lists Arab groups said to have left Mohammed's religion
    and followed leaders such as al Aswad al Ansi, Moseilama, Toleiha, Sajj, and others.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Taghut
  description: Named as an object of worship associated with those condemned as in
    a worse condition and farther from the straight path.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine protector, judge, and war-fire extinguisher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: God is called a protector, curses and transforms offenders, bestows as he
    pleases, and extinguishes war-fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
- id: role:2
  label: apostolic authority
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Mohammed refuses the entrapment judgment in the note, and the apostle is
    named among protectors or friends in the verse.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
- id: role:3
  label: faithful community / party of God
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Believers who take God, the apostle, and believers as friends are called
    the party of God and promised victory.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:4
  label: entrapment challengers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The note says the priests came to Mohammed with a design to entrap him through
    a proposed judgment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:5
  label: mockers, transgressors, or concealed opponents
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  basis: These groups are associated with mockery, hidden infidelity, iniquity, forbidden
    eating, or divided allegiance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:6
  label: renegades and followers of rival prophetic claimants
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Sale's note describes groups quitting Mohammed's religion and following named
    prophetic claimants or leaders.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:7
  label: illicit object of worship
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The passage mentions worship of Taghut among the condemned conditions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: fire for war
  literal_form: a fire kindled for war and extinguished by God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: sym:2
  label: tied and outstretched hands
  literal_form: the hand of God said to be tied; their hands tied; God's hands stretched
    forth
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: sym:3
  label: cursed animal forms
  literal_form: apes and swine
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:4
  label: straight path
  literal_form: the straightness of the path
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:5
  label: ritual worship acts
  literal_form: stated prayer, alms, and bowing down to worship
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:6
  label: day of resurrection
  literal_form: the day of resurrection
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Attempted entrapment through judgment
  summary: Sale's note recounts Jewish priests offering to acknowledge Mohammed if
    he judges a controversy for them, a proposal said to be designed as a trap and
    refused by Mohammed.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Faithful allegiance and avoidance of mockers
  summary: The verses identify God, the apostle, and believers as protectors, call
    the faithful the party of God, and warn believers against friendship with those
    who mock religion and prayer.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:3
  label: Denunciation of transgression and concealed unbelief
  summary: The passage challenges scripture-recipients, describes divine curse and
    transformation of some into animals, mentions worship of Taghut, and accuses some
    of hidden infidelity, malice, and forbidden eating.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  - fig:7
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: scene:4
  label: Divine refutation and extinguished war-fire
  summary: The passage answers the saying that God's hand is tied by declaring divine
    bounty, curse, enmity until resurrection, and God's extinguishing of fires kindled
    for war.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: scene:5
  label: Apostasy and replacement in Sale's note
  summary: Sale's note describes post-Mohammed and late-Mohammed apostasy groups,
    rival prophetic claimants, and commentators' views about groups who supplied the
    loss of renegades.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: divine judgment through curse, transformation, and eschatological consequence
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage presents God cursing offenders, changing some into apes and swine,
    condemning Taghut worship, and placing enmity until resurrection.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is polemical and theological; extraction records only the
    stated imagery and judgment pattern.
- id: motif:2
  label: punitive transformation into animals
  taxonomy_refs:
  - shapeshifter
  basis: Some condemned persons are said to have been changed into apes and swine.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The available taxonomy term 'shapeshifter' only partially fits, because
    the transformation is punitive and divinely imposed, not voluntary shapeshifting.
- id: motif:3
  label: divine suppression of war
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage says that whenever a fire for war is kindled, God extinguishes
    it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: No more specific available motif-family reference is supplied beyond the
    literal fire symbol.
- id: motif:4
  label: faithful party under divine patronage
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Those who take God, the apostle, and believers as friends are called the
    party of God and promised victory.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is an allegiance and patronage pattern; no exact supplied taxonomy
    family is assigned.
- id: motif:5
  label: apostasy and replacement of a religious community
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Sale's note interprets a prophecy through groups leaving Mohammed's religion
    and other peoples replacing their loss.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This motif candidate is drawn from Sale's commentary rather than the quoted
    Qur'anic verses in this line range.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14049-14056
  quote_or_summary: Sale's note says certain Jewish priests came to Mohammed intending
    to entrap him, proposing conditional belief if he judged a controversy for them;
    Mohammed refused.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14061-14069
  quote_or_summary: Sale's notes discuss refusing judgment by the Koran, pagan custom,
    Ebn Obba's reluctance to abandon old friends, and hypocrites' oaths to both sides.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14070-14108
  quote_or_summary: Sale's note describes predicted apostasy, listing Arab groups,
    leaders, and prophetic claimants, and then reports commentator disagreement over
    groups who supplied the loss of renegades.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14115-14119
  quote_or_summary: '"Verily your protector is GOD, and his apostle, and those who
    believe"; those taking them as friends are "the party of GOD" and shall be victorious.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; short excerpt used.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14120-14125
  quote_or_summary: Believers are warned not to take as friends scripture-recipients
    or infidels who make religion, and the call to prayer, a laughing-stock and jest.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14126-14130
  quote_or_summary: The speaker asks scripture-recipients whether they reject the
    believers because of belief in God and in revelations sent down to them and formerly
    sent down.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14131-14135
  quote_or_summary: God has cursed and been angry with some, "having changed some
    of them into apes and swine," and they worship Taghut and err from the path.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; short excerpt used.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14136-14138
  quote_or_summary: Some come saying they believe, but enter and leave with infidelity;
    God knows what they concealed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14139-14140 and continuation in supplied passage
  quote_or_summary: Many hasten to iniquity, malice, and forbidden eating; doctors
    and priests are faulted for not forbidding wickedness and forbidden consumption.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: final paragraph of supplied passage
  quote_or_summary: The Jews say God's hand is tied; the reply says their hands shall
    be tied, God's hands are stretched forth, enmity remains until resurrection, and
    God extinguishes every war-fire they kindle.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Literal extraction is strong for the supplied line range. Motif assignment
    is cautious because several images are theological-polemical statements rather
    than narrative episodes. No comparison claims were added because the passage does
    not itself make a sustained comparative claim beyond references to earlier scriptures
    and later commentary.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the supplied passage and metadata. Sale's explanatory notes are treated as part of the supplied passage but distinguished from Qur'anic verse material where relevant.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l14049-l14140
  passage_sha256=6b95354a5963fb203563d14aefe90688519f3629f30b79e8defab3ceddd3b289