Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l998-l1141

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l998-l1141

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l998-l1141
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
  label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
    PREFACE; lines 998-1141
  start: '998'
  end: '1141'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage presents an opening prayer praising Allah as merciful maker
    and king of the day of fate, asking for guidance on the straight path. It then
    gives Sura XCVI, in which God commands recitation in the name of the creating
    Lord, says man was created from clots of blood, teaches by the pen, warns against
    human insolence and opposition to a praying servant, and threatens punishment
    by the guards of Hell while commanding adoration and nearness to God. Translator
    notes discuss the Bismillah formula, the term qaraa, and Gabriel as speaker in
    the Suras.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Allah is praised as merciful, compassionate, maker of the three worlds, and
    king of the day of fate.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The speaking worshippers say they worship Allah alone and ask Allah alone
    for aid.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The worshippers ask to be guided to the straight path, distinguished from
    the path of those hated or deviating.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: The Sura opens with a command to recite in the name of the Lord who created.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: Man is said to have been created from clots of blood.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: The Lord is said to have taught the use of the pen and taught man what he
    did not know.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: Man is described as insolent because he sees himself as possessed of riches.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: All are said to return to the Lord.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:9
  text: A figure is described as holding back a servant of God when the servant prays.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: The passage asks whether the obstructing figure knows that God sees.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:11
  text: A warning states that if the obstructing figure does not desist, he will be
    seized by the forelock, described as lying and sinful.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:12
  text: The obstructing figure may summon his associates, while the divine speaker
    will summon the guards of Hell.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:13
  text: The final command is not to obey the obstructing figure, but to adore and
    draw near to God.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:14
  text: A translator note says the Bismillah formula is of Jewish origin and was adopted
    and used by Muhammad.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:15
  text: A translator note says the speaker in the Suras is Gabriel, of whom Muhammad
    believed he had a vision on Mount Hira near Mecca.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Allah / God / Lord
  description: The merciful and compassionate deity praised as maker, worshipped alone,
    asked for guidance, creator of man, teacher by the pen, seer of human acts, and
    summoner of Hell's guards.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Speaking worshippers
  description: The first-person plural speakers who worship Allah alone and ask for
    aid and guidance.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Man
  description: Humanity, created from clots of blood, taught by the Lord, and described
    as prone to insolence when rich.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Servant of God
  description: A servant of God who prays and is held back by another figure.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: One who holds back the servant
  description: A figure who holds back a servant of God during prayer, is accused
    of lying and sin, and is threatened with seizure by the forelock.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Associates
  description: The associates whom the obstructing figure is told to summon.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Guards of Hell
  description: The guards of Hell whom the divine speaker says will be summoned.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Gabriel
  description: In a translator note, Gabriel is identified as the speaker in the Suras.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Muhammad
  description: In translator notes, Muhammad is said to have adopted and used the
    Bismillah formula and to have believed he had a vision of Gabriel on Mount Hira.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: merciful sovereign
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Allah is called merciful and compassionate and king of the day of fate.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: creator
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God is described as maker of the worlds and as Lord who created man.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
- id: role:3
  label: teacher of knowledge
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The Lord teaches the use of the pen and teaches man what he did not know.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:4
  label: judge and punisher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: All return to the Lord; God sees; the divine speaker threatens seizure and
    summons Hell's guards.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: role:5
  label: supplicants
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The speakers worship and ask for aid and guidance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:6
  label: created human subject
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Man is created from clots, taught, and warned against insolence.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:7
  label: praying servant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: A servant of God is described as praying.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:8
  label: opponent of prayer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: This figure holds back the praying servant and is warned to desist.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: role:9
  label: human allies of opponent
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The opponent is told to summon his associates.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:10
  label: agents of hellish punishment
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The divine speaker says the guards of Hell will be summoned.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:11
  label: angelic speaker in translator note
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The note identifies Gabriel as the speaker in the Suras.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:12
  label: recipient and adopter in translator notes
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Notes say Muhammad adopted the formula and believed he had a vision of Gabriel.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: straight path
  literal_form: path that is straight
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:2
  label: day of fate
  literal_form: day of Fate
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: clots of blood
  literal_form: clots of blood
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:4
  label: pen
  literal_form: the pen
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:5
  label: forelock
  literal_form: lying sinful forelock
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:6
  label: Hell
  literal_form: Hell
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:7
  label: Mount Hira
  literal_form: mountain Hira near Mecca
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Opening praise and supplication
  summary: Allah is praised as merciful creator and king of the day of fate; the speakers
    worship him alone and ask for aid and guidance on the straight path.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Command to recite and divine teaching
  summary: The Sura commands recitation in the name of the creating Lord, describes
    man as made from clots of blood, and says the Lord taught the pen and unknown
    knowledge.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:3
  label: Warning against insolence and obstruction of prayer
  summary: Man is warned against insolence from riches, all are said to return to
    the Lord, and an opponent who prevents a servant's prayer is warned that God sees.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:4
  label: Threat of divine enforcement
  summary: The opponent is warned of seizure by the forelock and told he may call
    associates, while the divine speaker will call the guards of Hell; the listener
    is commanded to adore and draw near to God.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:5
  label: Translator note on revelation setting
  summary: A note identifies Gabriel as speaker in the Suras and says Muhammad believed
    he had a vision of Gabriel on Mount Hira near Mecca.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Divine judgment and punishment of the impious opponent
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage states that all return to the Lord, that God sees the opponent,
    and that the divine speaker will seize him and summon the guards of Hell if he
    does not desist.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage emphasizes warning and judgment, but does not narrate the
    punishment as already carried out.
- id: motif:2
  label: Divine gift of knowledge through writing
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The Lord is said to teach the use of the pen and to teach man what he did
    not know.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage presents teaching as a theological claim, not a full wisdom
    tale.
- id: motif:3
  label: Guidance on the straight path
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The worshippers ask Allah to guide them to the straight path and away from
    hated or deviating paths.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference directly corresponds to the straight-path
    image.
- id: motif:4
  label: Human origin from lowly bodily matter
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Man is said to be created from clots of blood.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The available taxonomy list does not include a creation-from-blood or
    anthropogony category.
- id: motif:5
  label: Visionary revelation through an angelic speaker on a mountain
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The translator note says Gabriel is the speaker in the Suras and that Muhammad
    believed he had a vision on Mount Hira near Mecca.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is from a translator note, not the translated verses in this passage,
    and no available motif family precisely matches it.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: A translator note explicitly compares the Bismillah formula to Jewish tradition
    by stating that it is of Jewish origin and was adopted and used by Muhammad.
  claim_level: historical_contact
  target: Jewish-origin sacred formula used as the Bismillah
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The claim rests on the translator's note within the passage, not on
    independent evidence supplied here.
- id: claim:2
  claim: A translator note links the Qur'anic root qaraa to the term Koran and analogizes
    it to Rabbinic mikra, supporting a cautious linguistic comparison rather than
    a motif identity.
  claim_level: linguistic_similarity
  target: Rabbinic mikra and the Arabic root qaraa / Koran
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The comparison is lexical and philological; it does not establish shared
    narrative motif or historical dependence by itself.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 998-1002
  quote_or_summary: 'Opening prayer: in Allah''s name; praise to Allah who made the
    three worlds; merciful and compassionate; king of the day of fate; worshipped
    alone and asked for aid.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short summary used.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1003-1006
  quote_or_summary: The speakers ask to be guided to the straight path, the path of
    those loved, not those hated or deviating.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short summary used.
- id: ev:3
  type: quote
  locator: Sura XCVI, opening verses in supplied passage
  quote_or_summary: '"RECITE thou, in the name of thy Lord who created; Created man
    from CLOTS OF BLOOD"'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used for evidence.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: Sura XCVI, verses on pen in supplied passage
  quote_or_summary: The Lord is called most beneficent, teaches the use of the pen,
    and teaches man what he did not know.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short summary used.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: Sura XCVI, verses on human insolence and return in supplied passage
  quote_or_summary: Man is called insolent because he sees himself rich; all return
    to the Lord.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short summary used.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: Sura XCVI, verses on the servant at prayer in supplied passage
  quote_or_summary: The passage asks about one who holds back a servant of God when
    he prays and asks whether that figure knows God sees.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short summary used.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: Sura XCVI, closing warning in supplied passage
  quote_or_summary: If the opponent does not desist, he will be seized by the lying
    sinful forelock; he may summon associates, while the divine speaker summons guards
    of Hell; the command is to adore and draw near to God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short summary used.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: translator note 2 to Sura XCVI in supplied passage
  quote_or_summary: The note says the Bismillah formula is of Jewish origin, was taught
    to the Koreisch by Omayah of Taief, and was adopted and constantly used by Muhammad.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short summary used.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: translator note 3 to Sura XCVI in supplied passage
  quote_or_summary: The note says Gabriel is the speaker in the Suras and that Muhammad
    believed he had a vision of Gabriel on Mount Hira near Mecca.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short summary used.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: translator note 3 to Sura XCVI in supplied passage
  quote_or_summary: The note discusses qaraa as the root of Koran, meaning to address,
    recite, call, cry aloud, or proclaim, and compares it with Rabbinic mikra.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short summary used.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Verse-level observations are direct from the supplied passage. Some figures
    and motifs derive from translator notes rather than the translated Qur'anic verses
    and should be reviewed separately.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No taxonomy IDs beyond the supplied lists were added. Comparison claims are limited to claims explicitly made by translator notes in the passage.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l998-l1141
  passage_sha256=3a67a7cd73b2d362ee94dfd9b75edffced48a5b847ce111473aefbdab89fd9a0