batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l25240-l25356
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l25240-l25356
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
PREFACE; lines 25240-25356
start: '25240'
end: '25356'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage instructs believers concerning opponents who break oaths, oppose
the Apostle, or associate partners with God; distinguishes true piety from temple
service alone; recalls divine help at Honein; restricts access to the sacred Temple;
criticizes certain Jewish and Christian claims and corrupt religious leaders;
promises gardens to those who believe, flee, and strive; threatens hell-fire punishment
for hoarded treasure; and affirms the sacred calendar of twelve months with four
sacred months.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Opponents are described as disregarding ties of blood or faith, selling God's
signs for a low price, and turning others from God's way.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Those who turn to God, observe prayer, and pay the impost are identified as
brethren in religion.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: If oath-breakers revile the religion after alliance, believers are told to
fight the ring-leaders of infidelity.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: Believers are told to fight those who broke oaths, sought to expel the Apostle,
and attacked first; God is said to chastise them through believers' hands and
give victory.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:5
text: Visitation of the temples of God is limited to those who believe in God and
the last day, observe prayer, give legal alms, and dread none but God.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:6
text: Giving drink to pilgrims and visiting the sacred temple are contrasted with
believing in God and the last day and fighting on God's way.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:7
text: Those who believed, fled their homes, and strove with substance and person
on God's path are promised mercy, divine pleasure, gardens, and lasting reward.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:8
text: Believers are warned not to prefer family, wealth, merchandise, or dwellings
over God, the Apostle, and effort on God's path.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:9
text: At Honein, numbers did not help the believers; the earth became too narrow
for them, they fled, and then God sent repose on the Apostle and faithful and
unseen hosts.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:10
text: Those who join gods with God are called unclean and are prohibited from coming
near the sacred Temple after that year.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:11
text: Some People of the Scriptures are to be fought until they pay tribute and
are humbled.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:12
text: The passage reports the sayings that Ezra is a son of God and that the Messiah
is a son of God, and rejects taking teachers, monks, and the Messiah as lords
beside God.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- ev:13
- id: obs:13
text: Opponents are described as wishing to put out God's light with their mouths,
while God desires to perfect His light.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: obs:14
text: Many teachers and monks are said to devour people's substance vainly and turn
them from the Way of God.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- id: obs:15
text: Those who store gold and silver without spending it in God's way are threatened
with grievous torment involving heated treasures branding their bodies.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- id: obs:16
text: The number of months with God is twelve, including four sacred months, fixed
since the creation of the heavens and earth.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: The divine speaker or authority who gives signs, knows deeds, guides,
chastises, rewards, enriches, sends repose and unseen hosts, and establishes the
calendar.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:7
- ev:9
- ev:14
- ev:17
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Believers
description: The addressed faithful community commanded to fight, pray, give alms,
avoid improper alliances, and prefer God, the Apostle, and effort on God's path.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:8
- ev:10
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: The Apostle
description: God's Apostle, whom opponents aimed to expel, upon whom God sends repose,
and whose guidance is linked with the religion of truth.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:9
- ev:14
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Oath-breaking opponents / Meccans / ring-leaders of infidelity
description: Opponents described as breaking oaths, reviling the religion, seeking
to expel the Apostle, attacking first, and lacking binding oaths.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Those who join gods with God
description: People described as unclean and barred from approaching the sacred
Temple after the specified year.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Those who believe, flee, and strive
description: Believers who leave their homes and strive with wealth and person on
God's path; they are promised mercy, pleasure, gardens, and great reward.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Jews and Christians as reported in the passage
description: Groups reported as saying that Ezra or the Messiah is a son of God.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Teachers and monks
description: Religious figures described as being taken as lords beside God by others,
and many of whom devour people's substance vainly and turn people from God's way.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- ev:15
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Hoarders of gold and silver
description: People who treasure up gold and silver and do not expend it in God's
way, threatened with branding by their heated treasures.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
roles:
- id: role:1
label: Divine judge and rewarder
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God promises gardens and reward, sends chastisement, and threatens torment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:7
- ev:16
- id: role:2
label: Divine guide and cosmic lawgiver
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God makes signs clear, guides or withholds guidance, perfects His light,
and establishes the twelve-month order with sacred months.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:14
- ev:17
- id: role:3
label: Addressed faithful community
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The passage repeatedly addresses believers with commands concerning fighting,
alliances, worship, alms, and loyalty.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:8
- ev:10
- id: role:4
label: Divinely supported messenger
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The Apostle is targeted by opponents, receives divine repose, and is sent
with guidance and the religion of truth.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:9
- ev:14
- id: role:5
label: Oath-breakers and attackers
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: They are said to break oaths, revile religion, aim to expel the Apostle,
and attack first.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: role:6
label: Excluded impure outsiders
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Those who join gods with God are called unclean and barred from the sacred
Temple.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: role:7
label: Rewarded strivers
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Those who believe, flee, and strive are described as highest in grade and
promised gardens.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:8
label: Speakers of rejected sonship claims
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The passage reports and rejects claims about Ezra and the Messiah as sons
of God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: role:9
label: Corrupt religious authorities
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Many teachers and monks are said to devour substance and turn people from
God's way.
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- id: role:10
label: Condemned hoarders
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: Those hoarding gold and silver without spending in God's way are threatened
with heated treasure used for branding.
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: Signs of God
literal_form: Divine signs that can be sold for a low price and made clear to those
who understand.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: sym:2
label: Ties of blood or faith
literal_form: Kinship and religious bonds that opponents are said not to regard.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:3
label: Path / Way of God
literal_form: The route or way associated with fighting, striving, spending, and
from which others turn people aside.
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:6
- fig:8
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:15
- ev:16
- id: sym:4
label: Temples of God / sacred Temple
literal_form: Sacred places whose visitation or approach is regulated in relation
to belief, prayer, alms, and purity.
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:10
- id: sym:5
label: Drink to pilgrims
literal_form: The act of giving drink to pilgrims at the sacred temple.
associated_figures:
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:6
label: Gardens of lasting pleasure
literal_form: Gardens in which rewarded believers are said to abide forever.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:7
label: Spirit of repose and unseen hosts
literal_form: Divine repose sent down on the Apostle and faithful, along with hosts
they did not see.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: sym:8
label: God's light
literal_form: A light opponents wish to extinguish with their mouths, while God
desires to perfect it.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: sym:9
label: Gold and silver treasure
literal_form: Stored gold and silver not spent in God's way, later heated and used
to brand the hoarders.
associated_figures:
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- id: sym:10
label: Hell fire
literal_form: Fire in which treasures are heated for punishment; elsewhere the fire
is the abiding place of condemned works.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:16
- id: sym:11
label: Twelve months and four sacred months
literal_form: A divinely fixed calendar of twelve months, four of them sacred, established
since the creation of the heavens and earth.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Broken oaths and command to fight
summary: The passage describes opponents who disregard kinship and faith, break
oaths, revile religion, seek to expel the Apostle, and attack first; believers
are commanded to fight them, with God promising chastisement and victory.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: scene:2
label: Regulation of sacred temple piety
summary: The passage distinguishes true temple visitation by believers from the
mere giving of drink to pilgrims or temple visitation, and later bars those who
join gods with God from approaching the sacred Temple.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:10
- id: scene:3
label: Reward for migration and striving
summary: Those who believe, flee their homes, and strive with wealth and person
on God's path are said to hold the highest grade and receive mercy, divine pleasure,
gardens, and a great reward.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:4
label: Honein and divine aid
summary: The believers' pride in numbers at Honein fails; after flight, God sends
repose upon the Apostle and faithful, unseen hosts, and punishment upon the Infidels.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: scene:5
label: Rejected religious claims and divine light
summary: The passage rejects sayings that Ezra and the Messiah are sons of God,
rejects taking teachers, monks, and the Messiah as lords beside God, and says
opponents would put out God's light while God perfects it.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- ev:13
- ev:14
- id: scene:6
label: Condemnation of corrupt leaders and hoarded treasure
summary: Many teachers and monks are accused of consuming people's substance and
turning them from God's way; those who hoard gold and silver without spending
it in God's way are threatened with heated treasure branding their bodies.
figure_refs:
- fig:8
- fig:9
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:9
- sym:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- ev:16
- id: scene:7
label: Sacred calendar and conflict rule
summary: The passage states that God fixed twelve months from creation, four of
them sacred, and tells believers not to wrong themselves therein while responding
to those who join gods with God as they attack.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Broken covenant or oath leading to sanctioned conflict
taxonomy_refs:
- covenant
basis: 'Alliance and oaths are central: after alliance, opponents break oaths and
revile the religion, and believers are told to fight the oath-breaking leaders.'
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
confidence: high
cautions: The passage frames this juridically and polemically; it does not present
a narrative covenant ceremony.
- id: motif:2
label: Divine judgment with reward and punishment
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: God grants victory, mercy, pleasure, gardens, and great reward to believers
while threatening fire and bodily branding for the condemned.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:7
- ev:16
confidence: high
cautions: The judgment material is embedded in legal and exhortative discourse rather
than a single judgment-scene narrative.
- id: motif:3
label: Afterlife reward garden
taxonomy_refs:
- afterlife_journey_map
basis: The rewarded are promised gardens in which lasting pleasure is theirs and
where they abide forever.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage names an afterlife destination but does not map a journey
through the afterlife.
- id: motif:4
label: Sacred exchange through alms, tribute, and expenditure in God's way
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: Prayer, legal alms, tribute, and spending or failing to spend wealth in God's
way are used to define religious status and future consequence.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:5
- ev:11
- ev:16
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage includes mandated payments and moralized expenditure, but
not a reciprocal exchange ritual in a narrow sense.
- id: motif:5
label: Divine aid in battle through unseen hosts
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: At Honein, God sends repose on the Apostle and faithful and sends down unseen
hosts before punishing the Infidels.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
confidence: high
cautions: No supplied taxonomy family directly names supernatural military assistance.
- id: motif:6
label: Sacred time fixed at creation
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage states that twelve months, including four sacred months, have
been fixed in God's book since the creation of the heavens and earth.
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
confidence: high
cautions: This is calendrical-sacred order; supplied taxonomy refs do not include
a direct sacred-calendar category.
- id: motif:7
label: Extinguishing and perfecting divine light
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Opponents wish to put out God's light with their mouths, while God desires
to perfect His light.
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a metaphorical image in the passage, not an extended light myth.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage itself says that reported claims about Ezra and the Messiah as
sons of God resemble sayings of earlier unbelievers.
claim_level: linguistic_similarity
target: Sayings of the Infidels of old
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The passage gives a polemical resemblance statement but does not specify
the earlier group, source text, or historical relationship.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 25240-25248
quote_or_summary: Opponents are said not to regard ties of blood or faith, to sell
God's signs for a mean price, and to turn others from His way.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 25249-25252
quote_or_summary: If they turn to God, observe prayer, and pay the impost, they
are brethren in religion; God makes His signs clear to those who understand.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 25253-25256
quote_or_summary: After alliance, if they break oaths and revile the religion, believers
are told to battle the ring-leaders of infidelity.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 25257-25265
quote_or_summary: Those Meccans broke oaths, aimed to expel the Apostle, and attacked
first; believers are urged to fight, and God will chastise them through believers'
hands and give victory.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 25270-25277
quote_or_summary: Votaries of other gods should not visit the temples of God; only
those who believe, pray, give alms, and dread none but God should visit them.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 25278-25282
quote_or_summary: Giving drink to pilgrims and visiting the sacred temple are not
placed on the same level as belief in God and the last day and fighting on God's
way.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 25283-25290
quote_or_summary: Those who believed, fled homes, and strove with substance and
person on God's path are highest in grade and receive mercy, divine pleasure,
gardens, and great reward.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 25291-25300
quote_or_summary: Believers are warned not to make friends of close kin if they
prefer unbelief, and not to value family, wealth, merchandise, or dwellings above
God, the Apostle, and effort on His path.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: lines 25301-25310
quote_or_summary: At Honein, pride in numbers failed; the earth seemed too narrow
and the believers fled; God then sent repose upon the Apostle and faithful and
unseen hosts, and punished the Infidels.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: lines 25313-25318
quote_or_summary: Those who join gods with God are called unclean and told not to
come near the sacred Temple after that year; God can enrich believers if He pleases.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: lines 25319-25324
quote_or_summary: Some of those given the Scriptures are to be fought until they
pay tribute out of hand and are humbled.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
type: quote
locator: lines 25325-25329
quote_or_summary: The Jews say, "Ezra (Ozair) is a son of God"; and the Christians
say, "The Messiah is a son of God."
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:13
type: summary
locator: lines 25330-25334
quote_or_summary: They take teachers, monks, and the Messiah, son of Mary, for lords
beside God, though commanded to worship one God only.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:14
type: quote
locator: lines 25335-25340
quote_or_summary: '"Fain would they put out God''s light with their mouths: but
God only desireth to perfect His light"; the Apostle is sent with guidance and
the religion of truth.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:15
type: summary
locator: lines 25341-25345
quote_or_summary: Many teachers and monks devour people's substance in vanity and
turn them from the Way of God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:16
type: summary
locator: lines 25346-25352
quote_or_summary: Those who treasure up gold and silver and do not spend it in God's
way are threatened with torment; their treasures will be heated in hell fire and
used to brand foreheads, sides, and backs.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:17
type: summary
locator: lines 25353-25356
quote_or_summary: Twelve months are fixed with God since the creation of the heavens
and earth; four are sacred months, and believers are told not to wrong themselves
therein.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: medium
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: Extraction is based only on the supplied English passage. Line locators are
approximate within the provided stable range because the passage text is supplied
as wrapped prose rather than individually numbered lines.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
No external comparisons were added beyond the passage's own explicit resemblance claim about earlier unbelievers.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l25240-l25356
passage_sha256=cbc8ebf7db68d5f2147d6bbd0e9e03e833bde4bc318de15335ece5edaba160b7