batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l25358-l25477
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l25358-l25477
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
PREFACE; lines 25358-25477
start: '25358'
end: '25477'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage condemns altering sacred months, urges believers to march on
the Way of God, recalls divine aid to the Prophet and his companion in a cave,
criticizes laggards and hypocrites, regulates alms, rejects insincere offerings,
warns opponents of God and His Apostle of Hell, and says God will expose what
hypocrites conceal in their hearts.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Carrying a sacred month over to another month is described as a growth of
infidelity and as error encouraged by Satan.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Believers are asked why they sank heavily earthwards when told to march forth
on the Way of God.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: The passage contrasts the life of this world with that which is to come, saying
the former is little in comparison.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: The text warns that failure to march forth will bring grievous chastisement
and replacement by another people.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: God is said to have assisted the Prophet when unbelievers drove him forth
with one companion and the two were in a cave.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: The Prophet tells his companion not to be distressed because God is with them.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:7
text: God sends tranquillity upon the Prophet and strengthens him with unseen hosts.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:8
text: Believers are commanded to march forth, light and heavy armed, and contend
with their substance and persons on the Way of God.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:9
text: Some people claim they would have gone forth if able, but the passage calls
them liars and self-destroyers.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:10
text: Those who do not believe in God and the last day ask leave to stay behind,
have doubting hearts, and are described as tossed in their doubts.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:11
text: Some who remain behind are said to have fallen into a trial already, and Hell
is said to environ the infidels.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:12
text: The faithful are instructed to say that nothing befalls them except what God
has destined, and that they trust in God.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:13
text: Offerings made willingly or by constraint are said not to be accepted from
the wicked people because they do not believe, pray sluggishly, and give reluctantly.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:14
text: Riches and children are described as means by which God may punish unbelievers
in the present life.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:15
text: If certain fearful people find a refuge, caves, or a hiding place, they turn
toward it and hasten there.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:16
text: Alms are assigned to specified groups including the poor, needy, collectors,
ransoms, debtors, the cause of God, and the wayfarer.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:17
text: Some injure the Prophet by saying, 'He is all ear,' while the answer describes
him as an ear of good and a mercy to believers.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:18
text: Opposition to God and His Apostle is linked with the fire of Hell and everlasting
remaining there.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:19
text: Hypocrites fear that a Sura will be sent down concerning them and disclose
what is in their hearts.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:20
text: When questioned, some say they were only discoursing and jesting, and are
asked whether they scoff at God, His signs, and His Apostle.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: Divine authority who hallows months, guides or does not guide, commands,
assists the Prophet, sends tranquillity, strengthens with unseen hosts, destines
events, accepts or rejects offerings, ordains alms, and judges opponents.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:9
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Satan
description: Figure by whom the evil of the unbelievers' deeds is said to have been
prepared for them.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Believers / faithful
description: Those addressed to march forth on the Way of God, contend with substance
and persons, and trust in God.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:6
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Infidels / unbelievers
description: People led into error regarding sacred months, opposed to belief, and
associated with chastisement and Hell.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:5
- ev:10
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: The Prophet / Apostle of God
description: The messenger assisted by God in the cave, addressed concerning those
seeking leave, defamed regarding alms, and described as a mercy to believers.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:9
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: The Prophet's companion
description: The second person with the Prophet in the cave, told not to be distressed
because God is with them.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Unseen hosts
description: Hosts not seen by the audience, by which God strengthens the Prophet.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Those who ask leave / laggards
description: People who ask permission to stay behind, offer excuses, are marked
by doubt, or are made to sit at home.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Hypocrites
description: People who fear that a Sura will expose what is in their hearts and
who answer questioning by saying they were only jesting.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Recipients of alms
description: 'Groups named as proper recipients of alms: poor, needy, collectors,
those whose hearts are won to Islam, ransoms, debtors, the cause of God, and the
wayfarer.'
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine commander and patron
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God commands marching forth, assists the Prophet, and is named as the faithful's
liege-lord.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:6
- id: role:2
label: divine judge
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God threatens chastisement, rejects offerings of unbelievers, ordains alms,
and assigns Hell to opponents.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:7
- ev:9
- ev:10
- id: role:3
label: deceiver or corrupter
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Satan is said to have prepared the evil of the unbelievers' deeds for them.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:4
label: commanded community
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Believers are addressed directly and commanded to march and contend on the
Way of God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- id: role:5
label: opponents of belief
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Unbelievers are linked with error, expulsion of the Prophet, and punishment
in Hell.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:5
- ev:10
- id: role:6
label: divinely aided messenger
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: The Prophet is aided by God in the cave and defended against injury and defamation.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:10
- id: role:7
label: distressed companion in refuge
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: The companion is with the Prophet in the cave and is told not to be distressed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:8
label: unseen auxiliaries
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The hosts are unseen and strengthen the Prophet by God's act.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:9
label: reluctant or doubtful nonparticipants
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: They ask leave, give excuses, are described as doubtful, and do not prepare
for marching forth.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:10
label: concealed inner opponents
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: They fear revelation of what is in their hearts and are associated with scoffing.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: role:11
label: authorized beneficiaries
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: The passage lists groups to whom alms are to be given by ordinance from God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: sacred month
literal_form: A month hallowed by God, whose displacement is condemned.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: cave refuge
literal_form: Cave in which the Prophet and his companion are present after being
driven forth.
associated_figures:
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs:
- cave
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:3
label: unseen hosts
literal_form: Invisible hosts sent as strengthening aid.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:4
label: Way of God
literal_form: The named path or cause for which believers are told to march and
contend.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- id: sym:5
label: fire of Hell
literal_form: Fire of Hell in which an opponent remains for ever.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: sym:6
label: alms and offerings
literal_form: Offerings and alms whose acceptance or distribution is regulated.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:9
- id: sym:7
label: hidden heart
literal_form: The heart of the hypocrites, whose contents they fear a Sura will
reveal.
associated_figures:
- fig:9
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: sym:8
label: refuge, caves, and hiding place
literal_form: Places to which fearful people would hasten if found.
associated_figures:
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs:
- cave
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Condemnation of altered sacred time
summary: The passage condemns shifting a sacred month and says unbelievers are led
into error by this practice.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Command to march forth
summary: Believers are reproached for reluctance to march on the Way of God and
warned of chastisement and replacement if they do not go forth.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Divine aid in the cave
summary: The Prophet and his companion are in a cave after being driven out; the
Prophet reassures his companion, and God sends tranquillity and unseen hosts.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:4
label: Excuses, doubt, and sedition
summary: Reluctant people ask to stay behind, present excuses, are described as
doubtful, and are said to have fallen into trial already.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:8
- fig:4
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: scene:5
label: Destiny, trust, and expected judgment
summary: The faithful are told to declare that only what God has destined can befall
them, while chastisement awaits the opposing group.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: scene:6
label: Offerings and alms
summary: The passage says insincere offerings are not accepted and lists the authorized
recipients of alms as an ordinance from God.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:9
- id: scene:7
label: Injury to the Prophet and warning of Hell
summary: Some injure the Prophet with speech; the passage answers the charge and
warns that those opposing God and His Apostle face the fire of Hell.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: scene:8
label: Hidden hearts exposed
summary: Hypocrites fear a Sura will reveal what is in their hearts, and their claim
of mere jesting is challenged as scoffing at God, His signs, and His Apostle.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:9
symbol_refs:
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Divine judgment against unbelief and opposition
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage repeatedly threatens chastisement, says Hell environs infidels,
rejects offerings because of unbelief, and assigns the fire of Hell to opponents
of God and His Apostle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:5
- ev:7
- ev:10
confidence: high
cautions: The passage is exhortative and legal-theological rather than a single
mythic judgment narrative.
- id: motif:2
label: Divine protection of a messenger in hiding
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The Prophet and his companion are in a cave after being driven forth; God
is said to be with them, sends tranquillity, and strengthens the Prophet with
unseen hosts.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: high
cautions: No supplied motif-family taxonomy label directly names this protection-in-refuge
pattern.
- id: motif:3
label: Sacred martial departure on the Way of God
taxonomy_refs:
- departure
basis: Believers are commanded to march forth, light and heavy armed, and to contend
with their substance and persons on the Way of God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
confidence: medium
cautions: The departure is a communal military-religious exhortation, not a hero’s
individual journey.
- id: motif:4
label: Sacred time violated by human alteration
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage condemns transferring a sacred month and says the practice allows
what God has prohibited.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a legal-religious condemnation; the available taxonomy has no
direct sacred-calendar motif.
- id: motif:5
label: Sacred exchange rejected when insincere
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: Offerings made willingly or by constraint are not accepted from the wicked
because of unbelief, sluggish prayer, and reluctant giving; alms are then regulated
by divine ordinance.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:9
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage concerns almsgiving and offering acceptance rather than a
reciprocal exchange myth.
- id: motif:6
label: Revelation exposes concealed hearts
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Hypocrites fear a Sura will be sent down concerning them to tell plainly
what is in their hearts, and God is said to bring to light what they fear.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
confidence: high
cautions: No available taxonomy reference precisely matches revelation of hidden
inner states.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 25358-25364
quote_or_summary: The passage condemns carrying a sacred month to another, says
unbelievers are led into error by it, and says Satan prepared the evil of their
deeds.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain text; Project Gutenberg/Rodwell metadata supplied.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 25366-25375
quote_or_summary: Believers are asked why they sank earthwards when told to march
on the Way of God; the life of this world is contrasted with the next, and refusal
brings chastisement and replacement.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain text; Project Gutenberg/Rodwell metadata supplied.
- id: ev:3
type: quote
locator: lines 25377-25384
quote_or_summary: The Prophet and companion are in the cave; the Prophet says, 'Be
not distressed; verily, God is with us,' and God sends tranquillity and unseen
hosts.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain text; Project Gutenberg/Rodwell metadata supplied.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 25386-25400
quote_or_summary: The passage commands marching forth light and heavy armed and
contending with substance and persons; it criticizes those who would have followed
only for near advantage and short journey.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain text; Project Gutenberg/Rodwell metadata supplied.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 25402-25422
quote_or_summary: Those who ask leave to stay behind are described as unbelieving,
doubting, unprepared, or seditious; one asks not to be exposed to trial, but the
passage says Hell environs infidels.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain text; Project Gutenberg/Rodwell metadata supplied.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 25424-25432
quote_or_summary: The faithful are told to say that nothing befalls them except
what God has destined, that God is their liege-lord, and that they await one of
two best things while the others await chastisement.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain text; Project Gutenberg/Rodwell metadata supplied.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 25434-25444
quote_or_summary: Offerings, whether willing or constrained, cannot be accepted
from the wicked because they do not believe, pray sluggishly, and give reluctantly;
riches and children may be a means of punishment.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain text; Project Gutenberg/Rodwell metadata supplied.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 25446-25451
quote_or_summary: Some swear they are of the believers but are afraid; if they find
a refuge, caves, or a hiding place, they hasten to it.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain text; Project Gutenberg/Rodwell metadata supplied.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: lines 25453-25462
quote_or_summary: Some defame the Prophet regarding alms; alms are assigned to the
poor, needy, collectors, those whose hearts are won, ransoms, debtors, the cause
of God, and the wayfarer as an ordinance from God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain text; Project Gutenberg/Rodwell metadata supplied.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: lines 25464-25471
quote_or_summary: Some injure the Prophet and call him 'all ear'; the reply says
he is an ear of good and mercy to believers, while those who injure or oppose
God and His Apostle face chastisement and Hell.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain text; Project Gutenberg/Rodwell metadata supplied.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: lines 25473-25477
quote_or_summary: Hypocrites fear a Sura will reveal what is in their hearts; when
questioned, they say they were only discoursing and jesting, and are challenged
for scoffing at God, His signs, and His Apostle.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain text; Project Gutenberg/Rodwell metadata supplied.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: Literal extraction is straightforward from the supplied English passage.
Motif mapping is cautious because the passage is primarily exhortative, legal,
and polemical rather than narrative myth; no external comparisons were made.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
Used only the supplied passage and metadata. Comparison claims left empty because the passage does not itself support a specific comparison beyond internal motif tagging.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l25358-l25477
passage_sha256=9d0498b617bd004e57c00e6ffdc3a93ffd22842a757a791660ac71791b6abfc7