batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l12961-l13033
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l12961-l13033
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: CHAPTER III. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER IV. / IN THE
NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD; lines 12961-13033
start: '12961'
end: '13033'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage gives rules for relations with hostile, neutral, allied, and
wavering groups; forbids believers from killing believers except by mistake; prescribes
manumission, compensation, and fasting as penalties for accidental killing; warns
of hell and divine anger for intentional killing of a believer; and instructs
believers on military expeditions not to reject the claim of faith made by one
who greets them.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The addressees are told not to take friends or helpers from those who want
them to become infidels until such people leave their country for the religion
of God.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Exceptions are made for those who go to a people allied with the addressees
or who come unwilling to fight either the addressees or their own people.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: If certain opponents depart, do not fight, and offer peace, the passage says
God does not allow the addressees to take or kill them.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: Another group is described as seeking confidence with both the believers and
their own people, and as returning to sedition.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: A believer is not lawfully to kill a believer unless the killing happens by
mistake.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:6
text: For killing a believer by mistake, the passage prescribes freeing a believing
slave and paying a fine to the deceased person's family unless they remit it as
alms.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:7
text: If the accidental killer cannot perform the prescribed compensation, the passage
prescribes fasting two consecutive months as penance from God.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:8
text: Whoever deliberately kills a believer is assigned hell, divine anger, curse,
and a great punishment.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: Believers on a march in defense of the true religion are told to discern justly
those they meet.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:10
text: The addressees are told not to say to one who salutes them that he is not
a true believer in order to seek goods of the present life.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:11
text: The footnotes identify some groups mentioned in the passage as particular
tribes or tribal groupings, and connect the accidental-killing rule and the warning
against rash judgment to reported occasions of revelation.
category: other
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:10
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: God is invoked as the authority who permits or forbids actions, prescribes
penance, knows and judges, and prepares punishment.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: True believers
description: The addressed community, instructed on alliance, war, accidental killing,
penance, and discernment during a march.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- ev:7
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Infidels who desire the believers to become infidels
description: A group said to desire that the addressees become infidels like themselves.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: People allied with the believers
description: A people in alliance with the addressees, to whom some exceptions may
go.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: People unwilling to fight either side
description: Those who come to the believers with hearts forbidding them to fight
either the believers or their own people.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Double-confidence group
description: Others who want confidence with the believers while preserving confidence
with their own people, and who return to sedition.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Believer killed by mistake
description: A believer whose death occurs by mistake, triggering prescribed compensation
and penance.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Family of the deceased
description: The family to whom a fine is to be paid unless they remit it as alms.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Deliberate killer of a believer
description: One who knowingly kills a believer and is threatened with hell, divine
anger, curse, and punishment.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Person who salutes the believers
description: A person met on a march who offers a salutation and is not to be rejected
as a true believer for material gain.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Commentarial tribes and named persons
description: Footnotes mention tribes such as Khozah, Aslamians, Modlaj, Asad, Ghatfan,
Banu Abdaldr, and persons connected to reported occasions of revelation.
role_refs:
- role:12
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine lawgiver
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The passage states what God allows or does not allow and presents penance
as enjoined from God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:5
- id: role:2
label: divine judge and punisher
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God is said to be angry, to curse, and to prepare punishment for the deliberate
killer.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:3
label: addressed believing community
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Commands are addressed to true believers concerning military, legal, and
discernment conduct.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- ev:7
- id: role:4
label: hostile religious outsiders or turn-backs
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: They are described as desiring the believers' infidelity and as potential
enemies if they turn back from the faith.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:5
label: allied protected group
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The passage exempts those who go to people in alliance with the believers.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:6
label: neutral noncombatants
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: They are described as unwilling to fight either the believers or their own
people.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:7
label: wavering or duplicitous group
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: They seek confidence with both sides and return to sedition.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:8
label: accidental victim
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The passage discusses a believer killed by mistake.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:9
label: compensation recipients
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: The family of the deceased receives the fine unless they remit it.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:10
label: intentional murderer
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: The figure deliberately kills a believer and receives threatened punishment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:11
label: claimant to belief encountered in war
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: The person salutes the believers and must not be dismissed as not a true
believer for worldly goods.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:12
label: commentarial historical exempla
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: The notes identify tribes and individuals said to correspond to or explain
the passage.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: hell
literal_form: hell as the assigned place or reward for deliberate killing of a believer
associated_figures:
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:2
label: freeing a believer from slavery
literal_form: manumission of a believing slave as penalty for accidental killing
associated_figures:
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:3
label: fine to the family
literal_form: payment to the family of the deceased, with possible remission as
alms
associated_figures:
- fig:7
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:4
label: two-month fast
literal_form: fasting two consecutive months as penance when compensation cannot
be performed
associated_figures:
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:5
label: salutation as sign of belief
literal_form: a salutation offered by a person met during a march
associated_figures:
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:6
label: goods of the present life
literal_form: material goods sought by judging someone an infidel
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Rules for hostile, allied, and neutral groups
summary: The passage distinguishes hostile infidels or apostates from allied or
neutral groups and sets conditions under which fighting or restraint is commanded.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Wavering group and sedition
summary: A group seeking confidence with both sides is described; if they do not
depart, offer peace, and restrain from war, the believers are granted power against
them.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:6
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:3
label: Accidental killing and penance
summary: The passage sets penalties for a believer who kills a believer by mistake,
including manumission, compensation, possible remission by the family, and fasting
if unable to pay.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: scene:4
label: Deliberate killing and divine punishment
summary: The deliberate killer of a believer is assigned hell, divine anger, curse,
and a great punishment.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:9
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: scene:5
label: Discernment on a religious march
summary: Believers on a march are told to judge fairly one who greets them and not
reject his claim to belief for worldly spoil.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:6
label: Sale's explanatory notes
summary: The notes supply tribal identifications and reported circumstances for
the passage's rules about neutrality, wavering allegiance, accidental killing,
and rash judgment.
figure_refs:
- fig:11
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Divine judgment for deliberate killing
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage presents intentional killing of a believer as receiving hell,
divine anger, curse, and a prepared punishment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
confidence: high
cautions: This is a legal-theological warning within the passage, not a narrative
judgment scene.
- id: motif:2
label: Covenant boundary between allies, neutrals, and enemies
taxonomy_refs:
- covenant
basis: The passage differentiates people in alliance, those offering peace, and
those returning to sedition, with corresponding commands about restraint or force.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage uses alliance and peace rules rather than a formal covenant-making
episode.
- id: motif:3
label: Expiation for accidental bloodshed
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Accidental killing of a believer requires manumission, compensation to the
family, and fasting when the killer cannot fulfill the other requirements.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: No available taxonomy reference exactly names legal expiation or blood-compensation.
- id: motif:4
label: Testing or recognizing true religious identity in conflict
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage warns believers not to deny the faith of a person who salutes
them during a march for the sake of material goods.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage gives an ethical-legal instruction rather than a developed
ordeal or test narrative.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 12961-12966
quote_or_summary: Those who want the believers to become infidels are not to be
taken as friends until they leave their country for God's religion; if they turn
back, the addressees are told not to take them as friends or helpers.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 12967-12974
quote_or_summary: Exceptions are given for those who go to an allied people or who
are unwilling to fight either side; if they depart, do not fight, and offer peace,
God does not allow taking or killing them.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 12975-12981
quote_or_summary: Another group desires confidence with the believers and with its
own people; when they return to sedition they are subverted, and if they do not
offer peace and restrain war, the believers are granted power over them.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 12982-12989
quote_or_summary: A believer may not lawfully kill a believer except by mistake;
accidental killing requires freeing a believer from slavery and, in some cases,
paying a fine to the family unless they remit it as alms.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 12989-12992
quote_or_summary: If the killer cannot perform the required compensation, he is
to fast two consecutive months as penance enjoined from God, who is knowing and
wise.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 12993-12996
quote_or_summary: Whoever kills a believer intentionally is assigned hell, divine
anger, curse, and a great punishment.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 12997-13004
quote_or_summary: Believers on a march are told to discern justly and not to say
to one who salutes them that he is not a true believer while seeking the goods
of the present life.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 13005-13018
quote_or_summary: Sale's notes identify groups connected with the alliance, neutrality,
and double-confidence passages, naming tribes such as Khozah, the Aslamians, Modlaj,
Asad, Ghatfan, and Banu Abdaldr.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 13019-13027
quote_or_summary: Sale's notes explain the accidental-killing rule by reference
to Aysh Ebn Abi Raba killing Hareth Ebn Zeid without knowing he had embraced Mohammedism,
and explain inheritance-related details of the fine.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: 13028-13033
quote_or_summary: Sale's notes explain the warning about salutation as responding
to cases where persons declaring themselves Muslims were slain and plundered under
the pretext that they feigned belief.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: The passage is primarily legal and exhortative, so motif extraction is limited
to explicit recurring patterns such as divine judgment, alliance boundaries, expiation,
and recognition of religious identity. No comparison claims were added because
the passage itself does not support cross-traditional comparison.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Used only the supplied passage text, metadata, and available taxonomy references. Footnotes were treated as part of the supplied passage but distinguished from the main translated text.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l12961-l13033
passage_sha256=66c67d1db7c39fc427f3b7afa27e0cf0400d0aa713f313eb2ab3cdbb19a031da