batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l1192-l1244
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l1192-l1244
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: A TABLE OF THE CHAPTERS / THE KORAN. / PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE / SECTION I.;
lines 1192-1244
start: '1192'
end: '1244'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage recounts Saleh's warning to Thamud, the miraculous she-camel
brought from a rock as proof, the killing of the camel, and the destruction of
Thamud by earthquake and heavenly noise while Saleh and his followers are saved.
It then describes the rock-cut dwellings of Thamud, presents these destructions
as examples of divine judgment on unbelievers, narrates the violent conflict and
extinction of Tasm and Jadis, and notes traditions about Jorham, Noah's ark, and
Amalekite ancestry.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: A small number of Thamud listened to Saleh's remonstrances, while the rest
demanded a sign proving his mission.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The demanded sign was a pregnant she-camel brought out of a rock in the people's
presence.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: After the she-camel appeared, it was immediately delivered of a young one
described as ready weaned.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:4
text: The unbelieving people cut the hamstrings of the camel and killed her.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: Three days after the camel's killing, God struck the offenders dead in their
houses by an earthquake and a terrible noise from heaven.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: Saleh and those reformed by him were saved from the destruction and Saleh
later went to Palestine and Mecca.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:7
text: The passage says the rock-cut habitations of Thamud and the crack of the rock
from which the camel issued were still visible.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:8
text: The passage states that the destructions of the two potent tribes are often
used in the Koran as instances of God's judgment on obstinate unbelievers.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: A ruler of Tasm is said to have made a law requiring maidens of Jadis to be
deflowered by him before marriage.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:10
text: The Jadisians conspired, hid swords in the sand at an entertainment, and killed
the king and chiefs of Tasm.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:11
text: Survivors of Tasm obtained help from the king of Yaman and then destroyed
Jadis.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:12
text: A tradition mentioned in the passage makes an ancestor of Jorham one of the
eighty persons saved in Noah's ark.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Saleh
description: Prophet who remonstrates with Thamud, obtains the she-camel sign from
God, and is saved with those reformed by him.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: People of Thamud
description: Tribe addressed by Saleh; most demand a sign, kill the she-camel, and
are destroyed, while a small number listen and are saved.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: God
description: Divine agent who grants the she-camel sign and later destroys the offenders.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: She-camel and young
description: Miraculous she-camel brought from a rock, immediately delivered of
a young one, later hamstrung and killed.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Gabriel the archangel
description: Some accounts identify the heavenly noise as Gabriel crying aloud for
all to die.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Reformed followers of Saleh
description: Those reformed by Saleh who are saved from the destruction.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Tasm
description: Tribe governing alongside Jadis; its king and chiefs are slain by Jadis,
and survivors later help destroy Jadis.
role_refs:
- role:8
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Jadis
description: Tribe subjected to the ruler's law, then conspiring against Tasm and
later destroyed.
role_refs:
- role:9
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Tyrant ruler of Tasm
description: Unnamed ruler who makes the deflowering law and is slain in the Jadisian
conspiracy.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: King of Yaman
description: Ruler from whom escaped members of Tasm obtain aid against Jadis.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Ancestor of Jorham
description: In one tradition, one of the eighty persons saved in Noah's ark.
role_refs:
- role:12
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Noah
description: Named in the ark tradition associated with the ancestor of Jorham.
role_refs:
- role:13
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
label: prophetic remonstrator
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Saleh remonstrates with Thamud and his mission is tested by a demanded sign.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: sign-demanding unbelievers
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Most of Thamud demand the she-camel proof and do not believe after it appears.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: role:3
label: divine giver of sign and judge
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: God grants the camel sign and later kills the offenders by earthquake and
heavenly noise.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: role:4
label: miraculous proof-victim
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The she-camel emerges from rock as proof and is then killed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: role:5
label: saved remnant
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:6
basis: A small number heed Saleh, and those reformed by him are saved from destruction.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- id: role:6
label: saved prophet
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Saleh is saved and departs after the destruction.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:7
label: heavenly execution voice
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Some say the heavenly noise was Gabriel crying aloud for all to die.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:8
label: tyrannical ruler and ruling group
assigned_to:
- fig:7
- fig:9
basis: Tasm governs, and its ruler imposes the deflowering law.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:9
label: injured conspirators
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Jadis refuses to endure the law, conspires, hides swords, and kills the chiefs
of Tasm.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: role:10
label: avenging survivors and ally
assigned_to:
- fig:7
- fig:10
basis: Escaped members of Tasm obtain aid from the king of Yaman and attack Jadis.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:11
label: destroyed retaliators
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: After killing much of Tasm, Jadis is itself utterly destroyed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:12
label: ark survivor ancestor
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: A tradition makes Jorham's ancestor one of eighty persons saved in Noah's
ark.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: role:13
label: ark-associated patriarch
assigned_to:
- fig:12
basis: Noah is named in the ark tradition cited for Jorham's ancestry.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: she-camel from the rock
literal_form: Pregnant she-camel emerging from a rock and producing a young one
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: rock and crack of emergence
literal_form: Rock from which the camel issued; later described crack sixty cubits
wide
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:5
- id: sym:3
label: earthquake and heavenly noise
literal_form: Earthquake and terrible noise from heaven striking the offenders dead
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:6
- id: sym:4
label: rock-cut habitations
literal_form: Houses or habitations cut out of rocks in Hejr
associated_figures:
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:5
label: hidden swords in sand
literal_form: Swords privately hidden in the sand at an entertainment
associated_figures:
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:6
label: Noah's ark
literal_form: Ark of Noah in which eighty persons are said to have been saved
associated_figures:
- fig:11
- fig:12
taxonomy_refs:
- ark_vessel
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Demand for a sign and miraculous camel
summary: Most of Thamud demand that Saleh produce a pregnant she-camel from a rock
as proof of his mission; God grants the request, and the camel appears with a
young one.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Killing of the camel and divine destruction
summary: After the camel is hamstrung and killed, God destroys the offenders three
days later by earthquake and heavenly noise, with some accounts naming Gabriel's
voice.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: scene:3
label: Saved followers and departure of Saleh
summary: Saleh and the people reformed by him survive the destruction, and Saleh
later goes to Palestine and Mecca.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:6
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:4
label: Visible remains of Thamud
summary: The passage locates Thamud's rock-cut habitations and the crack of the
camel's emergence in Hejr and describes them as visible remains.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:5
label: Tasm and Jadis violence
summary: A tyrant of Tasm imposes a sexual law on Jadis; the Jadisians conspire
and kill the king and chiefs of Tasm, after which Tasm survivors secure aid and
destroy Jadis.
figure_refs:
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: scene:6
label: Jorham ark tradition
summary: A parenthetical tradition states that an ancestor of Jorham was one of
eighty persons saved in Noah's ark.
figure_refs:
- fig:11
- fig:12
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: prophetic sign rejected by unbelievers
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Thamud demands a miraculous sign from Saleh, receives the she-camel, and
still fails to believe.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
confidence: high
cautions: The taxonomy list supplied does not contain a specific sign-rejection
motif.
- id: motif:2
label: divine judgment on obstinate unbelievers
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage explicitly frames the destruction of the tribes as instances
of God's judgment on obstinate unbelievers.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:6
confidence: high
cautions: The passage summarizes Sale's discourse rather than giving a direct Qur'anic
sura text.
- id: motif:3
label: righteous remnant saved from communal destruction
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Saleh and those reformed by him are saved while the offending people are
destroyed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
confidence: medium
cautions: The available taxonomy has no exact remnant-survival category; this is
recorded without a taxonomy reference.
- id: motif:4
label: miraculous animal emerging from stone
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The demanded proof is a pregnant she-camel coming out of a rock and giving
birth immediately.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference directly matches miraculous animal emergence
from rock.
- id: motif:5
label: tyranny answered by banquet ambush and tribal retaliation
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Jadis responds to the tyrant's law by inviting Tasm's king and chiefs to
an entertainment, hiding swords, killing them, and then being destroyed by Tasm
survivors with Yaman's aid.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:9
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a narrative pattern rather than a supplied taxonomy motif.
- id: motif:6
label: ark survival ancestry
taxonomy_refs:
- ark_vessel
basis: A tradition cited in the passage links Jorham's ancestor to the eighty persons
saved in Noah's ark.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
confidence: medium
cautions: The ark reference is parenthetical and genealogical, not a full flood
narrative in this passage.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage itself identifies the tribal destructions as functioning as examples
of divine judgment on obstinate unbelievers.
claim_level: same_function
target: divine_judgment motif family
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: This is a thematic classification stated by the passage, not evidence
for historical relation among separate traditions.
- id: claim:2
claim: The Jorham ancestry note connects a figure to the broader ark-survivor pattern
through Noah's ark.
claim_level: same_motif
target: ark_vessel motif family
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The passage mentions the ark tradition only briefly and does not narrate
the flood or voyage.
- id: claim:3
claim: The passage's footnote compares the Tasm ruler's deflowering custom to alleged
similar customs in England and Scotland.
claim_level: same_function
target: reported culliage custom in England and Scotland
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: low
limitations: The comparison is made in a footnote and concerns a reported legal
custom, not a mythic narrative parallel established by the passage.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 1194-1198
quote_or_summary: A small number of Thamud listen to Saleh, while the rest demand
that he cause a pregnant she-camel to come out of a rock; God grants it, and the
camel is delivered of a weaned young one.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 1198-1199
quote_or_summary: Instead of believing, the people cut the hamstrings of the camel
and kill her.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 1199-1202
quote_or_summary: God is displeased and three days later strikes the offenders dead
in their houses by earthquake and a terrible noise from heaven; some identify
the noise as Gabriel's cry.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 1202-1204
quote_or_summary: Saleh and those reformed by him are saved from the destruction;
Saleh goes to Palestine and then to Mecca, where he dies.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 1204-1208
quote_or_summary: Thamud's habitations cut out of rocks in Hejr are said to remain
visible, along with the crack of the rock from which the camel issued, reported
as sixty cubits wide.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 1209-1210
quote_or_summary: The passage says the tragic destructions of the two potent tribes
are often emphasized in the Koran as examples of God's judgment on obstinate unbelievers.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 1210-1214
quote_or_summary: Tasm and Jadis live together under Tasm's government until a tyrant
makes a law that no maid of Jadis may marry unless first deflowered by him.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 1214-1217
quote_or_summary: The Jadisians conspire, invite the king and chiefs of Tasm to
an entertainment, hide swords in the sand, and kill them, extirpating most of
the tribe.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 1217-1220
quote_or_summary: The few Tasm survivors obtain aid from the king of Yaman, assault
Jadis, and utterly destroy them, after which little is heard of either tribe.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: 1221-1223
quote_or_summary: A Mohammedan tradition is cited in which the ancestor of the former
tribe of Jorham was one of eighty persons saved in Noah's ark; the tribe was contemporary
with Ad and perished.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: 1236-1238
quote_or_summary: A footnote says a like custom was reported in some English manors
and in Scotland under the name culliage.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: Most extraction points are explicit in the passage. Motif labels without
taxonomy references are descriptive and require human review. Comparison claims
are limited to comparisons stated or directly supported by the passage.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
The passage is from Sale's Preliminary Discourse and includes ethnographic, legendary, and footnote material in addition to summaries of Qur'anic themes.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l1192-l1244
passage_sha256=2060abc16d1753eb160b153fa134bdecc92d1ee42c8630b567de1b34924a7d8e