batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l11785-l11858
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l11785-l11858
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: CHAPTER II. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER III. / IN THE
NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 11785-11858
start: '11785'
end: '11858'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage teaches that death occurs only by God's permission and according
to a written determination. It contrasts reward in this world with reward in the
world to come, praises patient perseverance, records a prayer for forgiveness
and help against unbelievers, warns believers not to obey infidels, promises dread
in unbelievers' hearts and hell as their dwelling, and interprets a battle setback
as a trial connected with disobedience, desire for spoil, flight, and divine pardon.
The notes identify the battle context as Ohod/Uhud and explain details about the
bowmen leaving their post, Muhammad calling his followers back, and a divinely
caused panic among the enemy.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The passage states that no soul dies except by God's permission and according
to what is written in a book determining things.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The passage distinguishes between choosing reward in the present world and
choosing reward in the world to come.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: Prophets and their followers are described as encountering large enemy forces
without desponding, weakening, or behaving abjectly.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: The described followers pray for forgiveness, confirmation of their feet,
and help against unbelieving people.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: Believers are warned that obeying infidels will make them turn back and perish.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: God is described as the believers' Lord and best helper.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:7
text: God says dread will be cast into the hearts of unbelievers because they associated
others with God without authority; their dwelling is said to be the fire of hell.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:8
text: The passage says God fulfilled a promise when the believers destroyed their
enemies by his permission, until the believers became faint-hearted, disputed
the apostle's command, and rebelled.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:9
text: Some believers are said to have chosen the present world, while others chose
the world to come.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:10
text: God turned the believers to flight as a trial, then pardoned them.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:11
text: During the flight, the apostle called to the fleeing believers from behind
or the uttermost part of them.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:12
text: The note explains that bowmen left their post to seize plunder, contrary to
Muhammad's orders, allowing Khaled Ebn al Wald to attack their rear with horsemen.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:13
text: The note explains that Muhammad called aloud for the servants of God to return
to him and promised paradise to whoever returned.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: The deity who permits death, gives worldly and otherworldly reward,
loves patient and well-doing people, helps believers, casts dread into unbelievers'
hearts, fulfills a promise, tests and pardons the faithful.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: believers / faithful / Moslems
description: The addressed community who may obey or resist infidels, fight, flee,
choose between worldly and otherworldly reward, and receive trial, affliction,
and pardon.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: prophets and their followers
description: Earlier religious fighters who encountered many troops, remained steadfast,
and prayed for forgiveness and help.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: the apostle / Mohammed
description: The apostle whose command was disputed and who called to the fleeing
believers; the note identifies him as Mohammed.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:7
- ev:9
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: unbelievers / infidels / idolaters / Koreish
description: Opponents of the believers, associated with God what had no authority,
and are said to have hell as their dwelling; the notes identify the Koreish/idolaters
in the battle context.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:8
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: bowmen
description: A group placed behind to prevent being surrounded; the note says many
left their post to seize plunder contrary to Mohammed's orders.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Khaled Ebn al Wald
description: Commander of horsemen who, according to the note, perceived the bowmen's
disorder and attacked the rear.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine determiner of death
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Death occurs only by God's permission and according to written determination.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: rewarder and punisher
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God gives reward in this world and the world to come, and assigns hell to
the wicked.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- id: role:3
label: divine helper and tester
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God is called the best helper and is said to turn believers to flight to
try them, then pardon them.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:6
- id: role:4
label: addressed faithful community
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The passage addresses 'O ye who believe' and describes the faithful in battle
and trial.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:6
- id: role:5
label: tested warriors
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: They fight, flee, are afflicted, and are tested after dispute and disobedience.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: role:6
label: exemplars of perseverance
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Prophets and their followers are presented as not desponding or weakening
against many troops.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:7
label: religious leader calling fugitives back
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The apostle calls to the fleeing believers, and the note gives his words
summoning the servants of God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:9
- id: role:8
label: opposing unbelievers
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: They are enemies of the believers and recipients of divine dread and hell
in the passage.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: role:9
label: disobedient guards tempted by plunder
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: The note says the bowmen left their post contrary to orders to seize plunder.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:10
label: enemy cavalry commander
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The note says he attacked the rear with horsemen after perceiving disorder.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: written book of determination
literal_form: book containing the determination of things
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: fire of hell
literal_form: fire of hell
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:3
label: confirmed feet
literal_form: feet to be confirmed in prayer
associated_figures:
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:4
label: turning back on heels
literal_form: turn back on your heels
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:5
label: hearts filled with dread
literal_form: dread cast into the hearts of unbelievers
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Decreed death and two rewards
summary: Death is presented as occurring only by God's permission according to a
written determination, and human choice is contrasted between worldly reward and
reward in the world to come.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Steadfast prophets and prayer for help
summary: Prophets and their followers face large forces without despair and pray
for forgiveness, steadfastness, and help against unbelievers.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Warning against obeying infidels
summary: Believers are warned that obedience to infidels will lead to turning back
and perishing, while God is identified as their Lord and helper.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:4
label: Dread and hell for unbelievers
summary: God promises to cast dread into unbelievers' hearts because of their association
of others with God and declares hell to be their dwelling.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:5
label: Battle success, disobedience, flight, and trial
summary: The believers initially overcome enemies by God's permission but then become
faint-hearted, dispute the apostle's command, choose differently between world
and afterlife, and are turned to flight as a trial before receiving pardon.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: scene:6
label: Commentarial battle explanation
summary: The notes explain the battle defeat as linked to bowmen leaving their post
for plunder, an enemy cavalry attack on the rear, Muhammad's attempt to rally
his men, and a panic attributed to God among the enemy.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: divine judgment through reward and hell
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage contrasts reward in this world and the world to come and assigns
the fire of hell to the wicked/unbelievers.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
confidence: high
cautions: The passage is doctrinal and exhortatory rather than a full narrative
judgment scene.
- id: motif:2
label: divine trial through battle reversal
taxonomy_refs:
- initiation
basis: The believers' flight and affliction after disobedience are described as
a trial from God, followed by pardon.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
confidence: medium
cautions: The available taxonomy term 'initiation' only partially fits; the passage
speaks explicitly of trial, not initiation rites.
- id: motif:3
label: steadfast sacred warriors against overwhelming force
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Prophets and followers face many troops without desponding and pray for divine
forgiveness, steadfastness, and help.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
confidence: medium
cautions: No specific supplied taxonomy family directly matches this martial perseverance
pattern.
- id: motif:4
label: martyr-like death under divine predestination
taxonomy_refs:
- sacrifice
basis: The passage states that death occurs only by God's permission, and the note
interprets those killed in battle as obtaining the advantage of dying martyrs
for the faith.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:11
confidence: medium
cautions: The martyr interpretation appears in Sale's note rather than in the translated
verse itself; 'sacrifice' is an approximate taxonomy fit.
- id: motif:5
label: divinely induced panic in enemies
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: God promises to cast dread into unbelievers' hearts, and the note attributes
an enemy retreat or panic fear to God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:10
confidence: medium
cautions: The battle explanation is supplied in a translator's note; the verse itself
gives the general divine action of casting dread.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 11785-11789
quote_or_summary: No soul can die except by God's permission according to a written
determination; God gives reward to those who choose this world or the world to
come and rewards the thankful.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary only.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 11790-11798
quote_or_summary: Many prophets faced large forces without despair or weakness;
their followers prayed for forgiveness, firm feet, and help against unbelievers;
God gave worldly and afterlife reward.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary only.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 11799-11803
quote_or_summary: Believers are warned that obeying infidels will make them turn
back and perish; God is named their Lord and best helper.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary only.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 11804-11807
quote_or_summary: God will cast dread into unbelievers' hearts because they associated
with God what had no authority; their dwelling is the fire of hell.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary only.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 11808-11811
quote_or_summary: God made good his promise when the believers destroyed enemies
by his permission, until they became faint-hearted, disputed the apostle's command,
and rebelled.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary only.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 11812-11815
quote_or_summary: Some chose the present world and others the world to come; God
turned them to flight to try them and then pardoned them.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary only.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 11816-11820
quote_or_summary: As the believers fled without looking back, the apostle called
from behind; God rewarded them with affliction on affliction so they would not
grieve over lost spoils or what befell them.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary only.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: note b, lines 11837-11844
quote_or_summary: The note says bowmen placed to prevent encirclement left their
post for plunder against Mohammed's orders; Khaled Ebn al Wald attacked their
rear with cavalry and turned the battle.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary only.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: note d, lines 11847-11851
quote_or_summary: The note says Mohammed called, 'Come hither to me, O servants
of God,' and said whoever returned would enter paradise; only about thirty gathered
around him.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; short public-domain quotation included within
summary.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: note z, lines 11828-11836
quote_or_summary: The note says Mohammed attributed Abu Sofin's sudden retreat to
God; other reports say the enemy considered returning to Medina but were prevented
by a sudden consternation or panic fear from God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary only.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: note x, lines 11821-11826
quote_or_summary: The note says Mohammed used predestination to quiet murmurs after
defeat and represented the fallen as having gained the advantage of dying martyrs
for the faith.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary only.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: Literal extraction is strong for the supplied passage. Motif mapping is more
tentative where taxonomy terms only approximate doctrinal or battle-exhortation
patterns. No comparison claims were added because the passage itself does not
require comparison with an external tradition.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Only the provided passage text and metadata were used. Translator notes were treated as part of the supplied passage and distinguished in evidence locators.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l11785-l11858
passage_sha256=d94d5d0f1e2a01fea0a5a2f62d3f3b36c20cced6dec9e98a07692a367af7961d