Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l11470-l11534

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l11470-l11534

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l11470-l11534
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER II. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER III. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 11470-11534
  start: '11470'
  end: '11534'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: Sale's notes and translated Qur'anic passage discuss disputed food laws,
    Jacob's abstinence, the sanctuary at Becca/Mecca, the duty to visit the House,
    admonitions to people of scripture and believers, cleaving to God's covenant,
    reconciliation of former enemies, deliverance from a pit of fire, communal moral
    instruction, and resurrection judgment marked by white or black faces.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: A note says Jews reproached Mohammed and his followers for eating camel flesh
    and milk, which they said was forbidden to Abraham.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The note says God ordained no distinction of meats before giving the law to
    Moses, while Jacob voluntarily abstained from camel flesh and milk according to
    the explanation.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The note connects the exposition with Israelite avoidance of the sinew on
    the hollow of the thigh after Jacob wrestled with an angel at Peniel.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: A note says Israelites were later forbidden certain animals because of wickedness
    and perverseness, though those animals had been allowed to predecessors.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: A note says Jews claimed Jerusalem's temple as an older Keblah than the Mohammedans'
    Caaba, and identifies Becca as another name for Mecca.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: The passage says the place contains manifest signs, including the place where
    Abraham stood, and that whoever enters it shall be safe.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: The passage states that those able to go must visit the House as a duty toward
    God.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: People who have received scriptures are asked why they do not believe in God's
    signs and why they keep believers back from God's way.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:9
  text: Believers are warned that obeying some scripture-receivers may render them
    infidels after belief.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:10
  text: Believers are commanded to fear God, die as true believers, cleave to God's
    covenant, and not depart from it.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:11
  text: The passage says former enemies had their hearts reconciled by God and became
    companions and brethren.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:12
  text: The passage says the addressees were on the brink of a pit of fire and God
    delivered them from it.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:13
  text: A group among the believers is instructed to invite to the best religion,
    command what is just, and forbid what is evil.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:14
  text: The passage warns against being divided after manifest proofs and says such
    people will suffer great torment.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:15
  text: On the day of resurrection some faces become white and other faces black;
    those with black faces are punished for unbelief, while those with white faces
    remain in God's mercy forever.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: Divine speaker or agent who gives signs, ordains law, reconciles hearts,
    delivers from fire, judges unbelief, and grants mercy.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:13
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Mohammed
  description: Named in the note as reproached by Jews together with his followers;
    also associated with the apostle present among believers in the passage.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:8
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Jews / those who have received the scriptures
  description: A group described in the notes as reproaching Mohammed and claiming
    Jerusalem's temple as the older Keblah; in the passage, scripture-receivers are
    addressed about unbelief and obstructing God's way.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Abraham
  description: Patriarch whose religion is referenced in the food-law dispute and
    whose standing place is named among the signs in the sanctuary.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Jacob
  description: Patriarch said in the note to have voluntarily abstained from camel
    flesh and milk and to have wrestled with an angel at Peniel.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Moses
  description: Prophet associated in the note with the giving of law after which distinctions
    of meats were ordained.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Angel with whom Jacob wrestled
  description: Figure in the note who wrestled with Jacob at Peniel and touched the
    hollow of his thigh.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: True believers
  description: Addressees commanded to fear God, cleave to God's covenant, remember
    reconciliation, form a moral community, and avoid division.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Those whose faces become black
  description: Resurrection-day group addressed as having returned to unbelief after
    belief and told to taste punishment.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Those whose faces become white
  description: Resurrection-day group said to be in the mercy of God forever.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine lawgiver and guide
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God is said to ordain food distinctions, declare signs, and direct believers
    in the right way.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: role:2
  label: resurrection judge and giver of mercy
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: On the day of resurrection God punishes unbelief and grants lasting mercy
    to others.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: role:3
  label: apostle among believers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The passage asks how believers can become infidels when God's signs are read
    to them and his apostle is among them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:4
  label: scriptural disputants or obstructors
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: They reproach Mohammed in notes and are addressed as keeping believers back
    from God's way.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
- id: role:5
  label: patriarch linked to sanctuary sign
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The sanctuary includes the place where Abraham stood.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: patriarch linked to abstinence and bodily mark tradition
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Jacob is said to abstain from camel flesh and milk and is connected with
    the thigh-sinew explanation after wrestling at Peniel.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:7
  label: law-receiving prophet
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The note refers to God giving the law to Moses.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:8
  label: wrestling supernatural opponent
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The note describes the angel with whom Jacob wrestled and who touched his
    thigh.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:9
  label: covenant community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Believers are commanded to cleave to God's covenant and not depart from it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:10
  label: reconciled brethren delivered from fire
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The passage says God reconciled former enemies into brethren and delivered
    them from the brink of a pit of fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:11
  label: punished unbelievers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The black-faced resurrection group is accused of returning to unbelief and
    commanded to taste punishment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: role:12
  label: recipients of enduring mercy
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: The white-faced resurrection group remains in God's mercy forever.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: House / sanctuary
  literal_form: the House at Becca/Mecca, identified in notes with the Caaba and as
    a Keblah
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: sym:2
  label: place where Abraham stood
  literal_form: a named place within the sanctuary described as one of its manifest
    signs
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:3
  label: covenant of God
  literal_form: the covenant believers are commanded to cleave to and not depart from
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:4
  label: pit of fire
  literal_form: a pit of fire from whose brink God delivered the believers
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: sym:5
  label: white faces and black faces
  literal_form: faces that become white or black on the day of resurrection
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: sym:6
  label: signs of God
  literal_form: manifest signs and signs read to the believers
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
- id: sym:7
  label: sinew on the hollow of the thigh
  literal_form: the sinew avoided by the children of Israel after the angel touched
    Jacob's thigh
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Dispute over food law and patriarchal abstinence
  summary: A note describes Jews reproaching Mohammed and his followers for eating
    camel flesh and milk; the response says God made no meat distinctions before Moses'
    law, while Jacob voluntarily abstained.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Jacob, Peniel, and the thigh sinew
  summary: A note relates the abstinence exposition to the Israelite custom of not
    eating the thigh sinew because Jacob wrestled with an angel at Peniel who touched
    his thigh.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Sanctuary and pilgrimage duty
  summary: The passage presents the sanctuary as containing signs, including Abraham's
    standing place, promising safety to entrants and imposing a duty to visit the
    House on those able to go.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:4
  label: Admonition to scripture-receivers and believers
  summary: People of scripture are challenged for disbelief and obstruction, while
    believers are warned against being led back into unbelief while God's signs are
    read and the apostle is among them.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: scene:5
  label: Covenant, reconciliation, and deliverance from fire
  summary: Believers are commanded to fear God and cleave to his covenant, remembering
    that God reconciled former enemies into brethren and delivered them from the brink
    of a pit of fire.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: scene:6
  label: Communal moral command and warning against division
  summary: A group is to invite to religion, command justice, and forbid evil; the
    passage warns against religious division after manifest proofs and announces torment
    for such division.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: scene:7
  label: Resurrection judgment marked on faces
  summary: On the day of resurrection, some faces become black and are punished for
    unbelief, while others become white and remain forever in God's mercy.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: covenant community bound to God
  taxonomy_refs:
  - covenant
  basis: Believers are explicitly commanded to cleave to God's covenant and not depart
    from it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage does not narrate the original making of the covenant; it commands
    adherence to it.
- id: motif:2
  label: deliverance from fiery peril
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage says the believers were on the brink of a pit of fire and God
    delivered them from it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The pit of fire may be figurative or eschatological in context; the passage
    does not describe a literal journey into fire.
- id: motif:3
  label: resurrection judgment by visible bodily sign
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  - divine_judgment
  basis: On the day of resurrection, faces become white or black, and the two groups
    receive mercy or punishment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  confidence: high
  cautions: The color change is presented as an eschatological marker; broader doctrinal
    interpretation is not supplied here.
- id: motif:4
  label: sacred sanctuary requiring pilgrimage
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The House contains manifest signs, grants safety to entrants, and must be
    visited by those able to go.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: No available taxonomy reference directly matches pilgrimage sanctuary;
    not mapped to world_center without stronger passage evidence.
- id: motif:5
  label: reconciliation of former enemies into brethren
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: God is said to reconcile the hearts of former enemies so that they become
    companions and brethren.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a social-religious transformation motif, not a full narrative
    arc in the passage.
- id: motif:6
  label: patriarchal abstinence and food prohibition aetiology
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The notes explain dietary abstinence through Jacob's vow or medical advice
    and the Israelite avoidance of the thigh sinew after the Peniel encounter.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This material is in Sale's explanatory notes rather than the translated
    Qur'anic verses in the excerpt.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage directly fits the supplied covenant motif family at the level
    of explicit covenant language and communal adherence.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: covenant
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The excerpt commands cleaving to the covenant but does not recount
    covenant formation or ritual ratification.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The resurrection scene fits a divine judgment pattern in which visible bodily
    differentiation separates punished unbelievers from recipients of mercy.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: divine_judgment and resurrection motif families
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The comparison is functional and limited to the supplied taxonomy labels;
    no external parallels are established.
- id: claim:3
  claim: Sale's note explicitly links the food-abstinence explanation to the nearby
    biblical Jacob-at-Peniel tradition.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Genesis 32 thigh-sinew aetiology as cited in the note
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The link is supplied by the translator's note, not by an extended comparison
    within the translated Qur'anic passage itself.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11470-11483
  quote_or_summary: A note says Jews reproached Mohammed and followers over camel
    flesh and milk; the answer says God made no meat distinction before Moses' law,
    while Jacob voluntarily abstained from camel flesh and milk.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11484-11488
  quote_or_summary: The note connects the exposition to the children of Israel not
    eating the thigh sinew because the angel who wrestled Jacob at Peniel touched
    the hollow of his thigh.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11489-11491
  quote_or_summary: A note says Israelites were forbidden certain animals because
    of wickedness and perverseness, though the animals had been allowed to predecessors.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11492-11497
  quote_or_summary: A note says Jews claimed Jerusalem's temple as the more ancient
    Keblah than the Mohammedans' Caaba; Becca is identified as another name of Mecca.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: quote
  locator: lines 11506-11508
  quote_or_summary: '"Therein are manifest signs: the place where Abraham stood; and
    whoever entereth therein, shall be safe."'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11508-11510
  quote_or_summary: The passage says it is a duty toward God for those able to go
    to visit this House; God does not need the service of any creature.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11511-11515
  quote_or_summary: People who have received scriptures are asked why they do not
    believe in God's signs and why they keep believers back from God's way while knowing
    it is right.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11516-11520
  quote_or_summary: Believers are warned that some scripture-receivers would render
    them infidels after belief, though God's signs are read to them and his apostle
    is among them.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: quote
  locator: lines 11521-11524
  quote_or_summary: '"fear GOD with his true fear" and "cleave all of you unto the
    covenant of GOD, and depart not from it"'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11524-11528
  quote_or_summary: The passage says God reconciled the hearts of former enemies,
    made them companions and brethren, and delivered them from the brink of a pit
    of fire.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11529-11531
  quote_or_summary: A people among the believers should invite to the best religion,
    command what is just, forbid what is evil, and be happy.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11532-11534
  quote_or_summary: The passage warns not to be like those divided in religion after
    manifest proofs; they will suffer great torment.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11534-11540
  quote_or_summary: On the day of resurrection, some faces become white and others
    black; black-faced returners to unbelief taste punishment, while white-faced ones
    remain forever in God's mercy.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The extraction is based only on the supplied excerpt. Some motif candidates
    derive from translator's notes as well as translated scripture, so human review
    is needed for classification boundaries.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  All observations and motif candidates cite evidence from the provided passage range only.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l11470-l11534
  passage_sha256=25de63eb9e51d145e8878be62ad82d12455ad5776f496ae5fe623122857ca599