batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l13921-l13998
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l13921-l13998
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: CHAPTER IV. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD / CHAPTER V. / IN THE
NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 13921-13998
start: '13921'
end: '13998'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage includes Sale's notes on legal punishments and adjudication,
followed by a Qur'anic passage describing divine judgment through revealed law,
retaliation and remission, Jesus and the Gospel confirming earlier law, the Koran
confirming prior scripture, and different communities being given different laws
as a test before returning to God.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: A note describes graduated punishments for theft, beginning with cutting off
the right hand for a first offense and continuing with other limbs for later offenses,
followed by discretionary scourging if offenses continue.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: A note states that repentance does not prevent execution of the earthly law
or restitution, though forgiveness before magistrate involvement is reported as
affecting punishment according to one jurist.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: A note recounts a case in which Jewish adulterers were brought before Mohammed,
who pronounced stoning; the sentence was initially refused until a Jewish authority
acknowledged that the law required it.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: The Qur'anic passage asks how the people will submit to Mohammed's decision
when they possess the law containing God's judgment, and says they turn away afterward.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:5
text: The law is described as sent down, containing direction and light, and as
a basis by which prophets, doctors, and priests judged those who judaized.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:6
text: The passage commands judgment according to what God has revealed and condemns
failure to judge by revelation as unbelief, injustice, or transgression.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: obs:7
text: 'The passage states a rule of retaliation: life for life, eye for eye, nose
for nose, ear for ear, tooth for tooth, and retaliation for wounds.'
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:8
text: The passage states that remitting retaliation as alms is accepted as an atonement
for the person who remits it.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: Jesus son of Mary is described as following the footsteps of the prophets
and confirming the law sent down before him.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:10
text: The Gospel is described as given to Jesus, containing direction and light,
confirming the prior law, and serving as direction and admonition for those who
fear God.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:11
text: The Koran is described as sent down with truth, confirming earlier scripture
and preserving it safe from corruption.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:12
text: The passage says that every community has been given a law and an open path,
and that God made laws different in order to try people in what they were given.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:13
text: The passage says all will return to God, who will declare to them the matter
concerning which they disagreed.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: The divine speaker and revealer of law, Gospel, and Koran; the one
to whom all return.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Mohammed
description: The addressee commanded to judge according to what God has revealed;
notes also describe him pronouncing sentence in a legal case.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:8
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Jesus son of Mary
description: A figure caused to follow the footsteps of the prophets and given the
Gospel.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Prophets
description: Those who professed the true religion and judged by the law sent down
by God.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:7
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Doctors and priests
description: Custodians and witnesses of the book of God who judged by it.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Those who judaized
description: The group judged by prophets, doctors, and priests through the law.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Those who have received the Gospel
description: A group instructed to judge according to what God revealed in the Gospel.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Every community addressed
description: Those given a law and an open path and told to strive in good works
before returning to God.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Party wronged
description: In Sale's note, a wronged party whose forgiveness before magistrate
involvement may affect punishment according to al Shafei.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
roles:
- id: role:1
label: Revealer of law
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God is said to have sent down the law, Gospel, and Koran.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: role:2
label: Final judge
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: All return to God, who declares the matters of disagreement.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:3
label: Tester of communities
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Different laws are given so that God may try people in what they have received.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:4
label: Judge by revelation
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:4
- fig:7
basis: Mohammed, prophets, and Gospel-recipients are associated with judging according
to divine revelation.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: role:5
label: Confirmer of prior law
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Jesus is described as confirming the law sent down before him.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:6
label: Predecessor in true religion
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Prophets who professed the true religion judged those who judaized by the
law.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:7
label: Custodian of scripture
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Doctors and priests are described as custodians and witnesses of the book
of God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:8
label: Judged community
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Those who judaized are described as being judged by prophets, doctors, and
priests.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:9
label: Tested recipients of distinct laws
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Each group is given a law and open path, and differences are framed as a
test.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:10
label: Forgiver of offense
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: The note says the wronged party's forgiveness may affect punishment before
magistrate referral.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: Revealed law
literal_form: law containing the judgment of God; law sent down with direction and
light
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: sym:2
label: Direction and light
literal_form: direction and light attributed to the law and the Gospel
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:7
- id: sym:3
label: Book of God
literal_form: the book of God committed to the custody of doctors and priests
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:4
label: Retaliatory equivalence
literal_form: life for life, eye for eye, nose for nose, ear for ear, tooth for
tooth, wounds by retaliation
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:5
label: Gospel
literal_form: the gospel given to Jesus, containing direction and light
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:6
label: Koran
literal_form: the book of the Koran sent down with truth, confirming previous scripture
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:7
label: Open path
literal_form: an open path given alongside a law to each community
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:8
label: Return to God
literal_form: all returning to God after striving in good works
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Legal punishments and repentance in notes
summary: The notes describe the execution of legal punishments for theft, the limits
of repentance with respect to earthly law, restitution, and possible forgiveness
by the wronged party.
figure_refs:
- fig:9
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Adultery judgment before Mohammed
summary: A note recounts Jewish parties bringing an adultery case to Mohammed, resisting
the sentence of stoning until a Jewish authority acknowledges the legal basis.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:3
label: Judgment by the revealed law
summary: The passage describes the law as containing God's judgment, direction,
and light, and says prophets, doctors, and priests judged by the book entrusted
to them.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: scene:4
label: Retaliation and remission
summary: The passage sets out equivalent retaliation for life, body parts, and wounds,
while also presenting remission as alms and atonement.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: scene:5
label: Jesus and the Gospel confirm prior law
summary: Jesus son of Mary follows earlier prophets, confirms the prior law, and
receives the Gospel as direction, light, and admonition.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:6
label: Koran confirms prior scripture and distinct laws test communities
summary: The Koran is sent down with truth to confirm and preserve earlier scripture;
communities receive distinct laws and paths as a test and are told to strive in
good works before returning to God.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
- sym:7
- sym:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Divine judgment through revealed law
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage repeatedly commands judgment according to what God has revealed
and condemns failure to do so; it also ends with all returning to God for resolution
of disagreement.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:7
- ev:8
confidence: high
cautions: The motif is legal and theological rather than a narrative trial scene.
- id: motif:2
label: Succession of revealed scriptures
taxonomy_refs:
- covenant
- wisdom
basis: The law, Gospel, and Koran are each described as divinely given, with later
revelation confirming earlier scripture and giving guidance.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:7
- ev:8
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage does not use the word covenant in this excerpt; the taxonomy
link is based on revealed divine law and scripture.
- id: motif:3
label: Mercy or remission within retaliatory justice
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: The passage states retaliation in equivalent terms but says remitting it
as alms is accepted as atonement.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
confidence: medium
cautions: The exchange is framed as legal remission and atonement, not as a full
sacrificial or exchange narrative.
- id: motif:4
label: Different paths as divine testing
taxonomy_refs:
- initiation
basis: The passage says each community has a law and open path, and that differences
are given so God may try people in what they received.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
confidence: low
cautions: The test is communal and ethical, not an initiation episode in the narrative
sense.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: Within the passage, the law, the Gospel, and the Koran are presented as related
revealed scriptures that function as divine guidance and standards for judgment.
claim_level: same_function
target: Law, Gospel, and Koran within the passage
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:7
- ev:8
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: This is an internal comparison made by the passage; it does not establish
an external historical relationship beyond the passage's own claims.
- id: claim:2
claim: The passage explicitly presents the Gospel and the Koran as confirming earlier
scripture, creating a sequence of revelation across communities.
claim_level: same_motif
target: Sequential confirmation of prior revelation
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The claim is limited to the motif of confirmation and succession; details
of the earlier scriptures are not supplied in this excerpt.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 13921-13927
quote_or_summary: Sale's note says theft punishment is applied only above a value
threshold and then proceeds through a sequence of limb amputations for repeated
offenses, followed by discretionary scourging.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 13928-13933
quote_or_summary: Sale's note says repentance avoids hereafter punishment but not
earthly law or restitution; al Shafei is reported to exempt punishment if the
wronged party forgives before magistrate referral.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 13945-13960
quote_or_summary: Sale's note describes Jewish adulterers brought before Mohammed;
he pronounces stoning, and the sentence is accepted after Ebn Suriya acknowledges
the law.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 13972-13974
quote_or_summary: The passage asks how they will submit to Mohammed's decision when
they have the law containing God's judgment, then says they turn their backs and
are not true believers.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 13975-13980
quote_or_summary: The law is sent down with direction and light; prophets, doctors,
and priests judge by the book of God entrusted to them, and people are told not
to sell God's signs cheaply.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 13981-13985
quote_or_summary: The passage commands equivalent retaliation—life for life and
body part for body part—and says remission as alms is accepted as atonement.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 13986-13992
quote_or_summary: Jesus son of Mary follows the prophets, confirms the prior law,
and receives the Gospel containing direction and light; Gospel-recipients are
told to judge by what God revealed.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 13993-13998
quote_or_summary: The Koran is sent down with truth, confirming and preserving prior
scripture; each community has a law and open path, differences serve as a divine
test, and all return to God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: Literal extraction is strong because the passage directly states legal and
revelatory themes. Motif taxonomy assignments are more interpretive, especially
covenant, wisdom, sacred_exchange, and initiation.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. Qur'anic text and Sale's notes are both represented because both appear within the provided line range.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l13921-l13998
passage_sha256=25b8ca27efa0c43d6cb69142ca2ca5b08a2176926fb3e7617901d2b04c47fa3f