Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l10202-l10265

batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l10202-l10265

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg-l10202-l10265
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER I. / IN THE NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD / CHAPTER II. / IN THE
    NAME OF THE MOST MERCIFUL GOD.; lines 10202-10265
  start: '10202'
  end: '10265'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: These are the ordinances of GOD; therefore transgress them not
  summary: The passage gives rulings on oaths, vows of abstaining from wives, waiting
    periods after divorce, reconciliation, repeated divorce, dowry-related redemption,
    and remarriage conditions. It repeatedly frames these rules as ordinances of God
    and describes God as hearing, knowing, merciful, gracious, mighty, and wise.
  language: English
  quote_policy: quoted
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The audience is told not to make God the object of oaths in a way that prevents
    justice, devotion, or peacemaking.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: God is said not to punish an inconsiderate word in oaths, but to punish what
    hearts have assented to.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: Those who vow to abstain from their wives are allowed a four-month waiting
    period, with reconciliation or divorce addressed afterward.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: Divorced women are instructed to wait for three courses and not conceal what
    God has created in their wombs.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: The passage states that women and husbands should behave toward each other
    according to what is just, while also stating that men have superiority over them.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: Divorce may occur twice, after which the wife is either retained with humanity
    or dismissed with kindness.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: The passage forbids taking back what has been given to wives except where
    both fear they cannot observe God’s ordinances, and it permits a wife to redeem
    herself in that circumstance.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: After a third divorce, the woman is not lawful for the first husband again
    until she has married another husband and that husband has divorced her.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: The rules are repeatedly described as God’s ordinances, and transgressors
    of them are called unjust doers.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: Divine authority described as hearing, knowing, merciful, gracious,
    mighty, and wise, and as the source of ordinances.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Addressed believers or audience
  description: The people addressed by the injunctions concerning oaths, vows, divorce,
    and observance of God’s ordinances.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Husbands
  description: Men addressed in relation to vows of abstaining from wives, divorce,
    reconciliation, retaining, dismissing, and possible return after remarriage.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Wives or divorced women
  description: Women addressed in relation to abstention vows, divorce waiting periods,
    womb disclosure, reconciliation, dismissal, and redemption.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Another husband
  description: A subsequent husband whom the divorced woman must marry before she
    can lawfully return to the first husband after a third divorce, if the subsequent
    marriage also ends in divorce.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine lawgiver
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage identifies the rules as ordinances of God and says God declares
    them to people of understanding.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:2
  label: divine judge of intention
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God is said not to punish inadvertent oaths but to punish what hearts have
    assented to.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:3
  label: recipients of injunctions
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The passage directly instructs the audience about oaths and observance of
    divine ordinances.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
- id: role:4
  label: marital decision-maker under divine ordinances
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Husbands are described in relation to abstention, divorce, reconciliation,
    retaining, dismissing, and remarriage conditions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:5
  label: wife or divorced woman under waiting and disclosure rules
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Divorced women are instructed to wait, not conceal what is in their wombs,
    and may be retained, dismissed, or redeem themselves under specified conditions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: intervening spouse
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The third-divorce rule requires marriage to another husband before return
    to the first husband can be lawful.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: oath
  literal_form: spoken oath or vow involving God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: sym:2
  label: heart assent
  literal_form: that which the hearts have assented to
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:3
  label: four-month waiting period
  literal_form: four months allowed after a vow to abstain from wives
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:4
  label: three courses
  literal_form: three menstrual courses as a waiting period for divorced women
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:5
  label: womb
  literal_form: what God has created in their wombs
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:6
  label: ordinances of God
  literal_form: legal-religious ordinances attributed to God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: sym:7
  label: wife’s redemption
  literal_form: that for which the wife shall redeem herself, glossed as release of
    part of her dowry
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Regulation of oaths
  summary: The audience is instructed not to misuse oaths involving God, and intentional
    oaths are distinguished from inadvertent words.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Vow of abstention and possible reconciliation
  summary: Those who vow to abstain from wives may wait four months; if they go back
    from the vow, God is described as gracious and merciful, while divorce remains
    possible.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Waiting period and womb disclosure after divorce
  summary: Divorced women are instructed to wait three courses and not conceal what
    God has created in their wombs; the passage also discusses reconciliation and
    reciprocal just conduct.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Two divorces, retention, dismissal, and redemption
  summary: After two divorces, a wife is either retained humanely or dismissed kindly;
    taking back gifts is prohibited except where observance of God’s ordinances is
    feared, in which case the wife’s redemption is permitted.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: scene:5
  label: Third divorce and intervening marriage
  summary: After a third divorce, return to the first husband is not lawful until
    the woman has married another husband and that husband has divorced her; the rules
    are again called God’s ordinances.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: divine regulation of oaths and vows
  taxonomy_refs:
  - covenant
  basis: The passage treats oaths and vows as religiously binding speech subject to
    divine knowledge, mercy, and punishment according to intention.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage is juridical and devotional rather than narrative myth; the
    taxonomy reference is approximate because no formal covenant scene is described.
- id: motif:2
  label: divine judgment of hidden intention
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: God is said to distinguish inadvertent oath-speech from what the heart has
    assented to and to punish the latter.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a legal-theological principle, not an enacted judgment scene.
- id: motif:3
  label: sacred marital exchange under divine ordinance
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  basis: The passage regulates gifts, taking back what has been given, and a wife’s
    redemption in the context of divorce under God’s ordinances.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The exchange is legal and marital; it is only cautiously mapped to a broad
    sacred-exchange motif family.
- id: motif:4
  label: divine ordinances declared to people of understanding
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The passage closes by saying God declares these ordinances to people of understanding.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The wisdom motif is implicit in the address to understanding rather than
    developed as a wisdom tale or instruction dialogue.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: quote
  locator: lines 10202-10203
  quote_or_summary: "“Make not GOD the object of your oaths ... that ye will deal
    justly, and be devout, and make peace among men” and God is described as hearing
    and knowing."
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; short excerpt used for scholarly extraction.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 10204-10206
  quote_or_summary: God will not punish an inconsiderate word in oaths, but will punish
    what hearts have assented to; God is merciful and gracious.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 10207-10211
  quote_or_summary: Those who vow to abstain from wives may wait four months; if they
    go back from the vow God is gracious and merciful, and if they resolve on divorce
    God hears and knows.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 10212-10220
  quote_or_summary: Divorced women wait until three courses, may not conceal what
    God has created in their wombs, and reconciliation and just reciprocal conduct
    are addressed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 10221-10229
  quote_or_summary: Divorce may occur twice, followed by humane retention or kind
    dismissal; taking back what was given is restricted, redemption by the wife is
    permitted under fear of failing God’s ordinances, and transgressors of the ordinances
    are unjust doers.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 10230-10236
  quote_or_summary: After a third divorce, the woman is not lawful to the first husband
    until she marries another husband; if the second husband divorces her, return
    is allowed if God’s ordinances can be observed, and God declares these ordinances
    to people of understanding.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 10262-10264
  quote_or_summary: The note explains the wife’s redemption as prevailing on the husband
    to dismiss her by releasing part of her dowry.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-sale.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: high
  notes: Literal legal and theological content is clear. Motif assignments are cautious
    because the passage is primarily juridical rather than mythic narrative. No comparison
    claims were added because the passage itself does not support a comparison to
    another text or tradition.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the supplied passage and metadata. Available symbol taxonomy terms did not apply to this passage.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-sale-gutenberg__l10202-l10265
  passage_sha256=abdeba351cefcd9e9c177da4c50185d39a2f0638275a002920feca93ebc592a2