batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l1247-l1298
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l1247-l1298
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: A TABLE OF THE CHAPTERS / THE KORAN. / PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE / SECTION I.;
lines 1247-1298
start: '1247'
end: '1298'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: 'The passage summarizes traditions about early Arab peoples and genealogies:
Amalekites associated with Pharaoh and expelled from Egypt; Arabians divided into
lines from Kahtan and Adnan/Ishmael; Ishmael''s descendants assimilated through
alliance and marriage with the Jorhamites; other Arab groups linked to Ham through
Cush; and kingdoms in Yaman and Hejaz founded and governed by descendants of Kahtan,
Hamyar, and Cahlan.'
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The passage says Amalekites possessed the throne of Egypt for several descents
before being expelled by natives and later destroyed by Israelites.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: 'The passage divides present Arabians into two stocks: Kahtan/Joctan and Adnan,
descended from Ishmael son of Abraham and Hagar.'
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: The passage distinguishes categories called pure or genuine Arabs and naturalized
or insititious Arabs.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: The passage states that Ishmael was Hebrew by origin and language and that
his descendants became blended with the Jorhamites after his alliance and marriage
connection.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: The passage says genealogies are seldom traced above Adnan because descents
between Ishmael and Adnan are uncertain.
category: other
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:6
text: The passage says some Arabs were posterity of Ham through Cush and may have
mixed over time with Arabs of another race.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:7
text: The passage says descendants of Kahtan governed Arabians for centuries, with
Yarab founding Yaman and Jorham founding Hejaz.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:8
text: The passage says Saba and Hadramaut were governed by princes of Hamyar, then
the kingdom passed to descendants of Cahlan while retaining the title king of
Hamyar and the general title Tobba.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Amalekites
description: A people said to have possessed the throne of Egypt for several descents
and later to have been expelled and destroyed.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Wald
description: Named as king of the Amalekites and the first who took the name Pharaoh,
according to eastern writers cited in the passage.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Israelites
description: People said to have ultimately destroyed the Amalekites.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Kahtan / Joctan
description: One of the two named stocks from whom present Arabians are said to
descend; identified with Joctan son of Eber.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:6
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Adnan
description: Ancestor descended from Ishmael and acknowledged as father of tribes
because descents from him downward are considered more certain.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Ishmael
description: Son of Abraham and Hagar; described as Hebrew by origin and language,
and as ancestor of Adnan's line.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Abraham
description: Father of Ishmael in the genealogical account.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Hagar
description: Mother of Ishmael in the genealogical account.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Jorhamites
description: Group with whom Ishmael made an alliance and into whose manner of living
and language he assimilated.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: daughter of Modad
description: Woman whose marriage to Ishmael is given as part of Ishmael's alliance
with the Jorhamites.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Sem
description: Ancestor from whose race the Arab tribes named by Arab authors are
said to descend.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Ham
description: Ancestor of other Arabs through his son Cush.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Cush
description: Son of Ham; his name is said to be given in scripture to Arabs and
their country, though rendered Ethiopia in the cited version.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:14
name_or_label: Yarab
description: Son of Kahtan said to have founded the kingdom of Yaman.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:15
name_or_label: Jorham
description: Son of Kahtan said to have founded the kingdom of Hejaz.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:16
name_or_label: tribe of Hamyar
description: Tribe whose princes governed Yaman, especially Saba and Hadramaut,
according to the passage.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:17
name_or_label: Cahlan
description: Brother of Hamyar; his descendants later received the kingdom while
retaining Hamyarite royal titles.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
label: former ruling people later expelled
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: They are said to have possessed Egypt's throne, been expelled by natives,
and later destroyed by Israelites.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: king associated with Pharaoh title
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Wald is named as king and as the first to take the name Pharaoh.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:3
label: destroying people
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The passage says the Amalekites were totally destroyed by the Israelites.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:4
label: genealogical ancestor
assigned_to:
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:11
- fig:12
- fig:13
- fig:17
basis: These figures are used to define descent lines or ancestry of Arab peoples
and tribes.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:7
- id: role:5
label: assimilating ancestor
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Ishmael is described as adapting to Jorhamite life and language, after which
his descendants blended with them.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:6
label: allied host people
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: The Jorhamites are the group with whom Ishmael made an alliance and into
whose customs and language he assimilated.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:7
label: marriage-alliance figure
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: Her marriage to Ishmael is named as part of the alliance with the Jorhamites.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:8
label: kingdom founder
assigned_to:
- fig:14
- fig:15
basis: Yarab is said to have founded Yaman and Jorham Hejaz.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:9
label: governing lineage
assigned_to:
- fig:16
basis: Princes of the tribe of Hamyar are said to have governed Yaman, Saba, and
Hadramaut.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
symbols: []
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Amalekite rule, expulsion, and destruction
summary: The passage recounts that Amalekites ruled in Egypt, were expelled by natives,
and were later destroyed by Israelites.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Two-stock genealogy of Arabians
summary: Arabians are presented as descending from Kahtan/Joctan and Adnan, the
latter traced to Ishmael, Abraham, and Hagar, with categories of pure and naturalized
Arabs.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Ishmael's alliance and assimilation
summary: Ishmael, described as Hebrew in origin and language, allies with the Jorhamites
through marriage and adopts their customs and language, leading to blended descendants.
figure_refs:
- fig:6
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:4
label: Limits of genealogy above Adnan
summary: The passage notes uncertainty between Ishmael and Adnan and says genealogies
are usually traced only to Adnan, whose descendants are considered more certain.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
- fig:6
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:5
label: Cushite ancestry and possible mixing
summary: Other Arabs are attributed to Ham through Cush, with their original settlement
and possible later mixture with other Arabs described.
figure_refs:
- fig:11
- fig:12
- fig:13
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:6
label: Foundation and succession of southern and western Arabian kingdoms
summary: Descendants of Kahtan govern Arabians; Yarab and Jorham found Yaman and
Hejaz, while Hamyarite and Cahlanite lines are associated with rule and royal
titles.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
- fig:14
- fig:15
- fig:16
- fig:17
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Genealogical origin of peoples from named ancestors
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage repeatedly explains Arab groups through descent from Kahtan,
Adnan, Ishmael, Sem, Ham, and Cush.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: This is a historical-genealogical pattern in Sale's preliminary discourse,
not a mythic narrative episode in the Qur'anic text itself.
- id: motif:2
label: Assimilation through marriage alliance and adoption of language
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Ishmael's descendants become blended with the Jorhamites after he marries
a daughter of Modad and adopts Jorhamite life and language.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: high
cautions: The passage presents this as ethnographic genealogy; no sacred or ritual
meaning is explicitly stated.
- id: motif:3
label: Dynastic foundation and legitimacy through lineage
taxonomy_refs:
- royal_legitimacy
basis: Kingdoms are founded by sons of Kahtan, and later rule is transferred among
related Hamyarite and Cahlanite lines while royal titles are retained.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage supports dynastic lineage and royal titles, but it does not
explicitly state a sacred legitimation doctrine.
- id: motif:4
label: Displacement of former rulers by native and later enemy peoples
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The Amalekites are described as possessing Egypt's throne, being expelled
by natives, and being destroyed by Israelites.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a brief historical claim rather than a developed narrative motif.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage cautiously identifies the Amalekites of eastern writers with
the people Egyptian histories call Phoenician shepherds.
claim_level: same_function
target: 'Egyptian histories: Phoenician shepherds'
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The wording is tentative, and the passage gives only a reported identification,
not detailed comparative evidence.
- id: claim:2
claim: The passage reports that the name Cush in scripture is applied to Arabs and
their country, despite the cited English rendering as Ethiopia.
claim_level: linguistic_similarity
target: Scriptural term Cush / English rendering Ethiopia
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: This is a lexical-geographical claim in the passage; no independent
philological evidence is provided here.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 1247-1251
quote_or_summary: Wald is named as Amalekite king and first to take the name Pharaoh;
the Amalekites are said to correspond to Egyptian histories' Phoenician shepherds,
to have held Egypt's throne, then to have been expelled and destroyed by Israelites.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 1252-1262
quote_or_summary: Present Arabians are said to spring from Kahtan/Joctan and Adnan
descended from Ishmael, with distinctions between pure/genuine Arabs and naturalized
or insititious Arabs.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 1263-1269
quote_or_summary: Ishmael is said to have been Hebrew by origin and language, to
have allied with the Jorhamites by marrying a daughter of Modad, and to have adopted
their manner of living and language so that his descendants blended with them.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 1269-1275
quote_or_summary: Because descents between Ishmael and Adnan are uncertain, genealogies
are usually traced no higher than Adnan; the author mentions forming a genealogical
table from approved authors.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 1276-1285
quote_or_summary: Some Arabs are described as descendants of Ham through Cush; Cush
is said to be used in scripture for Arabs and their country, though rendered Ethiopia;
the Cushites are located near the Euphrates and Persian Gulf and may have later
mixed with other Arabs.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 1286-1289
quote_or_summary: Arabians are said to have been governed for centuries by descendants
of Kahtan; Yarab founded Yaman and Jorham founded Hejaz.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 1290-1298
quote_or_summary: Yaman, especially Saba and Hadramaut, is said to have been governed
by Hamyarite princes; the kingdom later passed to descendants of Cahlan, who retained
the titles king of Hamyar and Tobba.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage is primarily historical-genealogical prose. Motif candidates
are therefore broad patterns rather than developed mythic episodes. Comparison
claims are limited to explicit identifications made by the passage.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
No taxonomy symbol from the provided list is directly present as a symbolic item in this passage.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l1247-l1298
passage_sha256=ad1071b6602724dbd6b937a2c7ac66b4aff8e2f38a9cc71aa95b9af4f4ce7ba3