batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l26547-l26653
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l26547-l26653
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
PREFACE; lines 26547-26653
start: '26547'
end: '26653'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation / notes
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage is a sequence of notes comparing Qur'anic verses and expressions
with rabbinic, biblical, apocryphal Christian, and Islamic traditional materials.
It discusses Cain and the value of a single life, moral scales of guilt and innocence,
punishment for theft, relations among Muslims, Jews, and Christians, judgment
imagery, the Qur'an as complement to earlier scriptures, idols or figures, the
Kaaba and Black Stone, marked sacred animals, Jesus speaking in the cradle and
the story of birds, the apostles, and a possible Eucharistic reference.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: A rabbinic passage about Cain is cited, explaining the plural 'bloods' as
Cain's brother's blood and the blood of his seed.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The cited rabbinic passage says that killing a single individual of Israel
is reckoned as killing the whole race.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: A Babylonian Talmud passage is cited in which one commandment tips the scale
of innocence for oneself and the whole world, while one sin tips the scale of
guilt.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:4
text: Early traditionists are said to report that Muhammad punished a woman guilty
of theft while on the route to Mecca before its capture.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: The note mentions proposals for Muslims to ally with Jews and Christians against
heathen opponents after the reverse at Ohod.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: The note reports Lane's description of Muslim religious pride, contempt for
unbelievers, and also toleration.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:7
text: A note says that Muslims believe that at the day of judgment all Jews will
appear with the right hand tied to the neck.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:8
text: The note identifies the Qur'an as the text intended by a prior reference and
says Jews retain the Law, Christians the Gospel, and both receive the Qur'an as
complement of both.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:9
text: A note says tradition expanded the term 'ansab' to include all figures, leading
strict observers to forbid chess.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:10
text: The Kaaba is described as the Cube-House, also called House of God, and as
an oblong massive structure in an open parallelogram surrounded by colonnades.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:11
text: The Black Stone is located at the southeast corner of the Kaaba and is described
by Burton as an undoubted aerolite.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:12
text: Several names are given for sacred animals that were marked and allowed to
range freely for pasture.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:13
text: The sacred animals include a dedicated mother-camel, goats or ewes, the eleventh
female offspring of a camel, and a dedicated stallion.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:14
text: A note cites the Gospel of the Infancy for Jesus speaking while lying in a
cradle.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:15
text: Another note says the same expression is applied to Jesus in the Arabic Gospel
of the Infancy, which also relates the story of the birds.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:16
text: The word rendered apostles is discussed etymologically and distinguished from
the word used for Jesus, Hud, Saleh, and other apostles par excellence.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:17
text: A note compares a passage with 1 Corinthians and says Muhammad refers to the
Eucharist.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Cain
description: The brother-murderer named in the cited rabbinic passage.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Cain's brother
description: The murdered brother whose 'bloods' cry out in the cited passage.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Muhammad
description: Reported by early traditionists to have punished a woman guilty of
theft; also named in a note about a Eucharistic reference.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:9
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: woman guilty of theft
description: A woman whom Muhammad is said to have punished while on the route to
Mecca.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Muslims
description: A religious community mentioned in connection with possible alliances,
religious pride, toleration, and beliefs about judgment.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Jews
description: A religious community mentioned in connection with alliance proposals,
the Law, and a judgment-day belief.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Christians
description: A religious community mentioned in connection with alliance proposals,
the Gospel, and reception of the Qur'an as complement.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: God
description: Mentioned in notes as bounteous and as Lord.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:9
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Jesus
description: Named in notes concerning speech from the cradle, the story of the
birds, apostles, and comparison with the Gospel of the Infancy.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: apostles / hawariyin
description: A group discussed through the Arabic term El-hawariyin and its possible
roots.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Bedouin
description: Mentioned as having intense affection for flocks, especially horses
and camels, in relation to sacred-animal customs.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
label: brother-murderer
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Cain is identified as the one who murdered his brother.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: murdered brother
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The cited passage refers to the voice of the brother's bloods after Cain's
murder.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:3
label: punisher and prophetic referent
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Muhammad is said to have punished a thief and is later said to refer to the
Eucharist.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:9
- id: role:4
label: theft offender
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The woman is described as guilty of theft.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:5
label: religious community
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Muslims are discussed as a community in relation to alliances, attitudes
to other faiths, and judgment beliefs.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: role:6
label: scriptural community
assigned_to:
- fig:6
- fig:7
basis: Jews and Christians are discussed in relation to earlier scriptures and reception
of the Qur'an.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:7
label: divine lord
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: God is mentioned as bounteous and as Lord.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:9
- id: role:8
label: miraculous child figure
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: Jesus is linked to speech while in the cradle and to the story of birds.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:9
label: apostolic helpers
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: The note discusses the word El-hawariyin as apostles, friends, or helpers.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:10
label: pastoral group associated with animal customs
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: The Bedouin are associated with intense affection for flocks, horses, and
camels, from which the note says sacred-animal customs grew.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: bloods of the murdered brother
literal_form: plural 'bloods' indicating the victim's blood and the blood of his
seed
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: scale of innocence and guilt
literal_form: scale tipped by one commandment or one sin
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:3
label: bound right hand at judgment
literal_form: right hand tied to the neck at the day of judgment
associated_figures:
- fig:5
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:4
label: Qur'an as complement of earlier scripture
literal_form: the Qur'an received as complement of the Law and Gospel
associated_figures:
- fig:6
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:5
label: figures / ansab
literal_form: figures included under a term expanded by tradition; chess forbidden
by strict observers
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:6
label: Kaaba
literal_form: Cube-House / House of God, an oblong massive structure in Mecca
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:7
label: Black Stone
literal_form: Hajar El-Aswad at the southeast corner of the Kaaba, described as
an aerolite
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:8
label: marked sacred animals
literal_form: dedicated animals marked and allowed to range freely for pasture
associated_figures:
- fig:11
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:9
label: cradle speech
literal_form: Jesus speaking while lying in a cradle
associated_figures:
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:10
label: birds of the infancy story
literal_form: the story of the Birds in the Arabic Gospel of the Infancy
associated_figures:
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:11
label: Eucharist
literal_form: Eucharist identified by the note as a referent
associated_figures:
- fig:3
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Rabbinic comparison concerning Cain and moral scales
summary: The notes cite rabbinic materials about Cain's murder of his brother, the
value of a single life, and a Talmudic scale of innocence and guilt affected by
one deed.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Punishment for theft before the capture of Mecca
summary: Muhammad is reported by early traditionists to have punished a woman guilty
of theft while traveling toward Mecca before its capture.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Muslim relations with Jews and Christians
summary: The notes discuss proposed alliances with Jews and Christians after Ohod
and cite Lane on Muslim attitudes toward people of other faiths.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:4
label: Judgment sign and scriptural complement
summary: The notes mention a belief about Jews appearing at judgment with the right
hand tied to the neck and describe the Qur'an as complementing the Law and Gospel.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:5
label: Kaaba and Black Stone description
summary: The Kaaba is described as the Cube-House or House of God, with the Black
Stone at its southeast corner, standing in a colonnaded enclosure.
figure_refs: []
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: scene:6
label: Marked sacred animals
summary: The notes list several categories of dedicated animals that were marked
and allowed to range freely, connecting the custom with Bedouin affection for
flocks, horses, and camels.
figure_refs:
- fig:11
symbol_refs:
- sym:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:7
label: Infancy Jesus, apostles, and Eucharistic comparison
summary: The notes cite apocryphal infancy material for Jesus speaking in the cradle
and the story of birds, discuss the word for apostles, and compare a passage with
the Eucharist.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:9
- sym:10
- sym:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: one life stands for a whole people
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The cited rabbinic passage says that killing a single individual is reckoned
as killing the whole race.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: high
cautions: This motif is present in quoted comparative commentary, not in a continuous
narrative scene in this passage.
- id: motif:2
label: moral deeds tip cosmic or communal scales
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The Talmudic citation describes one commandment or sin causing the scale
of innocence or guilt to preponderate for oneself and the whole world.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage cites this as a comparative expression; the larger Qur'anic
context is not included here.
- id: motif:3
label: judgment marked on the body
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The note reports a belief that at judgment Jews will appear with the right
hand tied to the neck.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
confidence: medium
cautions: The statement is a polemical or sectarian belief reported by the translator,
not a developed narrative in the passage.
- id: motif:4
label: sacred house with celestial stone
taxonomy_refs:
- world_center
basis: The Kaaba is called House of God and described with the Black Stone at its
southeast corner, the stone being identified as an aerolite.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage provides architectural description rather than an explicit
myth of foundation or cosmic centrality.
- id: motif:5
label: dedicated animals released from ordinary use
taxonomy_refs:
- sacrifice
- sacred_exchange
basis: The notes name marked sacred animals that were allowed to range freely for
pasture.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
confidence: medium
cautions: The note labels the practice superstition and does not narrate a rite
or exchange in detail.
- id: motif:6
label: miraculous child speaks from cradle
taxonomy_refs:
- miraculous_child
basis: The notes cite an infancy gospel tradition in which Jesus speaks while lying
in a cradle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
confidence: high
cautions: The immediate passage is an editorial comparison to apocryphal Christian
material.
- id: motif:7
label: miraculous birds in infancy tradition
taxonomy_refs:
- miraculous_child
basis: The Arabic Gospel of the Infancy is said to relate the story of the Birds
in connection with Jesus.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage names the bird story but does not provide its details.
- id: motif:8
label: sacred meal identified with Eucharist
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: The note compares the Qur'anic passage to 1 Corinthians and says Muhammad
refers to the Eucharist.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
confidence: low
cautions: The content of the Qur'anic passage and the meal scene is not included
in this line range; the note alone supplies the identification.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage explicitly compares the Qur'anic expression about killing one
person with Mishnah Sanhedrin iv.5 on Cain, bloods, and the single human life
representing the whole race.
claim_level: same_function
target: Mishnah Sanhedrin iv.5, Cain and the value of a single life
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The comparison is reported by the translator/editor; the underlying
Qur'anic verse is not quoted in full in this line range.
- id: claim:2
claim: The passage compares a moral-accounting expression with Babylonian Talmud
Kidushin, where one commandment or sin tips scales for oneself and the whole world.
claim_level: same_motif
target: 'Babylonian Talmud, Kidushin: scales of innocence and guilt'
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: Only the cited comparative excerpt is available here; no broader textual
context is supplied.
- id: claim:3
claim: The passage cites Exodus xxi.23-27 as a scriptural parallel for a legal passage.
claim_level: same_function
target: Exodus xxi.23-27 legal retaliation passage
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The note gives only the biblical citation, without reproducing the
Qur'anic or Exodus text in this line range.
- id: claim:4
claim: The passage compares the infancy motif of Jesus speaking from the cradle
with the Gospel of the Infancy.
claim_level: same_motif
target: Gospel of the Infancy, Jesus speaking in the cradle
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The comparison is through the translator's citation of apocryphal material,
not a direct quotation of the Qur'anic passage.
- id: claim:5
claim: The passage says the same expression applied to Jesus occurs in the Arabic
Gospel of the Infancy, which also contains the story of the Birds.
claim_level: same_motif
target: Arabic Gospel of the Infancy, expression applied to Jesus and story of the
Birds
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The note names the bird story but does not summarize the narrative
action.
- id: claim:6
claim: The passage compares a Qur'anic reference with 1 Corinthians xi.27 and identifies
the referent as the Eucharist.
claim_level: same_function
target: 1 Corinthians xi.27 sqq. and Eucharistic tradition
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The line gives the translator's interpretation; the relevant Qur'anic
verses are not included in this passage.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: quote
locator: 26547-26556
quote_or_summary: 'Rabbinic and Talmudic comparisons: Cain murdered his brother;
''bloods'' means the brother''s blood and seed; killing one individual is as slaying
the whole race; one commandment or sin tips the scale for oneself and the whole
world.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; short excerpt summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 26558-26560
quote_or_summary: Early traditionists say Muhammad punished a woman guilty of theft
while on the route to Mecca before its capture.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 26566-26577
quote_or_summary: The note mentions proposed Muslim alliance with Jews and Christians
after Ohod and quotes Lane on Muslim religious pride, contempt for unbelievers,
and toleration.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 26582-26591
quote_or_summary: The notes explain 'God has ceased to be bounteous,' report a belief
about Jews at judgment with the right hand tied to the neck, and identify the
Qur'an as complement to the Law and Gospel.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 26611-26614
quote_or_summary: Tradition expands 'ansab' to include all figures, and strict observers
of the letter of the Qur'an forbid chess; Persians and Indians interpret the verse
more liberally.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 26618-26628
quote_or_summary: The Kaaba is called Cube-House and House of God; it is described
architecturally, with the Hajar El-Aswad or Black Stone at the southeast corner,
described as an aerolite.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 26630-26636
quote_or_summary: 'Names are given for sacred marked animals allowed to pasture
freely: Saiba, Wasila, Bahira, and Hami; the note connects the custom with Bedouin
affection for flocks, horses, and camels.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 26642-26647
quote_or_summary: The note cites the Gospel of the Infancy for Jesus speaking while
lying in a cradle and says the Arabic Gospel of the Infancy uses the same expression
and relates the story of the Birds.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 26649-26653
quote_or_summary: The note discusses El-hawariyin as apostles/friends/helpers, compares
a passage with 1 Corinthians xi.27 sqq., identifies a Eucharistic reference, and
glosses divine lordship.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata.
- id: ev:10
type: citation
locator: '26564'
quote_or_summary: The note cites Exodus xxi.23-27.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata.
confidence:
extraction: medium
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage is a set of translator/editorial notes, so many motifs and comparisons
are mediated by commentary rather than by a continuous primary narrative. Extraction
is limited to statements present in the supplied line range.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
No taxonomy identifiers were added beyond the supplied available motif-family labels. Symbols not present in the supplied symbol list were recorded without taxonomy references.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l26547-l26653
passage_sha256=66f4b96e0795054b8485d7a7070d6bac12b16054c2b0fd58dd3b341e626682a2