batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l1353-l1403
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l1353-l1403
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: A TABLE OF THE CHAPTERS / THE KORAN. / PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE / SECTION I.;
lines 1353-1403
start: '1353'
end: '1403'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage gives a historical account of several pre- and early-Islamic
Arabian kingdoms and tribes, including Ghassan, Hira, Jorham, the descendants
of Ismael, Koreish, Khozah, and Kenda. It describes dynastic foundations, reign
lengths, alliances with Roman and Persian powers, succession by marriage or resignation
of a crown, expulsion of tribes, destruction by inundation, Meccan aristocratic
governance, and custody of the Caaba.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The kingdom of Ghassan is said to have been founded by people of the tribe
of Azd who settled in Syria Damascena near a water called Ghassan and took their
name from it.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The Ghassan founders drove out the Dajaamian Arabs of the tribe of Salih,
who had previously possessed the country.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: The Ghassan kingdom is reported to have lasted 400 years, 600 years, or 616
years according to different authorities.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:4
text: The last Ghassan king, Jabalah son of al Ayham, professed Mohammedism under
the Khalif Omar, then returned to his former faith and retired to Constantinople.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: The kingdom of Hira was founded by Malec, and after three descents the throne
came by marriage to the Lakhmians, also called the Mondars.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: The Hira princes are described as being under the protection of the kings
of Persia and as lieutenants over the Arabs of Irak.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:7
text: Al Mondar al Maghrur, the last ruler of Hira, lost his life and crown by the
arms of Khaled Ebn al Walid during the Khalifat of Abubecr.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:8
text: Jorham son of Kahtan reigned in Hejaz, and his posterity held the throne until
the time of Ismael.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:9
text: After Ismael married the daughter of Modad and had twelve sons, Kidar is said
in one account to have received the crown from his Jorhamite uncles.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:10
text: Another account says the descendants of Ismael expelled the Jorhamites, who
later retired to Johainah and were eventually destroyed by an inundation.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:11
text: After the expulsion of the Jorhamites, government in Hejaz is described as
divided among tribal heads rather than held by one prince.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:12
text: At Mecca an aristocracy prevailed, with the chief management of affairs in
the tribe of Koreish, especially after they obtained custody of the Caaba from
Khozah.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Tribe of Azd
description: Founders of the kingdom of Ghassan who settled near the water called
Ghassan.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Kingdom and princes of Ghassan
description: Arab kingdom in Syria Damascena associated with the tribe of Azd, Christian
rulers, and service for the Roman emperors over Arabs of Syria.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Jabalah son of al Ayham
description: Last king of Ghassan; professed Mohammedism under Omar, then returned
to his former faith and retired to Constantinople.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Kingdom and princes of Hira
description: Arab kingdom in Chaldea or Irak founded by Malec, later ruled by Lakhmians
or Mondars under Persian protection.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Malec
description: Founder of the kingdom of Hira, described as of the descendants of
Cahlan.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Al Mondar al Maghrur
description: Last ruler of Hira, who lost life and crown by the arms of Khaled Ebn
al Walid.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Jorhamites
description: Posterity of Jorham who held the throne in Hejaz until the time of
Ismael; later described as expelled or displaced and ultimately destroyed by inundation
in one account.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Ismael
description: Figure whose marriage to the daughter of Modad is connected with a
later transfer of the crown to Kidar or with the expulsion of the Jorhamites by
his descendants.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Kidar
description: One of the twelve sons of Ismael, said in one account to have received
the crown from his Jorhamite uncles.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Koreish
description: Tribe holding chief management of affairs at Mecca after gaining custody
of the Caaba from Khozah.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Khozah
description: Tribe from whom the Koreish obtained custody of the Caaba.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
roles:
- id: role:1
label: founder
assigned_to:
- fig:1
- fig:5
basis: The passage identifies the Azd as founders of Ghassan and Malec as founder
of Hira.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: role:2
label: client rulers under imperial protection
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:4
basis: Ghassan rulers are compared to lieutenants for Roman emperors over Arabs
of Syria, while Hira rulers are described as under Persian protection over Arabs
of Irak.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:3
label: last king who changes religious profession and retires
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Jabalah is described as the last king of Ghassan who professed Mohammedism,
returned to his former faith, and retired to Constantinople.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:4
label: dynastic recipients by marriage
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The throne of Hira is said to have come by marriage to the Lakhmians or Mondars.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:5
label: defeated last king
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Al Mondar al Maghrur is identified as the last ruler of Hira and as losing
life and crown by arms.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:6
label: displaced tribe
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The Jorhamites are described as yielding the crown in one account or being
expelled in another, later destroyed by inundation.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:7
label: marriage-linked ancestor
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Ismael's marriage to the daughter of Modad and his twelve sons are linked
to accounts of succession and expulsion.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:8
label: successor receiving crown
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: Kidar is said to have had the crown resigned to him by his Jorhamite uncles.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:9
label: Meccan governing tribe and Caaba custodians
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: Koreish are described as holding chief management at Mecca, especially after
gaining custody of the Caaba.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:10
label: former custodians of the Caaba
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: Khozah are named as the tribe from whom Koreish obtained custody of the Caaba.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: water of Ghassan
literal_form: A water called Ghassan near which the Azd settled and from which they
took their name.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: inundation
literal_form: An inundation that destroyed the Jorhamites after their retirement
to Johainah, according to one account.
associated_figures:
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:3
label: crown
literal_form: The crown resigned to Kidar in one account and lost by al Mondar al
Maghrur in another.
associated_figures:
- fig:6
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: sym:4
label: Caaba custody
literal_form: Custody of the Caaba transferred from Khozah to Koreish, associated
with Meccan political management.
associated_figures:
- fig:10
- fig:11
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Foundation and rule of Ghassan
summary: The Azd settle near the water called Ghassan, take their name from it,
expel earlier occupants, and maintain a kingdom whose rulers include Christian
princes and the last king Jabalah.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Dynastic succession and fall of Hira
summary: Hira is founded by Malec, later passes by marriage to the Lakhmians or
Mondars, exists under Persian protection, and ends with the defeat and death of
al Mondar al Maghrur.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:3
label: Jorhamite displacement and Ismaelite succession traditions
summary: Jorham's descendants rule in Hejaz until Ismael; after Ismael's marriage
and sons, one account has Kidar receive the crown, while another has Ismael's
descendants expel the Jorhamites, who are eventually destroyed by inundation.
figure_refs:
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:4
label: Meccan aristocracy and Caaba custody
summary: Following the Jorhamite expulsion, Hejaz governance is divided among tribal
heads, and Mecca is governed aristocratically with Koreish holding chief management
after obtaining custody of the Caaba from Khozah.
figure_refs:
- fig:10
- fig:11
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: dynastic succession through marriage, resignation, and conquest
taxonomy_refs:
- royal_legitimacy
basis: The passage repeatedly describes royal authority through founding lineages,
marriage-based transfer of the Hira throne, the crown resigned to Kidar, and the
loss of life and crown by Hira's last king.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage is historical prose rather than a mythic narrative; the motif
identification is based on recurring succession language rather than explicit
ritual or divine legitimation.
- id: motif:2
label: tribal destruction by inundation
taxonomy_refs:
- flood_and_renewal
basis: One account says the expelled Jorhamites retired to Johainah and were eventually
destroyed by an inundation.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
confidence: low
cautions: Only destruction by inundation is stated; no renewal, cosmic flood, survivor
pattern, or divine cause is supplied in the passage.
- id: motif:3
label: custody of a central sanctuary linked to political authority
taxonomy_refs:
- royal_legitimacy
basis: Meccan political management by Koreish is especially noted after they obtained
custody of the Caaba from Khozah.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage does not elaborate the ritual meaning of the Caaba here; the
motif is limited to custody of the site as connected with civic authority.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 1353-1362
quote_or_summary: The Azd founded Ghassan by settling near a water called Ghassan,
took their name from it, drove out earlier Arab occupants, and maintained the
kingdom for a reported 400, 600, or 616 years.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary provided.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 1362-1367
quote_or_summary: The Ghassan tribe were Christians; their last king Jabalah son
of al Ayham professed Mohammedism under Omar, then returned to his former faith
and retired to Constantinople.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary provided.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 1368-1380
quote_or_summary: Hira was founded by Malec; after three descents its throne came
by marriage to the Lakhmians or Mondars, who ruled until the last king al Mondar
al Maghrur lost his life and crown by Khaled Ebn al Walid; Hira rulers served
under Persian protection as Ghassan rulers served Roman emperors.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary provided.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 1381-1388
quote_or_summary: Jorham son of Kahtan ruled Hejaz; after Ismael married the daughter
of Modad and had twelve sons, Kidar received the crown in one account, while another
says Ismael's descendants expelled the Jorhamites, who later were destroyed by
inundation.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary provided.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 1391-1399
quote_or_summary: After the Jorhamite expulsion, Hejaz governance was divided among
tribal heads; at Mecca an aristocracy prevailed, with Koreish managing affairs
after gaining custody of the Caaba from Khozah.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary provided.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 1400-1403
quote_or_summary: Other lesser tribal states are mentioned, especially Kenda; after
Mohammed, Arabia was under the Khalifs his successors for about three centuries.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary provided.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: high
notes: The passage is mostly historical and genealogical rather than mythic. Literal
extraction is straightforward; motif candidates are cautious and limited to recurrent
succession, water-destruction, and sanctuary-custody patterns. No comparison claims
were made.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Used only supplied passage text and metadata. No external identifications or taxonomy references beyond those provided were added.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l1353-l1403
passage_sha256=4ead201232783fe5334b27133ec3a637a23709114d2fe4709ff2621bcdd0eb6a