Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l386-l465

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l386-l465

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l386-l465
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
  label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
    PREFACE; lines 386-465
  start: '386'
  end: '465'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage contains a dedication and the translator's preface explaining
    the non-chronological arrangement of the Suras. It summarizes the early collection
    of Qur'anic fragments under Abu Bekr at Omar's suggestion, Zaid Ibn Thbit's role
    in gathering materials from written objects and human memory, the custody of the
    copy by Haphsa, later disputes over variant readings, Othman's standardization
    of a text with Zaid and Quraysh colleagues, the burning of earlier copies, and
    the translator's judgment that the resulting arrangement is unsystematic but evidence
    of Zaid's honesty and reverence for the sacred text.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The translator dedicates the volume with esteem for the dedicatee's private
    worth, public services, and literary attainments.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The preface states that the order of the Suras in Arabic manuscripts and printed
    editions is not chronological and is not shown by authentic tradition to rest
    on Muhammad's authority.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The passage says scattered fragments of the Koran were first collected by
    Abu Bekr about a year after the Prophet's death at Omar's suggestion.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: Omar is described as fearing loss of the revelations because Muslim warriors
    who remembered large portions were dying or being slain.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: Zaid Ibn Thbit is identified as Muhammad's amanuensis and as the person chosen
    to gather the fragments.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: The fragments are said to have been gathered from date leaves, white stone
    tablets, and the breasts of men.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: The copy formed by Zaid is said to have remained with Abu Bekr and then to
    have been committed to the custody of Haphsa, one of Muhammad's widows.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: The passage states that variant readings arose from copies of the standard
    text and caused serious disputes under Othman.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: Hodzeifa warned that the people should be stopped before differing over their
    scriptures as Jews and Christians did.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: Othman established a sole standard text and assigned Zaid and Quraysh colleagues
    to the redaction.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:11
  text: Copies of the new text were sent to chief military stations, and previous
    copies were burned.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:12
  text: The preface says Zaid and his coadjutors arranged materials largely by placing
    the longest and best-known Suras first after the opening chapter rather than by
    chronological order.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:13
  text: The translator characterizes the arranged text as a patchwork with Meccan
    and Medina materials intermingled.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:14
  text: The translator says Zaid's lack of reshaping, linking, suppression, or softening
    of details proves scrupulous honesty and reverence for the sacred text.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: the translator
  description: Speaker of the dedication and preface; explains the arrangement used
    in the translation.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Muhammad
  description: Named as the Prophet, founder of Islam, speaker of the Meccan idiom,
    and the person whose authority is not authentically shown for the received order
    of Suras.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:7
  - ev:11
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Abu Bekr
  description: Muhammad's immediate successor, under whom scattered fragments of the
    Koran were first collected.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Omar
  description: The person who suggested collecting the fragments because he foresaw
    possible loss of the revelations.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Muslim warriors
  description: Warriors whose memories held large portions of the revelations and
    who died or were slain.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Zaid Ibn Thbit
  description: A native of Medina, one of the Ansars, Muhammad's amanuensis, and the
    person selected to collect and later help redact the text.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  - ev:11
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Haphsa
  description: One of Muhammad's widows and custodian of the copy formed by Zaid.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Othman
  description: Caliph under whom disputes over readings led to establishment of a
    sole standard text.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Hodzeifa
  description: Person whose warning urged intervention before the people differed
    over their scriptures.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Quraysh colleagues
  description: Three, or according to others twelve, Koreisch colleagues associated
    with Zaid for the redaction.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Jews and Christians
  description: Groups cited in Hodzeifa's warning as examples of people who differed
    regarding their scriptures.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: M. Kasimirski
  description: A prior writer quoted in the preface for describing the arranged text
    as an incoherent assemblage.
  role_refs:
  - role:13
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: translator-prefacer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage presents a dedication by the translator and a preface explaining
    editorial arrangement.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:2
  label: prophet and founder referenced
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Muhammad is called the Prophet and the founder of Islam, and his authority
    is discussed in relation to the Suras' order.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:11
- id: role:3
  label: first collector's patron or authority
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The fragments were collected by Abu Bekr, Muhammad's immediate successor.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:4
  label: initiator of preservation effort
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Omar suggested the collection because he foresaw loss of the revelations.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:5
  label: living memory depositaries
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Their memories are described as the sole depositaries of large portions of
    the revelations.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:6
  label: collector of fragments
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Zaid was chosen to gather the fragments from multiple sources.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:7
  label: redactor and compiler
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Othman entrusted redaction to Zaid, and the translator later discusses Zaid's
    compiling method.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:11
- id: role:8
  label: custodian of standard copy
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The copy was committed to Haphsa's custody.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:9
  label: standardizing caliph
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Othman determined to establish a sole standard text.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:10
  label: warner against scriptural division
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Hodzeifa warned to stop the people before they differed over scripture.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:11
  label: redaction collaborators
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: Quraysh colleagues were associated with Zaid to secure purity of the Meccan
    idiom and decide readings.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:12
  label: comparative example of scriptural difference
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: Jews and Christians are named in Hodzeifa's warning as groups that differed
    regarding scripture.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:13
  label: quoted critical authority
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: Kasimirski is quoted in the preface to characterize the text's arrangement.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: scattered fragments of sacred text
  literal_form: fragments of the Koran
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:2
  label: date leaves
  literal_form: date leaves used as written sources for fragments
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:3
  label: white stone tablets
  literal_form: tablets of white stone used as written sources for fragments
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: breasts of men
  literal_form: human memory described as the place from which fragments were gathered
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:5
  label: standard copy
  literal_form: copy formed by Zaid and kept as a standard
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:6
  label: flames
  literal_form: flames consuming previously existing copies
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:7
  label: patchwork text
  literal_form: arranged text described as an unreadable and incongruous patchwork
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:12
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Dedication by the translator
  summary: The translator dedicates the volume with esteem for the dedicatee's qualities
    and services.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Explanation of non-chronological arrangement
  summary: The preface states that the received order of the Suras is not chronological
    and lacks authentic tradition tying it to Muhammad's authority.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: First collection after the Prophet's death
  summary: After Muhammad's death, Abu Bekr has scattered fragments collected at Omar's
    suggestion because remembered portions may be lost as warriors die.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Custody of the collected copy
  summary: The copy formed by Zaid remains with Abu Bekr and is then committed to
    Haphsa's custody, serving as the standard during Omar's caliphate.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:5
  label: Othman's standardization
  summary: Variant readings lead to disputes; after Hodzeifa's warning, Othman establishes
    a sole standard text with Zaid and Quraysh colleagues, sends copies to military
    stations, and burns earlier copies.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: scene:6
  label: Translator's assessment of arrangement and compiler
  summary: The translator says the arrangement lacks chronology and continuity but
    also argues that Zaid's unaltered compiling shows honesty and reverence for the
    sacred text.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:12
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: preservation of threatened revelation
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage frames the first collection as a response to the danger that
    large portions of the revelations could be lost when memory-holding warriors died.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is a historical-editorial account in a translator's preface, not
    a mythic narrative episode.
- id: motif:2
  label: authoritative standardization of sacred scripture
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage describes Othman's creation of a sole standard text to resolve
    disputes over variant readings.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The pattern is institutional and textual rather than explicitly mythological.
- id: motif:3
  label: destruction of rival or prior copies by fire
  taxonomy_refs:
  - world_destroying_fire
  basis: Previously existing copies are said to have been committed to the flames
    after a standard text was made.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: low
  cautions: The fire destroys copies, not the world; the taxonomy link is only a loose
    symbolic association with destructive fire and should be reviewed.
- id: motif:4
  label: honest compiler preserving contradictions
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The translator says Zaid did not fill chasms, suppress discreditable details,
    or soften inaccuracies, and treats this as evidence of honesty and reverence for
    the sacred text.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  confidence: low
  cautions: The available taxonomy reference 'wisdom' is only indirectly related;
    the passage describes editorial integrity more than a wisdom tale.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage itself compares the danger of Muslim disagreement over scripture
    to Jews and Christians differing regarding their scriptures.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Jewish and Christian scriptural-dispute precedent named in Hodzeifa's warning
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The comparison is reported as Hodzeifa's warning within the translator's
    historical account; no details of Jewish or Christian disputes are supplied.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 386-397
  quote_or_summary: The volume is dedicated by the translator with esteem for the
    dedicatee's private worth, public services, and literary attainments.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 398-406
  quote_or_summary: The preface explains that the arrangement of the Suras in manuscripts
    and editions is not chronological and lacks authentic tradition showing Muhammad's
    authority for that order.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 406-414
  quote_or_summary: Scattered fragments of the Koran were first collected by Abu Bekr
    about a year after the Prophet's death at Omar's suggestion, because warriors
    whose memories held revelations were dying or being slain.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: quote
  locator: lines 414-419
  quote_or_summary: Zaid, Muhammad's amanuensis, was chosen for the task and gathered
    fragments "from date leaves and tablets of white stone, and from the breasts of
    men."
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 419-423
  quote_or_summary: The copy formed by Zaid likely remained with Abu Bekr and was
    then committed to Haphsa's custody, continuing as the standard during Omar's caliphate.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 423-429
  quote_or_summary: Variant readings arose and caused serious disputes under Othman;
    Hodzeifa warned against allowing the people to differ regarding scripture as Jews
    and Christians did.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 429-437
  quote_or_summary: Othman determined to establish a sole standard text and entrusted
    redaction to Zaid with Quraysh colleagues to secure the Meccan idiom and decide
    readings.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: quote
  locator: lines 437-440
  quote_or_summary: Copies of the new text were sent to chief military stations, and
    "all previously existing copies were committed to the flames."
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 441-449
  quote_or_summary: Zaid and his coadjutors appear to have placed the longest and
    best-known Suras first after the opening chapter, while chronological arrangement
    was lost.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 449-459
  quote_or_summary: The preface describes Medina and Meccan verses as intermixed and
    characterizes the received arrangement as an unreadable, incongruous patchwork,
    quoting Kasimirski on its incoherence.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 459-465
  quote_or_summary: The translator says Zaid simply brought together and transcribed
    materials without reshaping, filling gaps, suppressing discreditable details,
    or softening inaccuracies, which proves honesty and reverence for the sacred text.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: low
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The passage is a translator's historical preface rather than a narrative
    myth passage. Literal figures and textual patterns are clear, but motif assignments
    are interpretive and need review.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. Taxonomy references are omitted except where a literal symbol or tentative motif connection is directly present in the passage.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l386-l465
  passage_sha256=61cd3f387e45b78c9f8556ae9f5db974e73ca6f7c899bf4e08989c7f3d347211