batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l12095-l12178
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l12095-l12178
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: CHAPTER II. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER III. / IN THE
NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 12095-12178
start: '12095'
end: '12178'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage includes Sale's notes on an incident involving Mohammed's letter
to the Jews of Kainoka, Phineas Ebn Azra's remark about lending to God, Abu Becr's
retaliation, and commentary on Jewish expectations that prophets bring down heavenly
fire to consume sacrifice. It then presents verses affirming God's dominion, signs
in creation, prayers for deliverance from hell fire and shame on the resurrection
day, divine reward for faithful sufferers, gardens with rivers for the righteous,
hell for unbelievers, and the faith of some people of scripture.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Mohammed is described as writing to the Jews of the tribe of Kainoka to invite
them to Islam.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Phineas Ebn Azra is described as saying that God must be poor if borrowing
is requested for him.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: Abu Becr, bearer of the letter, struck Phineas on the face and said he would
have struck off his head if not for the truce.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:4
text: Commentators say the Jews expected Mohammed to bring down fire from heaven
to consume a sacrifice as proof of prophetic mission.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: The commentary cites earlier instances of heavenly fire falling on altars
and states that some Jews expected a restorer of true religion to rekindle this
heavenly fire.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:6
text: Concealing knowledge given by God is associated with a bridle of fire on the
day of resurrection.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:7
text: The verses name the creation of heaven and earth and the alternation of night
and day as signs for those with understanding.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:8
text: The worshippers remember God while standing, sitting, and lying on their sides,
and meditate on creation.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:9
text: The worshippers ask to be delivered from hell fire and say that those thrown
into the fire are covered with shame.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:10
text: The worshippers say they heard a preacher inviting them to faith, believed,
and ask for forgiveness, expiation, death with the righteous, and no shame on
the day of resurrection.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:11
text: God answers that no work will be lost, whether done by male or female.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:12
text: Those who left their country, were driven from houses, suffered for God's
sake, and were slain in battle are promised expiation and entry into gardens watered
by rivers.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:13
text: Unbelievers' prosperity is called a slender provision, and their receptacle
is hell.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:14
text: Those who fear the Lord are promised gardens through which rivers flow, where
they continue forever.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:15
text: Some who have received the scriptures are described as believing in God and
in what has been sent down to both communities, submitting to God, and not selling
God's signs for a small price.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Mohammed
description: Recipient and preacher of revelation; described in the note as writing
to Jews to invite them to Islam.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:7
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Jews of the tribe of Kainoka
description: The group addressed by Mohammed's letter in the note.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Phineas Ebn Azra
description: A Jewish figure in the note who mocks the expression about lending
to God and complains to Mohammed after being struck.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Abu Becr
description: Bearer of Mohammed's letter who strikes Phineas and invokes the truce
as the reason for not killing him.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: God
description: Sovereign of heaven and earth, answerer of prayer, judge, forgiver,
and giver of reward.
role_refs:
- role:6
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Prophets sent to the Jews
description: Figures whom the commentators say were expected to prove mission by
bringing heavenly fire to consume sacrifice.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Those endued with understanding
description: People who perceive signs in creation, remember God, and meditate on
heaven and earth.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Believers who pray
description: Speakers who ask God for deliverance, forgiveness, promised reward,
and protection from shame.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Faithful sufferers
description: Those who left their country, were expelled from houses, suffered for
God's sake, and were slain in battle.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Unbelievers
description: Those whose prosperous dealing in the land should not deceive; their
receptacle is hell.
role_refs:
- role:12
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Those who fear the Lord
description: The righteous who are promised gardens through which rivers flow forever.
role_refs:
- role:13
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Some who have received the scriptures
description: Scripture-holders who believe in God and revelations sent down to both
communities, submitting to God.
role_refs:
- role:14
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
label: messenger inviting to Islam
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The note says Mohammed wrote to invite the Jews of Kainoka to Islam.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: preacher inviting to faith
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The verse speaks of a preacher inviting to faith; in the passage context
this is presented within Mohammed's recitation.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:3
label: addressed Jewish group
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: They are the recipients of the letter mentioned in the note.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:4
label: mocking respondent
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: He responds to the expression about lending to God with a mocking statement
about God being poor.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:5
label: retaliating bearer of letter
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: He carries the letter, strikes Phineas, and references the truce.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:6
label: creator and sovereign
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: The passage states that to God belongs the kingdom of heaven and earth and
mentions creation as signs.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:7
label: judge and rewarder
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: God is asked for deliverance from fire and answers with promises of expiation,
gardens, and reward.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: role:8
label: miracle-working prophetic test figures
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: The commentary describes fire from heaven consuming sacrifice as a proof
expected of prophets sent to the Jews.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:9
label: contemplative worshippers
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: They remember God in bodily postures and meditate on creation.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:10
label: petitioners for salvation
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: They pray for deliverance from fire, forgiveness, expiation, reward, and
no shame on resurrection day.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: role:11
label: persecuted faithful
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: They left country, were expelled, suffered, and were slain for God's sake.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:12
label: destined inhabitants of hell
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: Their prosperity is temporary and their receptacle is hell.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:13
label: righteous recipients of gardens
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: They fear the Lord and receive gardens with flowing rivers forever.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:14
label: faithful scripture-holders
assigned_to:
- fig:12
basis: They believe in God and revelations sent down to both communities and do
not sell God's signs cheaply.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: heavenly fire consuming sacrifice
literal_form: fire from heaven consuming a sacrifice
associated_figures:
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:2
label: maintained altar fire
literal_form: fire that fell from heaven on tabernacle and temple altars and was
maintained by priests
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:3
label: bridle of fire
literal_form: bridle of fire placed on one who conceals God-given knowledge on the
day of resurrection
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:4
label: hell fire
literal_form: fire into which the ungodly are thrown and from which petitioners
ask deliverance
associated_figures:
- fig:5
- fig:8
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:9
- id: sym:5
label: creation signs
literal_form: creation of heaven and earth and alternation of night and day
associated_figures:
- fig:5
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:6
label: gardens watered by rivers
literal_form: gardens watered by rivers and gardens through which rivers flow
associated_figures:
- fig:5
- fig:9
- fig:11
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: sym:7
label: day of resurrection
literal_form: day of resurrection on which shame or fiery punishment may occur
associated_figures:
- fig:5
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:7
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Letter, insult, and retaliation
summary: Mohammed sends a letter inviting the Jews of Kainoka to Islam; Phineas
mocks the expression about lending to God; Abu Becr strikes him and cites the
truce as limiting further violence.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Expectation of heavenly fire as prophetic proof
summary: Commentators report that Jews expected a prophet to bring down fire from
heaven to consume sacrifice, connected with earlier altar-fire traditions and
an expectation that true religion would be restored by rekindling heavenly fire.
figure_refs:
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Concealed knowledge and fiery punishment
summary: Concealing God-given knowledge is linked with being bridled with fire on
the day of resurrection; another note connects concealment of scriptural testimony
with wrongdoing.
figure_refs: []
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: scene:4
label: Contemplation of creation and prayer for deliverance
summary: Those with understanding see signs in creation, remember God in multiple
postures, meditate on heaven and earth, and ask to be delivered from hell fire
and shame.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: scene:5
label: Prayer, divine answer, and promised reward
summary: Believers say they heard a preacher and believed; they ask for forgiveness
and resurrection-day protection; God answers that no work will be lost and promises
expiation and gardens watered by rivers to faithful sufferers.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
- fig:8
- fig:9
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: scene:6
label: Contrasting destinies of unbelievers and the righteous
summary: Unbelievers' prosperity is temporary and leads to hell, while those who
fear the Lord receive gardens with flowing rivers forever.
figure_refs:
- fig:10
- fig:11
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: scene:7
label: Faithful people of scripture
summary: Some scripture-holders are described as believing in God and revelations
sent to both communities, submitting to God, and refusing to sell God's signs
for a small price.
figure_refs:
- fig:12
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: heavenly fire authenticating prophecy and sacrifice
taxonomy_refs:
- sacrifice
basis: The commentary says Jews expected prophets to bring down fire from heaven
to consume sacrifice as proof of mission, and connects this with earlier altar-fire
traditions.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
confidence: high
cautions: This is presented in Sale's commentary about Jewish expectations, not
as a narrative event occurring in the Quranic verse itself.
- id: motif:2
label: fiery punishment at resurrection judgment
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
- resurrection
basis: The passage links the day of resurrection, shame, hell fire, and a bridle
of fire for concealing knowledge.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:9
confidence: high
cautions: The bridle of fire appears in commentary, while hell fire and resurrection-day
shame appear in the translated verses.
- id: motif:3
label: creation as signs for the wise
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: The passage says the creation of heaven and earth and the vicissitude of
night and day are signs for those endowed with understanding, who meditate on
creation.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: The taxonomy reference is broad; the passage uses wisdom-like understanding
rather than a named wisdom figure.
- id: motif:4
label: persecuted faithful rewarded with paradisal gardens
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: Those who leave their country, are expelled, suffer, and are slain for God's
sake are promised expiation and gardens watered by rivers.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
confidence: high
cautions: This is a reward-and-judgment motif rather than a detailed afterlife journey
narrative.
- id: motif:5
label: contrasting afterlife destinations
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
- resurrection
basis: Unbelievers are assigned hell as their receptacle, while those who fear the
Lord receive gardens with rivers forever.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
confidence: high
cautions: The passage contrasts destinations but does not narrate the process of
judgment in detail.
- id: motif:6
label: concealed sacred knowledge punished
taxonomy_refs:
- forbidden_knowledge
- divine_judgment
basis: The note states that whoever conceals knowledge God has given will receive
a bridle of fire on the day of resurrection; another note discusses concealment
of testimonies in the Pentateuch.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
confidence: medium
cautions: The available taxonomy has 'forbidden_knowledge'; here the issue is concealment
of revealed knowledge, not illicit acquisition of forbidden knowledge.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage itself connects the expected miracle of heavenly fire consuming
sacrifice with Biblical altar-fire episodes and Jewish interpretive tradition,
presenting them as a related proof-of-prophecy pattern.
claim_level: same_function
target: Biblical/Jewish traditions of fire descending on altars to consume sacrifice
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The comparison is mediated by Sale's commentary and cited commentators;
it does not establish historical contact beyond what the passage reports.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 12095-12101
quote_or_summary: Mohammed writes to the Jews of Kainoka inviting them to Islam;
Phineas Ebn Azra mocks the phrase about lending to God; Abu Becr strikes him and
says the truce prevents him from killing him.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary supplied.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 12103-12118
quote_or_summary: Commentators say Jews expected prophets to prove their mission
by bringing down fire from heaven to consume sacrifice; the note connects this
to Leviticus, Chronicles, Kings, tabernacle and temple altar fires, and an expectation
that a restorer would rekindle heavenly fire.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary supplied.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 12121-12125
quote_or_summary: The note says one who conceals knowledge God has given will be
given a bridle of fire on the day of resurrection.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary supplied.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 12126-12133
quote_or_summary: The note interprets a passage as referring to concealment or dissembling
of Pentateuchal testimonies concerning Mohammed, or alternatively to hypocritical
pretended Muslims.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary supplied.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 12143-12148
quote_or_summary: God owns the kingdom of heaven and earth; creation and the alternation
of night and day are signs for those with understanding, who remember God standing,
sitting, and lying down and meditate on creation.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary supplied.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 12148-12152
quote_or_summary: The speakers say creation was not made in vain, ask for deliverance
from hell fire, and say those thrown into the fire are covered with shame and
have no helper.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary supplied.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 12153-12159
quote_or_summary: The speakers say they heard a preacher inviting them to faith
and believed; they ask for forgiveness, expiation of evil deeds, death with the
righteous, promised reward, and protection from shame on the day of resurrection.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary supplied.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 12160-12168
quote_or_summary: God answers that no work by male or female will be lost; those
who left country, were expelled, suffered, and were slain for God's sake will
have evil deeds expiated and will enter gardens watered by rivers.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary supplied.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: lines 12169-12175
quote_or_summary: Unbelievers' prosperous dealings are only slender provision and
their receptacle is hell; those who fear the Lord have gardens through which rivers
flow forever.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary supplied.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: lines 12176-12178
quote_or_summary: Some who received the scriptures believe in God, in what was sent
down to Muhammad's community and to themselves, submit to God, and do not sell
God's signs for a small price.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary supplied.
confidence:
extraction: medium
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: Extraction is based only on the supplied English passage and includes both
translated verses and Sale's commentary. Line locators inside the supplied range
are approximate where the prompt did not provide per-line numbering for each sentence.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
All claims are limited to the supplied passage and metadata. No external taxonomy IDs beyond the provided motif family and symbol labels were added.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l12095-l12178
passage_sha256=8eb87d7b0d6b90b8062f092ab217ac9beb9ffcd4fe4a657b531c75d1e53c1392