Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l12614-l12712

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l12614-l12712

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l12614-l12712
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER III. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER IV. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD; lines 12614-12712
  start: '12614'
  end: '12712'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage describes a last-day witnessing against unbelievers, rules
    for prayer purity and substitution with clean sand when water is unavailable,
    criticism of some recipients of scripture for distorting words and believing in
    idols, warnings of divine curse and non-pardon for associating others with God,
    contrasting punishments in hell fire with rewards in gardens watered by rivers,
    and commands to restore trusts and judge equitably.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: On a future day, a witness is brought from each nation, and Mohammed is brought
    as witness against his people.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Unbelievers and those who rebelled against the apostle are said to wish the
    earth were levelled with them and to be unable to hide anything from God.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: Believers are instructed not to approach prayers while drunk until they understand
    what they say.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: Believers in certain states of impurity are instructed to wash, or, if sick,
    travelling, or without water, to rub faces and hands with fine clean sand.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: Some recipients of scripture are accused of selling error, desiring others
    to wander from the right way, and perverting words from their places.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: A warning is addressed to those given scripture to believe in the sent-down
    revelation before their countenances are defaced or they are cursed as Sabbath
    transgressors were cursed.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: Giving God an equal or companion is described as a great wickedness that God
    will not pardon, while other sin may be pardoned to whom he pleases.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: Some people given scripture are said to believe in false gods and idols and
    to favor unbelievers over believers in Mohammed.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: The family of Abraham is said to have received a book of revelations, wisdom,
    and a great kingdom.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:10
  text: Those who disbelieve God’s signs are threatened with being cast into hell
    fire; when their skins are burned, other skins are given in exchange so that they
    may taste sharper torment.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:11
  text: Those who believe and do right are promised gardens watered by rivers, permanent
    dwelling, purified wives, and perpetual shade.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:12
  text: God commands restoration of entrusted things to owners and equitable judgment
    between people.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: The divine speaker and judge who witnesses, curses, pardons, punishes,
    rewards, commands, hears, and sees.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Mohammed
  description: Addressed as a witness against his people and as the figure in whom
    some believe or from whom some turn aside.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:7
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Unbelievers and rebels against the apostle
  description: Those who have not believed and have rebelled against the apostle,
    and who face exposure on the day of witnessing.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: True believers
  description: Those addressed with instructions about prayer, purity, and conduct.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:10
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Those to whom scripture was given
  description: A group described as having received part of scripture and, in some
    cases, as distorting words, believing in idols, or being addressed with a warning
    to believe the revelation.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Family of Abraham
  description: A family formerly given a book of revelations, wisdom, and a great
    kingdom.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Those who disbelieve God’s signs
  description: Those threatened with being broiled in hell fire and given replacement
    skins.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Those who believe and do right
  description: Those promised gardens watered by rivers, permanent dwelling, purified
    wives, and shade.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine judge
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God brings witnesses, knows what cannot be hidden, curses, pardons or withholds
    pardon, and assigns punishment and reward.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:2
  label: divine lawgiver
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God commands restoration of trusts and equitable judgment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:3
  label: divine helper and patron
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God is described as a sufficient patron and helper.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:4
  label: prophetic witness
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Mohammed is said to be brought as a witness against his people.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:5
  label: judged unbelievers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  basis: Unbelievers are exposed on the day of witnessing and disbelievers of God’s
    signs are threatened with hell fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:8
- id: role:6
  label: ritual and ethical addressees
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: True believers receive instructions about prayer, purification, restoration
    of trusts, and judgment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:10
- id: role:7
  label: scripture recipients under rebuke
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Those given scripture are accused of error, word-perversion, and belief in
    idols, and are warned to believe the sent-down revelation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
- id: role:8
  label: recipients of revelation and kingdom
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The family of Abraham is said to have been given a book of revelations, wisdom,
    and a great kingdom.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:9
  label: afterlife punished
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: They are threatened with being cast into hell fire and receiving replacement
    skins after burning.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:10
  label: afterlife rewarded
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: They are promised gardens watered by rivers, purified wives, and perpetual
    shade.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: witnesses from nations
  literal_form: A witness brought out of each nation, with Mohammed as witness against
    his people.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: levelled earth
  literal_form: The earth wished to be levelled with unbelievers on the day of exposure.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: water for washing
  literal_form: Water used for washing before prayer after impurity.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:4
  label: clean sand for dry purification
  literal_form: Fine clean sand rubbed on faces and hands when water is not found.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:5
  label: scripture and sent-down revelation
  literal_form: Part of scripture, the revelation sent down, and the book of revelations
    given to Abraham’s family.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
- id: sym:6
  label: defaced countenances
  literal_form: Countenances threatened with defacement or being rendered as their
    back parts.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:7
  label: false gods and idols
  literal_form: False gods and idols believed in by some recipients of scripture.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:8
  label: hell fire
  literal_form: Raging fire and hell fire in which disbelievers are broiled.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: sym:9
  label: replacement skins
  literal_form: New skins given in exchange whenever burned skins are consumed, so
    torment continues.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:10
  label: gardens watered by rivers
  literal_form: Gardens watered by rivers where the righteous remain forever.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:11
  label: perpetual shade
  literal_form: Perpetual shades into which the righteous are led.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Witnessing against unbelievers
  summary: A future day is described when witnesses are brought from each nation and
    Mohammed witnesses against his people; unbelievers cannot conceal anything from
    God.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Prayer purity instructions
  summary: Believers are instructed to avoid prayer while drunk and to wash after
    impurity, with clean sand used when water is unavailable under specified conditions.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Rebuke of scripture recipients
  summary: Some who received scripture are accused of selling error, perverting words,
    using derisive speech, believing in idols, and rejecting the revelation.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
- id: scene:4
  label: Warning against associating companions with God
  summary: The passage states that God does not pardon giving him an equal, while
    he may pardon other sins as he pleases.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:5
  label: Abrahamic grant of wisdom and kingdom
  summary: The family of Abraham is said to have received revelation, wisdom, and
    a great kingdom; some believe in Mohammed and some turn away.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:6
  label: Punishment in hell fire
  summary: Disbelievers of God’s signs are threatened with hell fire and repeated
    replacement of burned skins to continue torment.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: scene:7
  label: Reward in gardens
  summary: Believers who do right are promised eternal gardens watered by rivers,
    purified wives, and perpetual shade.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:10
  - sym:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: scene:8
  label: Restoring trusts and judging equitably
  summary: God commands the restoration of entrusted property to owners and equitable
    judgment between people.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: divine judgment with witnesses
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage describes witnesses brought from each nation, Mohammed as witness
    against his people, and unbelievers unable to hide matters from God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: high
  cautions: The extraction identifies a broad motif family rather than a detailed
    narrative episode.
- id: motif:2
  label: ritual purification before prayer
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Believers must avoid prayer while drunk, wash after impurity, and use clean
    sand when water is unavailable.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: No available taxonomy reference directly matches ritual purification.
- id: motif:3
  label: revelation confirmed and distorted
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The passage refers to scripture, sent-down revelation confirming previous
    scripture, and recipients of scripture accused of perverting words; Abraham’s
    family is given revelations and wisdom.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy reference 'wisdom' is supported by the explicit word, but
    the passage primarily concerns revelation and polemic.
- id: motif:4
  label: exclusive worship and rejection of divine companions
  taxonomy_refs:
  - covenant
  basis: The passage states that giving God an equal or companion is a great wickedness
    and contrasts this with belief in false gods and idols.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The word covenant is not used in the passage; the motif is inferred only
    from the obligation of exclusive allegiance to God.
- id: motif:5
  label: hell fire punishment with bodily renewal
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Disbelievers of God’s signs are cast into hell fire, and burned skins are
    replaced so torment continues.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The bodily renewal is punitive here and should not be conflated with salvific
    rebirth.
- id: motif:6
  label: paradisal gardens with rivers and shade
  taxonomy_refs:
  - afterlife_journey_map
  basis: The righteous are promised eternal gardens watered by rivers, purified wives,
    and perpetual shade.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage describes an afterlife destination, not a journey narrative.
- id: motif:7
  label: just stewardship and equitable judgment
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: God commands restoring what is entrusted to owners and judging between people
    according to equity.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: No available taxonomy reference directly matches this ethical-legal motif.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12614-12618
  quote_or_summary: A witness is brought from each nation, Mohammed is brought as
    witness against his people, and unbelievers who rebelled against the apostle cannot
    hide anything from God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12619-12625
  quote_or_summary: Believers are told not to pray while drunk; they must wash after
    impurity, or use clean sand on face and hands if sick, travelling, or without
    water.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12626-12637
  quote_or_summary: Some given scripture are accused of selling error, desiring believers
    to wander, perverting words, and using speech that reviles the true religion;
    God is called a patron and helper.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12638-12643
  quote_or_summary: Those given scripture are told to believe the sent-down revelation
    before their countenances are defaced or they are cursed as those who transgressed
    on the Sabbath were cursed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12644-12647
  quote_or_summary: God will not pardon giving him an equal, but may pardon other
    sin to whom he pleases; giving God a companion is called great wickedness.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12679-12688
  quote_or_summary: Some who received scripture are said to justify themselves, imagine
    a lie against God, believe in false gods and idols, and say unbelievers are more
    rightly guided than believers in Mohammed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12689-12696
  quote_or_summary: Those cursed by God have no helper; the family of Abraham was
    given revelation, wisdom, and a great kingdom; some believe in Mohammed and some
    turn aside from him; hell fire is a sufficient punishment.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12697-12701
  quote_or_summary: Those who disbelieve God’s signs will be cast into hell fire,
    and whenever their skins are burned, other skins will be given in exchange so
    they taste sharper torment.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12702-12705
  quote_or_summary: Those who believe and do right will enter gardens watered by rivers,
    remain forever, enjoy wives free from impurity, and be led into perpetual shade.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12706-12712
  quote_or_summary: God commands restoration of entrusted things to their owners and
    equitable judgment between people; God hears and sees.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Literal passage elements are clear in the supplied text. Motif mapping is
    cautious because available taxonomy categories only partly match several legal,
    ritual, and polemical themes. No comparison claims were made because the passage
    itself does not develop a comparative link beyond its own references to earlier
    scripture and Abrahamic tradition.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the supplied passage and metadata. Footnote explanations were not used to create additional motifs beyond the main passage summaries.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l12614-l12712
  passage_sha256=677e839fd4df65b9b5fd839e46b36ab8842511a580462c1e41fee23731a832e3