batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l10649-l10706
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l10649-l10706
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
label: CHAPTER I. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD / CHAPTER II. / IN THE
NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 10649-10706
start: '10649'
end: '10706'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage commands leniency toward debtors, formal recording and witnessing
of deferred debts, honesty in pledges and testimony, fear of the day of return
to God, belief in God and his messengers, and a prayer for mercy, forgiveness,
relief from burdens, and help against unbelieving nations.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: A creditor is instructed to wait when a debtor has difficulty paying, and
remission of the debt as alms is described as better.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The audience is told to fear a day when they will return to God and every
soul will be paid according to what it has gained without injustice.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: Believers who contract a deferred debt are instructed to write it down with
a writer acting according to justice.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: The debtor is to dictate the debt and fear God, without diminishing anything
from it.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: If the debtor is foolish, weak, or unable to dictate, an agent is to dictate
according to equity.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:11
- id: obs:6
text: Witnessing of debts is prescribed, with two neighboring men or, if not available,
one man and two women chosen as witnesses.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:7
text: Witnesses are told not to refuse when called, and the debt should be written
whether large or small until its payment time.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:8
text: In present bargains transacted immediately, not writing is said to be no crime,
though witnesses are still to be taken when selling.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:9
text: If on a journey with no writer available, pledges are to be taken; if one
person trusts another, the trusted person is to return what was entrusted.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:10
text: Concealing testimony is condemned as having a wicked heart, and God is said
to know what people do.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:11
text: Everything in heaven and on earth is said to belong to God, who will call
people to account for what they manifest or conceal.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:12
text: The apostle and the faithful believe in what has been sent down from the Lord,
including God, angels, scriptures, and apostles, and they say they hear and obey.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:13
text: God is said not to force anyone beyond capacity; each soul has the good and
evil it gains.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: obs:14
text: The closing prayer asks God not to punish forgetfulness or sin, not to lay
a burden like that laid on earlier people, to be favorable, spare, and be merciful,
and to help against unbelieving nations.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- ev:13
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: The divine figure who is feared, instructs, knows all things, owns
heaven and earth, calls souls to account, forgives, punishes, and is addressed
as Lord and patron.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:10
- ev:12
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: debtor
description: A person who owes a debt, may have difficulty paying, and is instructed
to dictate the debt honestly when a deferred debt is recorded.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: creditor
description: A person owed a debt, instructed to wait if the debtor has difficulty
and encouraged to remit it as alms.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: writer
description: A person who writes the debt between parties according to justice and
according to what God has taught him.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: agent
description: A representative who dictates according to equity when the debtor cannot
dictate.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:11
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: witnesses
description: Persons called to witness debts or sales; the passage specifies two
men or one man and two women in the stated circumstance.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: true believers / faithful
description: The addressed community that is commanded regarding debts and is described
as believing and saying, 'We have heard, and do obey.'
role_refs:
- role:9
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:10
- ev:12
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: the apostle
description: The apostle believes in what has been sent down to him from his Lord.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: angels, scriptures, and apostles
description: Objects or beings of belief listed with God; the passage states no
distinction is made between God's apostles.
role_refs:
- role:12
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: unbelieving nations
description: Nations against whom help is requested in the closing prayer.
role_refs:
- role:13
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine judge
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God will call people to account, forgive whom he pleases, punish whom he
pleases, and every soul returns to him for recompense.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:9
- id: role:2
label: divine instructor
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The passage says the writer should write according to what God taught him
and that God will instruct the believers.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:7
- id: role:3
label: patron and merciful addressee
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The prayer addresses God as Lord and patron and asks for favor, sparing,
mercy, and help.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: role:4
label: obligated payer
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The debtor owes the debt and is to dictate it honestly or be represented
if unable.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: role:5
label: lenient creditor
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The creditor is instructed to wait for ease and may remit the debt as alms.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:6
label: just recorder
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The writer records debt agreements according to justice and is not to refuse
writing.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:7
label: representative for incapable debtor
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: The agent dictates according to equity when the debtor is unable to dictate.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:11
- id: role:8
label: legal witness
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Witnesses are called for debt and sale transactions and are told not to refuse
when called.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: role:9
label: obedient believers
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The faithful believe and say they have heard and obey.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: role:10
label: petitioners for mercy
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The closing prayer asks the Lord for mercy, pardon, relief from burdens,
and help.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: role:11
label: recipient of revelation
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: The apostle believes in what has been sent down to him from his Lord.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: role:12
label: objects of belief
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: God, angels, scriptures, and apostles are listed as items of belief.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: role:13
label: opposing nations
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: The prayer asks for help against the unbelieving nations.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: debt
literal_form: debt owed for a certain time, large or small
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:6
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:6
- id: sym:2
label: written record
literal_form: writing down a deferred debt
associated_figures:
- fig:4
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:6
- id: sym:3
label: witnesses
literal_form: two men, or one man and two women, called to witness
associated_figures:
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: sym:4
label: pledges on a journey
literal_form: pledges taken when travelers find no writer
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:5
label: day of return
literal_form: the day wherein souls return unto God
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:6
label: burden
literal_form: a burden like that laid on those before
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- ev:13
- id: sym:7
label: heaven and earth
literal_form: whatever is in heaven and on earth
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Leniency toward a debtor
summary: A creditor is told to wait for a debtor in difficulty, and remitting the
debt as alms is commended.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Return and recompense before God
summary: The audience is warned to fear the day of return to God, when every soul
receives what it has gained without injustice.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Recording and witnessing a deferred debt
summary: Believers contracting a deferred debt are instructed to record it justly,
have the debtor or an agent dictate it, and appoint witnesses.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: scene:4
label: Trade, travel, pledges, and testimony
summary: Immediate bargains need not be written, but witnesses are to be taken in
sales; on a journey without a writer, pledges are used, and testimony must not
be concealed.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:6
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: scene:5
label: Divine ownership and hidden accountability
summary: God is said to own all in heaven and earth and to call people to account
for what they reveal or conceal.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: scene:6
label: Belief, obedience, and prayer for mercy
summary: The apostle and faithful affirm belief in God, angels, scriptures, and
apostles, ask mercy, and pray not to be burdened beyond strength.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:12
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: final return and divine recompense
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage states that all return to God and every soul is paid for what
it has gained without injustice; God also calls people to account, forgives, and
punishes.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:9
confidence: high
cautions: The passage is doctrinal and legal rather than narrative; the motif is
expressed as warning and theological assertion.
- id: motif:2
label: moral accounting of deeds
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage repeatedly uses gain, recompense, hidden or manifest thoughts,
and divine accounting to describe responsibility before God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:9
- ev:12
confidence: high
cautions: This is a conceptual motif, not a mythic episode.
- id: motif:3
label: sacralized exchange and debt remission
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: Debt relations are framed by fear of God, justice, alms, testimony, and divine
instruction; remission as alms is presented as better.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:6
- ev:7
confidence: medium
cautions: The taxonomy label is approximate; the passage concerns legal-ethical
obligations rather than ritual exchange.
- id: motif:4
label: obedient community petitions divine patron
taxonomy_refs:
- covenant
basis: The faithful affirm belief, hear and obey, acknowledge return to the Lord,
and ask their patron for mercy and help.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:12
confidence: medium
cautions: The word covenant is not used in the passage; the motif is inferred from
reciprocal obedience and divine patronage language.
- id: motif:5
label: burden limited to capacity
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage states that God does not force anyone beyond capacity and includes
a prayer not to bear what the petitioners lack strength to bear.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
confidence: high
cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference precisely matches this motif.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage and its note situate belief in God's apostles in relation to
Jewish and Christian reception or rejection of particular prophets, contrasting
the faithful claim that no distinction is made between apostles.
claim_level: same_function
target: nearby Jewish and Christian prophetic-reception traditions as described
in Sale's note
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:14
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: This comparison is based on the translator's note included in the provided
passage, not on a detailed presentation of Jewish or Christian source texts.
- id: claim:2
claim: The prayer not to bear a burden like that laid on earlier people is explicitly
glossed by the note as referring to obligations attributed to Jews, making the
passage compare current petitioners' burdens with those of a prior community.
claim_level: same_function
target: earlier-community burden ascribed to Jews in the note
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- ev:13
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The claim relies on the provided commentary note and does not independently
verify the referenced practices.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 10649-10652
quote_or_summary: A debtor in difficulty is to be given time; remitting the debt
as alms is said to be better.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: quote
locator: lines 10653-10654
quote_or_summary: "“fear the day wherein ye shall return unto GOD; then shall every
soul be paid what it hath gained”"
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 10655-10661
quote_or_summary: Believers contracting a debt for a certain time are told to write
it down; a writer is to write justly, and the debtor is to dictate without diminishing
it.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 10661-10663
quote_or_summary: If the debtor is foolish, weak, or unable to dictate, an agent
is to dictate according to equity.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 10663-10667
quote_or_summary: 'Witnesses are to be called: two men, or if not two men, one man
and two women, so one woman may remind the other if she mistakes.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 10667-10672
quote_or_summary: Witnesses should not refuse when called, and debts large or small
should be written until their time of payment because this is more just and removes
doubt.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 10672-10677
quote_or_summary: Immediate bargains need not be written; witnesses should be taken
in sales; no harm should be done to writer or witness, and God will instruct the
believers.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 10678-10682
quote_or_summary: On a journey with no writer, pledges are to be taken; the trusted
person should return the trust; testimony must not be concealed.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: lines 10683-10687
quote_or_summary: Whatever is in heaven and earth belongs to God; whether thoughts
are manifested or concealed, God will call people to account, forgive, and punish
as he pleases.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: lines 10688-10693
quote_or_summary: The apostle and faithful believe in what was sent down from the
Lord, in God, angels, scriptures, and apostles, and say they hear and obey.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: footnote g, lines 10700-10701
quote_or_summary: The note glosses the agent as one who manages the debtor's affairs,
such as father, heir, guardian, or interpreter.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: lines 10694-10699
quote_or_summary: God does not force beyond capacity; the prayer asks not to be
punished for forgetfulness or sin, not to bear unbearable burdens, and for mercy
and help against unbelieving nations.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
type: summary
locator: footnote i, lines 10703-10706
quote_or_summary: The note explains the burden laid on those before as obligations
attributed to Jews by commentators.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:14
type: summary
locator: footnote h, lines 10701-10703
quote_or_summary: The note says Muslims apply making no distinction between apostles
against Jews who accept Moses but reject Jesus and Christians who accept Moses
and Jesus but reject Mohammed.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: Literal legal and devotional content is clear. Motif labels involving sacred
exchange and covenant are interpretive approximations and should be reviewed.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Used only the supplied passage and metadata. No taxonomy symbol references were applied because none of the available symbol terms occur as central literal symbols in this passage.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l10649-l10706
passage_sha256=0e81e23c10ede99e271d02aa631bd885026d64b8e19f3b6af093029a840a249e