batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l10810-l10901
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l10810-l10901
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: CHAPTER II. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD. / CHAPTER III. / IN THE
NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 10810-10901
start: '10810'
end: '10901'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage includes translator commentary on a miraculous battle victory
attributed to divine and angelic assistance, followed by Qur'anic exhortations
concerning scripture, judgment, divine sovereignty, reward and punishment, obedience
to God and the apostle, and notes identifying Jewish interlocutors and legal disputes
involving the Pentateuch and stoning.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Mohammed is described as throwing a handful of gravel toward the enemy at
Gabriel's direction, while the Qur'anic explanation attributes the act ultimately
to God.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The enemy is described as fleeing after the gravel is thrown.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: The Mohammedan troops are said to have appeared to the infidels as twice their
own number.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: God is said to have sent angels to assist the Mohammedan troops, led by Gabriel.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: People who had received part of the scripture are called to the book of God
for judgment, but some turn away.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: Some of those addressed claim that hell-fire will touch them only for a limited
number of days.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:7
text: The passage states that people will be gathered on the day of judgment and
that every soul will be paid according to what it has gained.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:8
text: God is described as giving and taking away kingdom, exalting and humbling
whom he wills.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: God is described as causing night and day to succeed one another and bringing
the living from the dead and the dead from the living.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:10
text: The faithful are warned not to take infidels as protectors rather than the
faithful, except where danger is feared.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:11
text: God is said to know what people conceal or declare and what is in heaven and
earth.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:12
text: On the last day, each soul will find its good and evil deeds present before
it.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:13
text: The audience is instructed that love of God is to be shown by following the
speaker, with divine love and forgiveness promised in response.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:14
text: The translator's notes identify the recipients of scripture in this passage
as Jews and recount disputes involving Abraham's religion, the Pentateuch, and
the punishment for adultery.
category: other
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: The almighty divine figure who gives and removes kingdom, judges souls,
knows hidden and declared things, sends angelic aid, forgives, warns, and commands
obedience.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:3
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:10
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Mohammed
description: The prophet and apostle described in the commentary as throwing gravel
toward the enemy and in the Qur'anic exhortation as one to be followed and obeyed.
role_refs:
- role:5
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Gabriel
description: The angel who directs Mohammed in the gravel episode and leads the
angelic auxiliaries.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Angelic auxiliaries
description: Angels sent by God to assist the Mohammedan troops in battle.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Mohammedan troops
description: The troops aided in battle, described as appearing more numerous to
the enemy and imagining themselves to have done the execution while fighting stoutly.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Infidels
description: Opposing or unbelieving figures in the passage, including battle enemies
and those whom the faithful are warned not to take as protectors.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:8
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Those given part of the scripture / Jews
description: A group identified in the notes as Jews, called to the book of God
for judgment but described as turning away.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:11
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Every soul
description: The generalized human subject that will be judged and recompensed on
the last day.
role_refs:
- role:12
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:9
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: The faithful
description: Believers instructed about protectors, return to God, and obedience
to God and the apostle.
role_refs:
- role:13
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine judge
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God gathers people on the day of judgment and recompenses every soul.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:9
- id: role:2
label: sovereign giver and taker of kingdom
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God gives kingdom, takes it away, exalts, and humbles.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:3
label: sender of supernatural aid
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God sends angelic auxiliaries and is described as the true agent behind the
thrown gravel.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: role:4
label: knower of hidden and manifest things
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God knows what is concealed or declared and what is in heaven and earth.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:5
label: prophet in battle episode
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Mohammed throws gravel toward the enemy under Gabriel's direction.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:6
label: apostle to be obeyed
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The audience is told to follow and obey God and his apostle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: role:7
label: angelic leader and messenger
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Gabriel directs Mohammed and leads the angels.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: role:8
label: celestial warriors
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Angels are sent down to assist in battle and are said to do the execution.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:9
label: divinely aided fighters
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: The troops fight while receiving angelic assistance and appearing numerous
to the enemy.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:10
label: opponents or unbelievers
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: The infidels are the battle opponents and are also mentioned as unsuitable
protectors for the faithful.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:8
- id: role:11
label: scripture recipients who resist judgment
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: They are called to the book of God for judgment, and some turn away.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:11
- id: role:12
label: judged moral subject
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Every soul will receive what it has gained and encounter its deeds on the
last day.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:9
- id: role:13
label: admonished believers
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: The faithful are instructed about alliances, fear of God, and obedience.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: handful of gravel
literal_form: Gravel thrown toward the enemy in battle.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: angelic host
literal_form: One thousand and then three thousand angels sent to aid the troops.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:3
label: book of God
literal_form: A scripture appealed to as judge between disputing parties.
associated_figures:
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:11
- id: sym:4
label: fire of hell
literal_form: Hell-fire said by some to touch them only for a certain number of
days.
associated_figures:
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:5
label: kingdom
literal_form: Kingdom given or taken away by God.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:6
label: night and day
literal_form: Night succeeding day as an act of God.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:7
label: living and dead
literal_form: The living brought out of the dead and the dead out of the living.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:8
label: present deeds
literal_form: Good and evil deeds found present by each soul on the last day.
associated_figures:
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Miraculous battle assistance
summary: In the commentary, Mohammed throws gravel toward the enemy at Gabriel's
direction; the act is attributed to God, the enemy flees, the Muslim troops appear
multiplied, and angels led by Gabriel assist in battle.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Scripture refused as judge
summary: Those given part of scripture are summoned to the book of God for judgment,
but some turn away; notes identify them as Jews and recount related disputes about
Abraham, the Pentateuch, and adultery law.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:11
- id: scene:3
label: Warning about limited punishment claim
summary: A group claims that hell-fire will touch them only for a fixed number of
days, and the passage says their devised belief has deceived them.
figure_refs:
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:12
- id: scene:4
label: Day of judgment and recompense
summary: People are gathered on the day of judgment, every soul is paid for what
it has gained, and on the last day each soul finds its good and evil deeds present.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:9
- id: scene:5
label: Divine sovereignty over kingdom and life
summary: God is praised as possessor of the kingdom, giver and remover of power,
maker of night and day, and bringer of living from dead and dead from living.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
- sym:6
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: scene:6
label: Instruction to the faithful
summary: The faithful are warned about choosing protectors, reminded that God knows
hidden and declared things, and instructed to follow and obey God and his apostle.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:6
- fig:9
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: divine assistance in battle
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Victory is attributed to God's agency through the thrown gravel, multiplied
appearance of troops, and angelic auxiliaries led by Gabriel.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
confidence: high
cautions: The available taxonomy list does not include a specific angelic-battle-aid
motif family.
- id: motif:2
label: last judgment and moral recompense
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage describes gathering on the day of judgment, every soul being
paid according to what it gained, and deeds appearing on the last day.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:9
- ev:13
confidence: high
cautions: No additional afterlife geography is described in this excerpt beyond
judgment, hell-fire, and recompense.
- id: motif:3
label: limited punishment claim corrected by judgment
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: A group claims hell-fire will affect them only for a certain number of days,
but the passage counters with the certainty of judgment and recompense.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:12
confidence: high
cautions: The exact duration is supplied in commentary rather than in the Qur'anic
verse itself.
- id: motif:4
label: divine sovereignty grants and removes rule
taxonomy_refs:
- royal_legitimacy
basis: God is addressed as possessor of kingdom who gives kingdom to whom he wills
and takes it away from whom he wills.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage states divine control over rule generally; it does not narrate
a specific royal accession or deposition.
- id: motif:5
label: life from death and death from life
taxonomy_refs:
- death_rebirth
basis: God is described as bringing forth the living from the dead and the dead
from the living, with commentary giving seed and egg examples.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:14
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a theological formula and commentator gloss, not a narrative of
an individual death and rebirth.
- id: motif:6
label: scripture as legal arbiter
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: The passage describes an appeal to the book of God to judge between disputants,
with notes expanding this into disputes over Pentateuchal law.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:11
confidence: medium
cautions: The wisdom taxonomy reference is broad; the passage concerns revealed
legal authority more specifically than wisdom teaching.
- id: motif:7
label: obedience and divine forgiveness
taxonomy_refs:
- covenant
basis: The audience is told that if they love God they should follow the apostle,
after which God will love them and forgive their sins.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage does not explicitly use covenant terminology in this excerpt.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The commentary places the Qur'anic appeal to the book of God in a nearby
Abrahamic scriptural-legal context by discussing the Pentateuch, the law of Moses,
and a New Testament reference to stoning.
claim_level: same_function
target: Abrahamic scripture as legal authority, including Pentateuchal and New Testament
references mentioned in the notes
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:11
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: This is based on Sale's commentary within the provided passage, not
on independent comparison with the cited texts.
- id: claim:2
claim: The passage's day-of-judgment material aligns with a broader divine-judgment
motif family through final gathering, exposure of deeds, and recompense of every
soul.
claim_level: same_motif
target: divine_judgment motif family
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:9
- ev:13
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The claim is motif-level only and does not establish historical contact
beyond the Islamic passage itself.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 10810-10820
quote_or_summary: Commentary says Mohammed, directed by Gabriel, threw gravel toward
the enemy; the Qur'an attributes the true throwing to God, and the enemy fled.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 10820-10829
quote_or_summary: The troops appeared twice as many to the infidels, and God sent
first one thousand and then three thousand angels led by Gabriel to assist them.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: quote
locator: 10842-10845
quote_or_summary: '"They were called unto the book of GOD, that it might judge between
them"; some then turned away.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:4
type: quote
locator: 10846-10848
quote_or_summary: They said that "the fire of hell" would touch them only "for a
certain number of days."
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 10849-10852
quote_or_summary: The passage asks how it will be when they are gathered on the
day of judgment, where every soul is paid what it has gained without injustice.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 10853-10857
quote_or_summary: God is addressed as possessor of kingdom, giving and taking kingdom,
exalting and humbling whom he wills.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 10858-10860
quote_or_summary: God makes night succeed day, brings living from dead and dead
from living, and provides food without measure.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 10861-10868
quote_or_summary: The faithful are warned not to take infidels as protectors rather
than the faithful, except from fear of danger; God knows what is hidden and declared.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 10869-10873
quote_or_summary: On the last day every soul finds its good and evil deeds present,
and God warns people to beware of himself while being gracious to servants.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: 10874-10877
quote_or_summary: The audience is told that if they love God they should follow
the speaker; God will love them and forgive their sins, and they should obey God
and his apostle.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: 10879-10900
quote_or_summary: Notes identify the scripture recipients as Jews and recount disputes
involving Abraham's religion, the Pentateuch as arbiter, adultery, stoning, the
law of Moses, the New Testament, and a Qur'anic stoning verse.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: 10901-10909
quote_or_summary: A note explains the claimed limited punishment as forty days,
or in another opinion seven days, connected with the calf, intercession of fathers,
or a promise to Jacob's offspring.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
type: summary
locator: 10910-10913
quote_or_summary: A note reports a tradition that on the day of judgment the Jews'
banner will be raised first, they will be reproached, and then ordered to hell.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:14
type: summary
locator: '10914'
quote_or_summary: A note glosses living from dead and dead from living with examples
of a man from seed and a bird from an egg, and vice versa.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: medium
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The main Qur'anic themes are clear, but the passage mixes translated scripture
with Sale's commentary and cross-references. Some motif labels, especially covenant,
wisdom, and death-rebirth, are broad taxonomy fits rather than exact narrative
motifs.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. Taxonomy references were limited to the provided motif families and symbols.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l10810-l10901
passage_sha256=4ade869eb3806de10602c7c288d44f81f1fdada794d44ed7277fc2e470dd7f56