batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l14000-l14047
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l14000-l14047
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: CHAPTER IV. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD / CHAPTER V. / IN THE
NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 14000-14047
start: '14000'
end: '14047'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: who is better than GOD, to judge between people who reason aright?
summary: The passage frames disputes over Jewish and Christian legal judgment, then
instructs the prophet to judge by what God has revealed, warns believers against
alliances with Jews and Christians, describes wavering persons who fear adversity,
and says that if believers apostatize God will replace them with people loved
by God who love God and fight for God's religion.
language: English
quote_policy: quoted
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The introductory note says Jews and Christians objected that they should be
judged by the law of Moses or by the gospel, and that the Koran is presented as
fuller and explicit rather than contradictory to the earlier revelations.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The prophet is commanded to judge between them according to what God has revealed
and not to follow their desires.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: The prophet is warned to beware lest they cause him to err from part of the
precepts sent down by God.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: If they turn back, the prophet is told to know that God is pleased to punish
them for some crimes.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: The passage contrasts the desired judgment of the time of ignorance with God's
judgment for people who reason aright.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: True believers are instructed not to take Jews or Christians for friends,
and the passage says Jews and Christians are friends to one another.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:7
text: Those with an infirmity in their hearts are described as hastening to Jews
and Christians while saying that they fear adversity.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:8
text: If any believers apostatize from their religion, God is said to bring other
people in their place, whom God will love and who will love God.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:9
text: The replacement people are described as humble toward believers, severe toward
unbelievers, fighting for God's religion, and not fearing a detractor's obloquy.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: The revealer, judge, punisher, giver of victory or command, lover of
the replacement people, and bestower of bounty.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: the prophet
description: The addressed prophet commanded to judge according to what God has
revealed and warned not to be led into error.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Jews and Christians
description: Communities mentioned in the introductory note and in the warning to
believers; described as friends one to another.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: true believers
description: The addressed believing community warned about friendship, apostasy,
and replacement.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: those in whose hearts there is an infirmity
description: People who hasten toward Jews and Christians, saying they fear adversity.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: other people to supply the apostates' place
description: A replacement people loved by God and loving God, humble toward believers,
severe to unbelievers, and fighting for God's religion.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine revealer
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God is said to have revealed and sent down precepts to the prophet.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:2
label: supreme judge
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The passage asks who is better than God to judge between people who reason
aright.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:3
label: prophetic judge
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The prophet is commanded to judge between them according to what God revealed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:4
label: external religious communities
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Jews and Christians are named as parties in the legal objection and as groups
believers are warned not to take for friends.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- id: role:5
label: addressed believing community
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The passage directly addresses 'O true believers' and gives communal prohibitions
and warnings.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:6
label: punisher and giver of victory
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God is said to punish those who turn back and to be able to give victory
or a command from him.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- id: role:7
label: wavering or fearful faction
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: They hasten to the warned-against groups and say they fear adversity.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:8
label: replacement beloved community
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: God will bring other people in place of apostates, loving them and being
loved by them.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: revealed law or precepts
literal_form: that which God has revealed; precepts sent down to the prophet
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:2
label: infirm heart
literal_form: hearts in which there is an infirmity
associated_figures:
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:3
label: firm oath
literal_form: a most firm oath sworn by God
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Framing of scriptural legal dispute
summary: A note frames the passage as responding to Jews and Christians who wanted
judgment by the Mosaic law or the gospel, while presenting the Koran as fuller
and explicit rather than contradictory to earlier revelations.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Prophet commanded to judge by revelation
summary: The prophet is told to judge according to God's revelation, not to follow
others' desires, and to beware of being led away from revealed precepts.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Warning against alliances and fearful wavering
summary: Believers are told not to take Jews or Christians as friends, while fearful
persons with infirm hearts are described as hastening toward them because they
fear adversity.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:4
label: Apostasy and replacement
summary: The passage warns that if believers apostatize, God will bring another
people in their place who are loved by God, love God, and fight for God's religion
without fearing detractors.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:6
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: divine judgment by revelation
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: God's revealed precepts are the standard for judgment, God is described as
the better judge, and punishment follows turning back.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
confidence: high
cautions: The passage is legal and exhortative rather than a narrative judgment
scene.
- id: motif:2
label: revealed law superseding or clarifying earlier scripture
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The introductory note states that the Koran is presented as fuller and explicit
and not contradictory to the law of Moses or the gospel.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: medium
cautions: This motif is derived mainly from the translator's explanatory note within
the supplied passage.
- id: motif:3
label: apostasy followed by divine replacement of a community
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage says that if believers apostatize, God will bring other people
to supply their place.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: No specific historical replacement group is identified in the passage
itself.
- id: motif:4
label: mutual divine-human love
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_beloved
basis: The replacement people are described as those whom God will love and who
will love God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: The motif appears as a community attribute, not as an individual beloved
narrative.
- id: motif:5
label: communal boundary through prohibited friendship
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: True believers are instructed not to take Jews or Christians for friends,
and taking them as friends is said to make one of them.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
confidence: high
cautions: The wording reflects the supplied translation and polemical legal context.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: Within the passage's own framing, the law of Moses, the gospel, and the Koran
are compared as scriptural standards for judgment, with the Koran presented as
fuller and explicit rather than contradictory to the earlier ones.
claim_level: same_function
target: law of Moses, gospel, and Koran as rules of judgment
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The comparison comes from the translator's note in the supplied passage,
not from a separate external comparison.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 14000-14018
quote_or_summary: 'Introductory note: Jews and Christians object that they should
be judged by Moses'' law or the gospel; the Koran is described as fuller and explicit,
not contradictory to prior revelations.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:2
type: quote
locator: lines 14022-14028
quote_or_summary: The prophet is told to judge by what God revealed, not follow
their desires, and beware lest they cause him to err from revealed precepts.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; concise excerpt/summary used.
- id: ev:3
type: quote
locator: lines 14029-14032
quote_or_summary: '"who is better than GOD, to judge between people who reason aright?"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quote used.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 14033-14039
quote_or_summary: Believers are warned not to take Jews or Christians as friends;
those with infirm hearts hasten to them saying they fear adversity; God may give
victory or a command causing repentance.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 14040-14047
quote_or_summary: If believers apostatize, God will bring other people in their
place, loved by God and loving God, humble to believers, severe to unbelievers,
fighting for God's religion without fearing detractors.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: Literal extraction is straightforward from the supplied translation and notes.
Motif labels are cautious, especially where the passage is legal-exhortative rather
than mythic narrative.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Used only the supplied passage text and metadata. No external identifications or line corrections added.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l14000-l14047
passage_sha256=7758b1e74316c13e3c5f6e5f587f72934e19836369728c221cc3ed0ccd329079