Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l11536-l11628

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l11536-l11628

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l11536-l11628
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER II. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER III. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 11536-11628
  start: '11536'
  end: '11628'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage includes notes on the Kaaba, Abraham's footprint, pilgrimage
    ability, and a tribal quarrel reconciled by Mohammed, followed by Qur'anic statements
    on God's signs, return to God, the duties of the believing community, the status
    of some People of the Scripture, divine punishment and reward, hell fire, a destructive
    wind simile, and warnings against hostile outsiders.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: A note describes a stone shown as bearing the print of Abraham's feet and
    describes the Kaaba as an inviolable place where birds and wild beasts are said
    to behave unusually and hostile attackers do not prosper.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: A note discusses who is considered able or obligated to perform the pilgrimage,
    including provisions, a riding beast, money, bodily health, and the possibility
    of hiring another person.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: A note recounts that Shas Ebn Kais sent a young man to provoke al Aws and
    al Khazraj by recalling an old battle and verses about it.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: The tribal provocation leads toward armed conflict, but Mohammed intervenes
    and reconciles the groups.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: The phrase translated literally as holding fast by the cord of God is explained
    as adhering to Islam and compared to holding a rope to avoid falling.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: The passage says that God's signs are recited with truth, that God will not
    deal unjustly with creatures, and that all things belong to God and return to
    God.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: The believing community is described as commanding what is just, forbidding
    what is unjust, and believing in God.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: Those who have received the scriptures are divided in the passage between
    believers and transgressors, and later between upright people and others.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: obs:9
  text: The passage says certain opponents are struck with vileness except through
    a treaty with God and a treaty with men, and that they incur divine indignation
    and poverty because of disbelief and killing prophets.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: Upright people among those who received scriptures are described as meditating
    on God's signs at night, worshipping, believing in God and the last day, commanding
    justice, forbidding injustice, and striving in good works.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:11
  text: Unbelievers are said to gain no protection from wealth or children against
    God and to be companions of hell fire forever.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:12
  text: The passage compares what unbelievers spend in the present life to a wind
    with scorching cold that destroys standing corn.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:13
  text: Believers are warned not to contract intimate friendship outside themselves
    because such outsiders are said to wish them harm, conceal hatred, and rejoice
    at their misfortune.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:14
  text: The passage says patience and fear of God will prevent the opponents' subtlety
    from harming believers.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: Divine figure whose signs are recited, who owns heaven and earth, to
    whom all things return, who knows the pious and the innermost parts of breasts,
    and who judges justly.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Abraham
  description: Named in a note in relation to a stone said to show the print of his
    feet.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Mohammed
  description: Described in notes as explaining pilgrimage ability, using the phrase
    sure cord of God for the Koran, and intervening to reconcile al Aws and al Khazraj.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: al Aws
  description: One of two tribes described as formerly mortal enemies, later provoked
    toward conflict and then reconciled.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: al Khazraj
  description: One of two tribes described as formerly mortal enemies, later provoked
    toward conflict and then reconciled.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Shas Ebn Kais
  description: A Jew described in the note as vexed by harmony between al Aws and
    al Khazraj and as sending a young man to stir up old enmity.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: young man sent by Shas Ebn Kais
  description: Messenger directed to sit with the tribes, narrate the battle of Both,
    and repeat verses.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: the devil
  description: Named in Mohammed's explanation of the provocation as a trick intended
    to disturb tranquility.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: true believers
  description: Addressed as a community instructed in justice, belief, caution, patience,
    and fear of God.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:9
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: those who have received the scriptures
  description: Group described as including believers, transgressors, and upright
    people who worship and do good works.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: unbelievers
  description: Group described as not being protected by wealth or children and as
    companions of hell fire.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: prophets
  description: Figures said to have been slain unjustly by the condemned group.
  role_refs:
  - role:13
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine owner and final recipient
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage says all in heaven and earth belongs to God and all things return
    to God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:2
  label: just divine judge and knower
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage says God does not deal unjustly, knows the pious, and knows what
    is concealed in breasts.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
- id: role:3
  label: patriarch associated with sacred footprint
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: A stone is said to show the print of Abraham's feet.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:4
  label: reconciler
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Mohammed is described as stepping in and reconciling al Aws and al Khazraj.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:5
  label: religious interpreter
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Notes attribute explanations of pilgrimage and the cord of God to Mohammed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: role:6
  label: formerly hostile tribes reconciled after provocation
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  basis: The tribes are described as former enemies who nearly return to armed conflict
    before being reconciled.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:7
  label: instigator of discord
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Shas Ebn Kais is described as sending a young man to recall an old battle
    in order to set the tribes at variance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:8
  label: agent of provocation
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The young man carries out the instruction to narrate the battle and verses
    that inflame the tribes.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:9
  label: deceptive disturber
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The quarrel is described as a trick of the devil to disturb tranquility.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:10
  label: commanders of justice and warned community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Believers are said to command justice, forbid injustice, and receive warnings
    about hostile outsiders.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:9
- id: role:11
  label: scriptural community with righteous subset
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: The passage says not all scripture-receivers are alike and describes upright
    members among them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: role:12
  label: condemned opponents
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: Unbelievers are described as having wealth and children that do not profit
    them against God and as companions of hell fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:13
  label: unjustly slain messengers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: The passage states that prophets were slain unjustly.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: stone with Abraham's footprint
  literal_form: stone said to show the print of Abraham's feet
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: inviolable sanctuary of the Kaaba
  literal_form: the Kaaba and its protected place
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: cord of God
  literal_form: cord or rope used as a metaphor for adherence to Islam and the Koran
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: treaty with God and men
  literal_form: treaty with God and treaty with men
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:5
  label: hell fire
  literal_form: fire of hell in which unbelievers remain
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:6
  label: scorching wind destroying corn
  literal_form: wind with scorching cold falling on standing corn and destroying it
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:7
  label: biting fingers in wrath
  literal_form: opponents privately biting their fingers' ends out of wrath
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Sacred place and pilgrimage conditions
  summary: A note describes the Kaaba's inviolability, Abraham's footprint, and scholarly
    explanations of who is able or obligated to perform pilgrimage.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Provocation and reconciliation of two tribes
  summary: Shas Ebn Kais has a young man revive memories of an old battle between
    al Aws and al Khazraj, almost causing armed conflict, until Mohammed reconciles
    them and identifies the incident as a devilish trick.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Cord of God explanation
  summary: A note explains the phrase 'cord of God' as adherence to Islam and compares
    it to a rope preventing a fall.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Signs of God and ethical community
  summary: The passage states that God's signs are true, all things return to God,
    and the believing nation commands justice, forbids injustice, and believes in
    God.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:5
  label: Condemnation, treaty, and slain prophets
  summary: A condemned group is said to be unable to prevail, to suffer vileness except
    through treaty with God and men, and to be punished because of disbelief and killing
    prophets.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:10
  - fig:12
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:6
  label: Righteous among the scripture-receivers
  summary: Some who received scriptures are described as upright worshippers who meditate
    at night, believe in God and the last day, command justice, forbid injustice,
    and do good works.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:7
  label: Hell fire and destructive simile
  summary: Unbelievers are described as unprotected by wealth or children, destined
    for hell fire, and their worldly expenditure is compared to a scorching wind that
    destroys corn.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: scene:8
  label: Warning against hostile intimates
  summary: Believers are warned against intimate friendship with hostile outsiders
    who conceal hatred and rejoice in their misfortune, while patience and fear of
    God are said to defeat their subtlety.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Sacred sanctuary protected from hostility
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The note describes the Kaaba's place as inviolable, with hostile attackers
    said not to prosper there.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage presents part of this material as notes and labels some details
    as fables; extraction should not treat the claims as doctrinal without review.
- id: motif:2
  label: Obligatory pilgrimage conditioned by capacity
  taxonomy_refs:
  - departure
  basis: A note explains who is able to perform pilgrimage in terms of provisions,
    transport, health, money, and substitute performance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The available taxonomy has no exact pilgrimage category; 'departure' is
    only a broad fit for journey obligation.
- id: motif:3
  label: Discord provoked by recalling ancestral conflict
  taxonomy_refs:
  - trickster_boundary
  basis: Shas Ebn Kais uses a young man and old battle memory to inflame two reconciled
    tribes, and Mohammed describes the disturbance as a trick of the devil.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy reference is approximate; the passage emphasizes social discord
    more than a developed trickster figure.
- id: motif:4
  label: Saving cord of God
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The phrase 'cord of God' is explained as a secure means of salvation, like
    a rope preventing a fall.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: No exact supplied taxonomy reference for divine rope or salvific bond.
- id: motif:5
  label: Return to God and just divine judgment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  - return
  basis: The passage states that all things return to God, that God does not act unjustly,
    that good is rewarded, and that unbelievers face hell fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The 'return' taxonomy reference is used in a theological rather than heroic-return
    sense.
- id: motif:6
  label: Covenant or treaty securing protection
  taxonomy_refs:
  - covenant
  basis: The passage says a condemned group suffers vileness unless they obtain security
    through a treaty with God and a treaty with men.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The English translation uses 'treaty'; whether this should be classified
    as covenant requires review against the Arabic and commentary.
- id: motif:7
  label: Righteous remnant within another scriptural community
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage says those who received scriptures are not all alike and describes
    an upright subset who worship, believe, and do good works.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: No exact supplied taxonomy category for righteous remnant or inter-scriptural
    differentiation.
- id: motif:8
  label: Worldly wealth rendered useless before divine punishment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage says unbelievers' wealth and children will not profit them against
    God and compares their expenditure to a destructive wind ruining corn.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The destructive agricultural image is a simile within a judgment passage,
    not a separate cosmological destruction narrative.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11536-11542
  quote_or_summary: A note describes a stone showing Abraham's footprint and the Kaaba's
    inviolable security, including claims about birds, wild beasts, and failed hostile
    attacks such as Abraha's expedition.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11543-11554
  quote_or_summary: A note attributes to Mohammed and later jurists explanations of
    ability to perform pilgrimage, including provisions, transport, money, health,
    walking, and hiring a substitute.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11555-11575
  quote_or_summary: A note recounts Shas Ebn Kais provoking al Aws and al Khazraj
    through a young man's narration of the battle of Both, nearly leading to battle
    before Mohammed reconciles them and calls it a devilish trick.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11576-11581
  quote_or_summary: The phrase 'Hold fast by the cord of God' is explained as adhering
    to Islam, like holding a rope to avoid falling; the Koran is also called the sure
    cord of God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; brief phrase quoted from provided public domain
    text.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11587-11594
  quote_or_summary: The passage says God's signs are recited with truth, God is not
    unjust, all things belong and return to God, and the best nation commands justice,
    forbids injustice, and believes in God; scripture-receivers include believers
    and transgressors.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11595-11604
  quote_or_summary: The passage says opponents will only slightly harm believers,
    will turn their backs in battle, and suffer vileness unless under treaty with
    God and men, because they disbelieved signs and slew prophets unjustly.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11605-11612
  quote_or_summary: Some scripture-receivers are upright, meditate on God's signs
    at night, worship, believe in God and the last day, command justice, forbid injustice,
    strive in good works, and are promised reward.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11613-11618
  quote_or_summary: Unbelievers' wealth and children will not profit them against
    God; they are companions of hell fire forever, and their spending is likened to
    a scorching wind destroying standing corn.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11619-11628
  quote_or_summary: Believers are warned not to form intimate friendship outside themselves;
    hostile people conceal hatred, publicly say they believe, privately bite their
    fingers in wrath, and are neutralized by believers' patience and fear of God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Extraction is based only on the provided English passage and notes. Some
    motif assignments use broad available taxonomy categories and require human review,
    especially where Sale's commentary or polemical wording frames the material.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No comparison claims were added because the passage does not itself provide a specific comparative mythology claim beyond internal references to Jews, Christians, and People of the Scripture.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l11536-l11628
  passage_sha256=93def1f4b719a7bdf58cae1c8cf020e43c8ee611511e119e6ccf4f7404a00f89