batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l25595-l25711
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l25595-l25711
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
PREFACE; lines 25595-25711
start: '25595'
end: '25711'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage condemns wealthy people who seek exemption and hypocrites who
offer excuses, distinguishes unbelieving and believing desert Arabs, praises early
Mohadjers and Ansars, describes repentance, almsgiving, divine knowledge of hidden
and manifest deeds, contrasts a mosque founded for mischief with one founded in
piety, speaks of God purchasing the faithful and their goods in exchange for Paradise,
forbids prayer for those who associate others with God after their fate is clear,
cites Abraham’s withdrawal from his father, and recounts God turning mercifully
toward the Prophet, the refugees, the helpers, and three who were left behind.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Wealthy people who ask the Apostle for exemption are blamed, described as
staying behind and as having hearts sealed by God.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: When the community returns, the excuse-makers will offer excuses and oaths,
but the passage commands that they not be believed and says God and His Apostle
will behold their deeds.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: Some desert Arabs are described as especially strong in unbelief and dissimulation,
while others believe in God and the last day and regard alms as an approach to
God and to the Apostle’s prayers.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: The first Mohadjers and Ansars and those who follow their conduct are said
to have God’s pleasure and gardens with rivers beneath trees prepared for them.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:5
text: Some people around the believers and in Medina are called hypocrites; God
is said to know them and to chastise them.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:6
text: Some people have confessed faults and mixed a right action with a wrong action,
and God may turn toward them in forgiveness.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:7
text: The Apostle is told to take alms from people’s substance in order to cleanse
and purify them and to pray for them.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:8
text: The passage says God accepts repentance and alms and that people will be brought
before the one who knows the hidden and the manifest.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:9
text: Some people built a mosque for mischief, infidelity, disunion, and expectation
of an enemy; they claim their aim was good, but God is witness that they lie.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:10
text: The Apostle is told never to set foot in that mosque, while another mosque
founded in piety is described as more worthy for entry.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:11
text: A building founded on fear of God is contrasted with a building on an undermined
bank washed away by torrents, which rushes with its builder into Hell-fire.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:12
text: God is said to have bought the persons and substance of the faithful on condition
of Paradise in return; they fight, slay, and are slain on the path of God.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: obs:13
text: The faithful are characterized by turning to God, serving, praising, fasting,
bowing, prostrating, enjoining justice, forbidding evil, and keeping God’s bounds.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- id: obs:14
text: The prophet and the faithful are told not to pray for forgiveness for kin
who associate other beings with God after their status as inmates of Hell is clear.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: obs:15
text: Abraham’s request for forgiveness for his father is explained as based on
a promise, but Abraham declared himself clear of him when he was shown that his
father was an enemy to God.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- id: obs:16
text: God is described as holding the kingdom of the heavens and earth and as making
alive and killing.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- id: obs:17
text: God turns mercifully toward the Prophet, Mohadjers, Ansars, and three who
were left behind, after distress and constriction are described.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
- ev:18
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: The divine speaker and judge who knows hidden and manifest things,
accepts repentance and alms, guides, chastises, forgives, purchases the faithful,
and rules the heavens and earth.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:8
- ev:12
- ev:16
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: The Apostle / Muhammad
description: The addressed messenger who is informed by God, beholds deeds, receives
commands about excuse-makers, alms, prayer, and mosques, and is followed by refugees
and helpers.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:7
- ev:10
- ev:17
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Wealthy exemption-seekers / those who stay behind
description: Rich people who ask for exemption, remain with those who stay behind,
offer excuses, and are described as having sealed hearts.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Desert Arabs
description: Groups among the desert Arabs, some marked by unbelief and dissimulation,
some by belief in God and the last day and by almsgiving.
role_refs:
- role:5
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: First Mohadjers
description: Early refugees who led the way and are praised among those pleasing
to God.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:17
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Ansars / helpers
description: Helpers who are praised with the first Mohadjers and later named as
following the Prophet in the hour of distress.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:17
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Hypocrites around the believers and in Medina
description: People described as hypocrites, some stubborn in hypocrisy, known by
God and subject to chastisement.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Fault-confessors / repentant wrongdoers
description: People who acknowledge faults and mix a right action with a wrong action,
with possible divine turning toward them.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:8
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Builders of the mischief mosque
description: People who built a mosque for mischief, infidelity, disunion, and expectation
of an enemy, while claiming good intent.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- ev:11
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: The faithful
description: Believers whose persons and substance God buys for Paradise and who
perform acts of devotion and moral command.
role_refs:
- role:6
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- ev:13
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Abraham
description: A figure described as pitiful and kind who withdrew from his father
after learning that he was an enemy to God.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Abraham’s father
description: Abraham’s father, for whom Abraham had sought forgiveness because of
a promise, later identified as an enemy to God.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: The three who were left behind
description: Three people whose constricted state is described before God turns
toward them so they may turn to Him.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:18
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine judge and witness
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God beholds deeds, knows hidden and manifest things, witnesses lies, and
assigns chastisement or mercy.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:5
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: role:2
label: merciful receiver of repentance
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God accepts repentance and alms, forgives, and turns toward repentant people.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:8
- ev:18
- id: role:3
label: sovereign life-giver and death-bringer
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The passage says the kingdom of the heavens and earth is God’s and that He
makes alive and kills.
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- id: role:4
label: prophetic messenger and ritual mediator
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The Apostle receives divine information, is commanded to speak, take alms,
pray, and avoid the impious mosque.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:7
- ev:10
- id: role:5
label: hypocritical or corrupt opponent
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:7
- fig:9
basis: These figures are linked with exemption-seeking, dissimulation, hypocrisy,
mischief, infidelity, or false claims.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:5
- ev:9
- id: role:6
label: penitent or sincere believer
assigned_to:
- fig:4
- fig:8
- fig:10
- fig:13
basis: These figures are linked with belief, confession of faults, repentance, almsgiving,
sincerity, or divine mercy.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:6
- ev:8
- ev:18
- id: role:7
label: exemplary early community
assigned_to:
- fig:5
- fig:6
basis: The first Mohadjers and Ansars are said to have led the way and to have God’s
pleasure.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:8
label: combatant in sacred exchange
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: The faithful give persons and substance in exchange for Paradise and fight
on the path of God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: role:9
label: pious kinship-renouncer
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: Abraham separates himself from his father after it is shown that his father
is an enemy to God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- id: role:10
label: kin opposed to God
assigned_to:
- fig:12
basis: Abraham’s father is described as an enemy to God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: sealed hearts
literal_form: hearts sealed by God
associated_figures:
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: Hell as dwelling and fire
literal_form: Hell; fire of Hell
associated_figures:
- fig:3
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:11
- ev:14
- id: sym:3
label: gardens with rivers beneath trees
literal_form: gardens under whose trees the rivers flow
associated_figures:
- fig:5
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs:
- tree
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:4
label: alms as purification and approach
literal_form: alms taken from substance, accepted by God, and treated as an approach
to God
associated_figures:
- fig:4
- fig:8
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: sym:5
label: opposed mosques
literal_form: a mosque built for mischief contrasted with a mosque founded in piety
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- ev:10
- id: sym:6
label: building foundation on piety or collapse
literal_form: a building founded on fear of God versus one on an undermined bank
washed away by torrents
associated_figures:
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs:
- water
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: sym:7
label: divine contract for Paradise
literal_form: God buys the faithful persons and substance on condition of Paradise
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: sym:8
label: constricted earth and souls
literal_form: the earth becomes too strait and souls become straitened for the three
left behind
associated_figures:
- fig:13
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:18
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Excuses, oaths, and divine exposure
summary: Those who stayed behind seek exemption and later offer excuses and oaths,
while the passage says God has informed the believers and will reveal deeds.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Desert Arabs divided by unbelief and belief
summary: The passage contrasts desert Arabs who treat spending in God’s cause as
a burden with those who believe and treat alms as an approach to God and the Apostle’s
prayers.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:3
label: Reward of early followers
summary: The first Mohadjers, Ansars, and their followers receive God’s pleasure
and are promised gardens with rivers under trees.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:4
label: Repentance, alms, and scrutiny of works
summary: Fault-confessors and servants who repent are linked with God’s acceptance
of repentance and alms, purification through alms, prayer, and future disclosure
of works.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: scene:5
label: Two mosques and two foundations
summary: A mosque built for mischief is forbidden to the Apostle, while a mosque
founded in piety is preferred; the passage contrasts a firm pious foundation with
a collapsing bank leading into Hell-fire.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:9
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:5
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: scene:6
label: Purchase of the faithful
summary: God buys the persons and goods of the faithful in return for Paradise,
and the faithful are described as fighting, worshiping, and observing divine bounds.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- ev:13
- id: scene:7
label: Abraham and forbidden intercession for hostile kin
summary: The prophet and faithful are forbidden to pray for those who associate
others with God once their fate is clear; Abraham’s earlier promise to his father
is cited, followed by his separation from him.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:10
- fig:11
- fig:12
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- ev:15
- id: scene:8
label: Divine mercy after distress
summary: God turns toward the Prophet, Mohadjers, Ansars, and the three left behind
after distress, constriction, and recognition that refuge from God is only in
God.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:13
symbol_refs:
- sym:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
- ev:18
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Divine judgment of hidden and manifest deeds
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage repeatedly says God knows hidden and manifest things, beholds
works, exposes lies, chastises hypocrites, and assigns Hell or mercy.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:5
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:14
confidence: high
cautions: The passage is primarily exhortative and legal-theological rather than
a narrative judgment scene.
- id: motif:2
label: Sacred exchange of persons, goods, and Paradise
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: God is said to buy the persons and substance of the faithful on condition
of Paradise, and alms are accepted as an approach to God and as purification.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:12
confidence: high
cautions: The exchange is formulated doctrinally and covenantally, not as a mythic
barter episode.
- id: motif:3
label: Covenantal promise across scripture
taxonomy_refs:
- covenant
basis: The purchase of the faithful in return for Paradise is called a promise pledged
in the Law, the Evangel, and the Koran, and a contract contracted with God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
confidence: medium
cautions: The word covenant is not used in the supplied translation; the motif is
inferred from promise and contract language.
- id: motif:4
label: Purification through alms and prayer
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The Apostle is instructed to take alms to cleanse and purify people and to
pray for them; God is said to accept alms.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
confidence: high
cautions: No available taxonomy reference directly names ritual purification or
almsgiving.
- id: motif:5
label: False sanctuary versus pious foundation
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: A mosque built for mischief is contrasted with a mosque founded in piety
and with a building founded either on fear of God or on an undermined collapsing
bank.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- ev:10
- ev:11
confidence: high
cautions: This is an architectural and moral contrast rather than a general temple-foundation
myth.
- id: motif:6
label: Renunciation of hostile kin for divine allegiance
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The faithful are forbidden to pray for hostile associators even if kin, and
Abraham withdraws from his father when his father is shown to be an enemy to God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- ev:15
confidence: medium
cautions: No available taxonomy reference specifically covers kinship renunciation
or intercession limits.
- id: motif:7
label: Return to God after constriction and distress
taxonomy_refs:
- return
basis: God turns toward the Prophet’s followers and toward the three left behind
after distress, and they recognize no refuge from God except unto God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
- ev:18
confidence: medium
cautions: The motif is spiritual and penitential; it is not a physical journey-return
narrative.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage explicitly frames the promise of Paradise in return for the faithful’s
persons and substance as pledged in the Law, the Evangel, and the Koran, supporting
a cautious intra-scriptural comparison of the same promise or contract motif across
these named scriptures.
claim_level: same_function
target: Promise or contract of divine reward in the Law, the Evangel, and the Koran
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The passage names the scriptures but does not quote the Law or Evangel,
so the comparison is limited to the passage’s own assertion of shared pledge.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 25595-25597
quote_or_summary: Rich people who ask for exemption are blamed; they stay behind
and God seals their hearts.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 25599-25610
quote_or_summary: The excuse-makers will excuse themselves and swear oaths when
the believers return; God and His Apostle will behold deeds, and Hell is named
as recompense.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 25612-25622
quote_or_summary: Desert Arabs are divided between unbelief/dissimulation and believers
who consider alms an approach to God and to the Apostle’s prayers.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: quote
locator: 25624-25628
quote_or_summary: "“the first of the Mohadjers, and the Ansars” are promised “gardens
under whose trees the rivers flow.”"
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 25630-25633
quote_or_summary: Some surrounding desert Arabs and people of Medina are hypocrites;
God knows them and will chastise them twice and then with a great chastisement.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 25635-25637
quote_or_summary: Others own their faults and mix right action with wrong; God may
turn to them, being forgiving and merciful.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 25639-25641
quote_or_summary: The Apostle is told to take alms from their substance to cleanse
and purify them and to pray for them.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 25643-25650
quote_or_summary: God accepts repentance and alms; people are told to work, and
God, the Apostle, and the faithful will see their work before disclosure by the
knower of hidden and manifest things.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 25654-25658
quote_or_summary: Some built a mosque for mischief, infidelity, disuniting the faithful,
and expectation of one who fought God and His Apostle; they swear good intent,
but God witnesses that they lie.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: 25660-25663
quote_or_summary: The Apostle is told never to set foot in that mosque; a mosque
founded from its first day in piety is more worthy for entry and contains men
aspiring to purity.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: quote
locator: 25665-25669
quote_or_summary: A building is described as founded “on the brink of an undermined
bank washed away by torrents,” rushing with its builder “into the fire of Hell.”
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt.
- id: ev:12
type: quote
locator: 25674-25680
quote_or_summary: "“God bought their persons and their substance, on condition of
Paradise for them in return”; this promise is said to be pledged in the Law, Evangel,
and Koran."
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt.
- id: ev:13
type: summary
locator: 25682-25685
quote_or_summary: The faithful are described as turning to God, serving, praising,
fasting, bowing, prostrating, enjoining justice, forbidding evil, and keeping
God’s bounds.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:14
type: summary
locator: 25687-25690
quote_or_summary: The prophet and faithful are not to pray for forgiveness for kin
who associate others with God once it is clear they are inmates of Hell.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:15
type: summary
locator: 25692-25695
quote_or_summary: Abraham’s asking forgiveness for his father is tied to a promise,
but when his father is shown as an enemy to God, Abraham declares himself clear
of him.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:16
type: quote
locator: 25701-25702
quote_or_summary: "“His the kingdom of the Heavens and of the Earth! He maketh alive
and killeth!”"
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt.
- id: ev:17
type: summary
locator: 25704-25708
quote_or_summary: God turns toward the Prophet, the Mohadjers, and the Ansars who
followed him in the hour of distress after some hearts almost failed.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:18
type: summary
locator: 25710-25711
quote_or_summary: God turns toward the three left behind after the spacious earth
and their souls become straitened, so that they recognize no refuge from God except
unto Him.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: Extraction is based only on the supplied passage. Motif assignment is strongest
for divine judgment, sacred exchange, repentance, and the opposed-mosque scene;
some taxonomy matches are approximate because the available motif list lacks direct
labels for almsgiving, hypocrisy, repentance, and ritual purity.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
Footnote numbers in the source passage were treated as part of the edition markers and not as independent narrative data.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l25595-l25711
passage_sha256=3bc04b2f5bc361328265902a39b1cd3a87a0d7534601bf8430304653ffaa9848