Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l11082-l11146

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l11082-l11146

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l11082-l11146
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER II. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER III. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 11082-11146
  start: '11082'
  end: '11146'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: Who will be my helpers towards GOD?
  summary: Translator notes discuss traditions of Jesus speaking before or soon after
    birth, childhood animation of clay creatures, restorations of the dead, legal
    abrogations, and a Qur'anic passage in which Jesus asks for helpers, the apostles
    profess belief, and the Jews and God devise stratagems.
  language: English
  quote_policy: quoted
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: A cited Muslim writer tells of Jesus speaking while in Mary's womb and soon
    after birth in response to Joseph's suspicions or questions.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The newborn child is reported to say that God brought him from the darkness
    of the womb to the light of the world and that he will invite the children of
    Israel to obey God.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The translator says similar traditions are preserved in a spurious Gospel
    of the Infancy of Christ, where Jesus speaks in the cradle to his mother.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: A note says some commentators identify the created bird as a bat, while others
    suppose Jesus made several birds of different kinds.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: In an infancy tradition summarized by the translator, children make clay figures
    of birds and beasts, and Jesus commands his figures to move, fly, stand on his
    hands, eat, and drink.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: The children report the event to their parents, who forbid them to play with
    Jesus because they regard him as a sorcerer.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: A commentator notes that qualifying words are added so Jesus's miracles are
    not understood as performed by his own power or as proving he was God.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: Jallalo'ddin is said to mention three people whom Christ restored to life
    and who lived afterward and had children.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: Another account says Jesus raised Shem son of Noah from the grave; Shem thought
    he had been called to judgment, came out half grey-headed, and then immediately
    died again.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: The commentators say Jesus abrogated certain Mosaic legal restrictions, and
    that some later institutions of Jesus were abrogated by Mohammed.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:11
  text: When Jesus perceives unbelief, he asks who will be his helpers toward God,
    and the apostles answer that they will be the helpers of God and believers.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:12
  text: The believers pray that they may be written down with those who bear witness
    to Jesus.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:13
  text: The Jews devise a stratagem against Jesus, and God devises a stratagem against
    them.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Jesus / Christ
  description: Central figure described as speaking before or soon after birth, animating
    clay creatures, restoring dead persons to life, abrogating laws, asking for helpers,
    and being the target of a stratagem.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Mary
  description: Mother of Jesus, described as concealing her delivery and addressed
    in the infancy tradition.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Joseph
  description: Mary's cousin in the cited tradition, suspicious of her and later sent
    by Zacharias to seek her.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Zacharias
  description: Figure who sends Joseph to seek Mary in the cited tradition.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: children playing with Jesus
  description: Children who make clay figures of birds and beasts and report Jesus's
    actions to their parents.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: parents of the children
  description: Parents who forbid their children to play with Jesus, regarding him
    as a sorcerer.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Lazarus
  description: One of the persons said by Jallalo'ddin to have been restored to life
    by Christ.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: widow's son
  description: One of the persons said by Jallalo'ddin to have been restored to life
    by Christ.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: publican's daughter
  description: One of the persons said by Jallalo'ddin to have been restored to life
    by Christ, with the translator suggesting this may mean the ruler of the synagogue's
    daughter.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Shem son of Noah
  description: Figure said to be raised from the grave, to emerge half grey-headed,
    and then to die again.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: apostles
  description: Those who answer Jesus that they will be helpers of God and profess
    belief.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: the Jews
  description: Group said to devise a stratagem against Jesus.
  role_refs:
  - role:13
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: God
  description: Divine figure described as bringing Jesus from the womb to the world,
    sending revelation, authorizing miracles, and devising a stratagem against the
    plotters.
  role_refs:
  - role:14
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: miraculous infant speaker
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Jesus is reported to speak in the womb, after birth, and in the cradle.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:2
  label: miracle worker by divine permission
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Jesus animates clay figures and restores the dead, while the commentary warns
    against attributing the power to Jesus independently.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:3
  label: legal abrogator
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Commentators say Jesus abrogated some Mosaic restrictions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:4
  label: caller of helpers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Jesus asks who will be his helpers toward God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:5
  label: mother of miraculous child
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Mary is the mother in the womb, birth, and cradle traditions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:6
  label: suspicious questioner
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Joseph is said to suspect Mary and to expostulate with her.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:7
  label: sender of seeker
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Zacharias sends Joseph to seek Mary.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:8
  label: child witnesses
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The children play with Jesus, make clay figures, and report the event.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:9
  label: skeptical parents
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The parents forbid play with Jesus and call him a sorcerer.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:10
  label: restored dead
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  basis: These figures are described as being restored or raised to life by Christ.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:11
  label: helpers of God
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: The apostles answer that they will be helpers of God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:12
  label: believing witnesses
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: They profess belief and ask to be written down with those who bear witness.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:13
  label: plotters against Jesus
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: They are said to devise a stratagem against him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:14
  label: divine sender and counter-plotter
  assigned_to:
  - fig:13
  basis: God is said to bring Jesus forth, send revelation, authorize miracles, and
    devise a stratagem against the plotters.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: dark womb and light world
  literal_form: darkness of the womb; light of the world
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:13
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: cradle speech
  literal_form: cradle from which Jesus speaks to his mother
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:3
  label: animated clay birds and beasts
  literal_form: clay figures of birds and beasts, including sparrows and possibly
    a bat
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: grave opening for the raised dead
  literal_form: Shem's grave from which he comes out
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:5
  label: half-grey head
  literal_form: Shem's head half grey after emerging from the grave
  associated_figures:
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:6
  label: written witness register
  literal_form: being written down with those who bear witness
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  - fig:13
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Jesus speaks before or soon after birth
  summary: A cited tradition says Jesus speaks in Mary's womb or soon after birth
    to address Joseph and to announce that God has brought him from the womb to the
    world and that he will call Israel to obedience.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:13
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Cradle speech in infancy tradition
  summary: The translator relates a parallel infancy tradition in which Jesus speaks
    from the cradle to his mother and identifies himself.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Clay creatures are animated
  summary: In a childhood play scene, Jesus commands clay figures of birds and beasts
    to move, fly, stand, eat, and drink; parents then forbid the children from playing
    with him.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Dead persons restored to life
  summary: Commentarial traditions list people restored to life by Christ, including
    three who live afterward and Shem son of Noah, who rises briefly from the grave
    and dies again.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:5
  label: Legal restrictions abrogated
  summary: Commentators say Jesus abrogated certain Mosaic restrictions concerning
    foods and sabbath work, and compare this with later abrogations by Mohammed.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:6
  label: Apostles answer Jesus and God counters the plot
  summary: Jesus asks who will help him toward God; the apostles profess belief and
    ask to be counted among witnesses; the Jews devise a stratagem and God devises
    one against them.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: miraculous infant or cradle speech
  taxonomy_refs:
  - miraculous_child
  basis: Jesus is described as speaking from the womb, immediately after birth, and
    in a cradle tradition.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: The examples occur in translator notes and cited traditions within the
    line range, not solely in the Qur'anic verse excerpt.
- id: motif:2
  label: sacred or extraordinary birth announcement
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_birth
  basis: The newborn Jesus announces divine agency in his birth and future mission
    to Israel.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage emphasizes speech and mission more than the birth event itself.
- id: motif:3
  label: animation of clay creatures
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Jesus commands clay figures of birds and beasts to move, fly, eat, and drink.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy family directly names this motif.
- id: motif:4
  label: raising the dead
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: The passage lists persons restored to life by Christ, including Shem rising
    from his grave.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: Some restorations are from commentarial reports summarized by the translator.
- id: motif:5
  label: divinely authorized miracle worker
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: A note states that wording is added to prevent the miracles from being attributed
    to Jesus's own power or deity.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is a theological interpretation supplied in commentary.
- id: motif:6
  label: chosen helpers who bear witness
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The apostles agree to be helpers of God, profess belief, and ask to be written
    among witnesses.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: No available taxonomy reference directly matches the helper-and-witness
    motif.
- id: motif:7
  label: divine counter-stratagem against opponents
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The Jews devise a stratagem against Jesus, and God devises a stratagem against
    them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The verse names a divine counter-plot but does not narrate the resulting
    judgment in this excerpt.
- id: motif:8
  label: prophetic abrogation of earlier law
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Commentators say Jesus abrogated certain Mosaic legal restrictions, with
    a later comparison to Mohammed's abrogation of some Christian institutions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is a commentarial legal-theological motif rather than a narrative
    scene.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage itself states that traditions of Jesus speaking in infancy resemble
    or derive from eastern Christian traditions preserved in the spurious Gospel of
    the Infancy of Christ.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: spurious Gospel of the Infancy of Christ; eastern Christian infancy traditions
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The claim is made by the translator and depends on cited extra-Qur'anic
    traditions; the passage does not establish historical transmission independently.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The clay-bird animation episode is explicitly compared by the translator
    to an infancy-gospel tradition in which Jesus animates clay figures during childhood
    play.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: spurious Gospel of the Infancy of Christ clay creatures episode
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The comparison is based on the translator's note and summary, not on
    a full quoted parallel text.
- id: claim:3
  claim: The passage compares legal abrogation by Jesus with later abrogation by Mohammed
    as analogous religious-legal functions.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Jesus and Mohammed as abrogators of prior religious institutions
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: This is a commentarial theological comparison, not a narrative or mythic
    genealogy claim.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11082-11093
  quote_or_summary: A cited Muslim writer tells stories of Jesus speaking in Mary's
    womb or soon after birth to Joseph, saying God brought him from the darkness of
    the womb to the light of the world and that he would call Israel to obedience.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11094-11101
  quote_or_summary: The translator says these accounts seem taken from eastern Christian
    traditions and cites the spurious Gospel of the Infancy of Christ, where Jesus
    speaks in the cradle to his mother.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11106-11109
  quote_or_summary: A note says some identify the made bird as a bat, while others
    suppose Jesus made several birds of different sorts.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11110-11124
  quote_or_summary: 'The translator summarizes an infancy tradition: Jesus at seven
    plays with children making clay birds and beasts; at his command his figures walk,
    leap, fly, stand on his hands, and eat and drink; the parents then forbid play
    with him as a sorcerer.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11125-11127
  quote_or_summary: Commentators say added wording prevents readers from thinking
    Jesus did the miracles by his own power or was God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11128-11136
  quote_or_summary: Jallalo'ddin lists Lazarus, the widow's son, and the publican's
    daughter as restored to life by Christ; another account adds Shem son of Noah,
    who emerges from his grave half grey-headed and then dies again.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11137-11141
  quote_or_summary: Commentators say Jesus abrogated certain Mosaic restrictions on
    food and sabbath work, and compare this with later abrogations by Mohammed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: quote
  locator: lines 11143-11145
  quote_or_summary: Jesus asks, “Who will be my helpers towards GOD?” The apostles
    answer that they will be helpers of God and believers, and they pray to be written
    among those who bear witness.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11146-11146
  quote_or_summary: The Jews devise a stratagem against Jesus, and God devises a stratagem
    against them; God is called the best deviser of stratagems.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The line range mixes Qur'anic verse, translator notes, and commentarial or
    apocryphal parallels. Motif extraction is reliable for what the passage reports,
    but sources and narrative levels should be reviewed.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. Taxonomy references are limited to provided motif families and symbols.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l11082-l11146
  passage_sha256=8232cd89fb06e53187280952edf1a2b3ec7b82753936abd11c72a1b8eacb4397