batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l13267-l13364
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l13267-l13364
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: CHAPTER III. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER IV. / IN THE
NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD; lines 13267-13364
start: '13267'
end: '13364'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: O true believers, observe justice when ye bear witness before GOD
summary: The passage contains commentary on inheritance and marital-rights issues,
followed by commands to believers to bear just witness, believe fully in God,
the apostle, scriptures, angels, apostles, and the last day, avoid unbelieving
protectors and mockers of God's signs, and beware hypocrisy; it also states that
God will judge on the day of resurrection and gather the ungodly and unbelievers
in hell.
language: English
quote_policy: quoted
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The commentary says pagan Arabs wronged female orphans by compelling marriage
or preventing marriage in order to keep property belonging to them.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The commentary says male children of tender years were formerly allowed no
share in their parents' estate in pagan Arab custom.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: Believers are commanded to observe justice when bearing witness before God,
even against themselves, parents, or relations.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: Believers are commanded to believe in God, his apostle, the book sent down
to the apostle, earlier books, angels, scriptures, apostles, and the last day.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: The passage says repeated belief, disbelief, and increase in infidelity will
not be forgiven by God nor directed into the right way.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:6
text: The ungodly are declared to face painful punishment.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:7
text: The passage says all power belongs to God and questions those who seek power
by taking unbelievers as protectors besides the faithful.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:8
text: Believers are told not to sit with people who disbelieve and mock the signs
of God until they engage in different discourse.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: God is said to gather the ungodly and unbelievers together in hell.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:10
text: The passage describes opportunists who claim association with believers after
victory and claim advantage with infidels after the infidels gain benefit.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:11
text: God is said to judge between the parties on the day of resurrection and not
grant unbelievers means to prevail over the faithful.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:12
text: Hypocrites are described as acting deceitfully with God, standing carelessly
in prayer to be seen by men, remembering God only a little, and wavering between
faith and infidelity.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: God is addressed as the authority before whom witness is borne, the
one acquainted with actions, the source of power, the judge on the day of resurrection,
and the one who gathers the ungodly and unbelievers in hell.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: true believers
description: The addressed group commanded to practice justice, believe fully, avoid
unbelieving protectors, and avoid those mocking God's signs.
role_refs:
- role:3
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: the apostle
description: The apostle is named as the recipient of the book caused to descend
by God.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: unbelievers / infidels
description: A group contrasted with the faithful; some are taken as protectors,
gain temporary advantage, and are said to be gathered in hell with the ungodly.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: ungodly
description: Those declared to suffer painful punishment and to be gathered with
unbelievers in hell.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: hypocrites
description: Those described as deceiving, praying carelessly for display, remembering
God little, and wavering between faith and infidelity.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: female orphans
description: In the commentary, female orphans are described as being wronged in
marriage and property matters under pagan Arab custom.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: male children of tender years
description: In the commentary, young male children are described as formerly denied
a share in their parents' estate.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine judge
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God is said to judge between parties on the day of resurrection and to be
acquainted with what people do.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:7
- id: role:2
label: source of power and guidance
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The passage states that all power belongs to God and that one led astray
by God has no true path.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:8
- id: role:3
label: commanded witnesses
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Believers are commanded to observe justice when bearing witness.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:4
label: faithful community
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Believers are instructed to believe fully and not to take unbelievers as
protectors besides the faithful.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:7
- id: role:5
label: recipient of revealed book
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The book is described as caused to descend unto God's apostle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:6
label: condemned opponents
assigned_to:
- fig:4
- fig:5
basis: The ungodly and unbelievers are associated with painful punishment, hell,
and judgment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: role:7
label: wavering deceivers
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Hypocrites are described as deceitful, performative in prayer, and wavering
between faith and infidelity.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:8
label: vulnerable heirs
assigned_to:
- fig:7
- fig:8
basis: The commentary describes female orphans and young male children as disadvantaged
in inheritance or marriage-property customs.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: revealed book
literal_form: the book caused to descend unto the apostle, and former books sent
down
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:2
label: signs of God
literal_form: signs of God heard and mocked by unbelievers
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:3
label: hell
literal_form: hell as the place where God gathers the ungodly and unbelievers
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:4
label: last day / day of resurrection
literal_form: the last day and the day of resurrection
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:7
- id: sym:5
label: right way / true path
literal_form: right way and true path as terms for divine direction
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:8
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Commentary on vulnerable heirs and marital rights
summary: The notes describe disputed inheritance shares, wrongs against female orphans,
exclusion of young male children from estates in pagan custom, and marital compromise
involving dower or dues.
figure_refs:
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Command to bear just witness
summary: Believers are instructed to uphold justice in testimony before God, regardless
of self-interest, kinship, wealth, or poverty.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Full belief and consequences of disbelief
summary: Believers are commanded to believe in God, the apostle, revealed books,
angels, apostles, and the last day; disbelief and repeated apostasy are condemned.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:4
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: scene:4
label: Separation from mockers and divine gathering in hell
summary: The passage warns against taking unbelievers as protectors, instructs believers
not to sit with those who mock God's signs, and states that God will gather the
ungodly and unbelievers in hell.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: scene:5
label: Opportunism, resurrection judgment, and hypocrisy
summary: Opportunists shift allegiance according to victory or advantage; God will
judge on the day of resurrection, and hypocrites are described as deceitful, performative
in prayer, and wavering.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: divine judgment over rival communities
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: God is described as judging between parties on the day of resurrection, knowing
deeds, punishing the ungodly, and gathering the ungodly and unbelievers in hell.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
confidence: high
cautions: The passage is legal and exhortatory as well as eschatological; the motif
label captures only the judgment elements.
- id: motif:2
label: resurrection as final judgment setting
taxonomy_refs:
- resurrection
basis: The last day and day of resurrection are explicitly named as matters of belief
and as the time when God judges between groups.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:7
confidence: high
cautions: The passage mentions resurrection as judgment time, not a narrated resurrection
event.
- id: motif:3
label: covenantal fidelity through complete belief
taxonomy_refs:
- covenant
basis: Believers are commanded to believe in God, the apostle, revealed books, angels,
apostles, and the last day, while partial or repeated disbelief is condemned.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
confidence: medium
cautions: The term covenant is not used in the passage; the motif is inferred from
obligations of fidelity and belief.
- id: motif:4
label: moral testing through truthful witness
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: The passage frames justice in testimony as an obligation before God, even
against oneself or kin and regardless of wealth or poverty.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
confidence: medium
cautions: The available taxonomy has no specific legal-justice motif; the wisdom
reference is broad.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 13267-13294
quote_or_summary: 'Commentary explains inheritance and marital-rights issues: female
orphans could be compelled or prevented from marrying for property reasons; young
male children were excluded from estates; wives could remit part of dower or dues.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from provided passage.
- id: ev:2
type: quote
locator: 13295-13300
quote_or_summary: "“O true believers, observe justice when ye bear witness before
GOD, although it be against yourselves, or your parents, or relations.”"
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt from provided passage.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 13301-13306
quote_or_summary: Believers are told to believe in God, his apostle, the book sent
down to the apostle, former books, angels, scriptures, apostles, and the last
day.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from provided passage.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 13307-13310
quote_or_summary: Those who believe, then disbelieve, then believe and disbelieve
again while increasing in infidelity will not be forgiven or directed into the
right way by God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from provided passage.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 13311-13315
quote_or_summary: The ungodly are declared to suffer painful punishment; those who
take unbelievers as protectors are questioned because all power belongs to God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from provided passage.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 13316-13322
quote_or_summary: When God's signs are disbelieved and mocked, believers are told
not to sit with the mockers until the discourse changes; God will gather the ungodly
and unbelievers in hell.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from provided passage.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 13323-13332
quote_or_summary: Opportunists claim association with believers after God grants
victory and claim advantage with infidels after the infidels gain benefit; God
will judge between them on the day of resurrection.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from provided passage.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 13333-13342
quote_or_summary: Hypocrites are described as deceiving, praying carelessly to be
seen by men, remembering God only a little, wavering between faith and infidelity,
and lacking a true path if God leads them astray.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized from provided passage.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: Main legal, exhortatory, and eschatological elements are explicit. Some motif
assignments, especially covenant and wisdom, are broader taxonomy fits and should
be reviewed.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
No comparison claims were added because the passage itself does not make an explicit cross-traditional or comparative claim.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l13267-l13364
passage_sha256=a9e19abfc7d699251c6d2b638781d606f383045b4ef07960977e371424462f23