Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l2506-l2739

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l2506-l2739

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l2506-l2739
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
  label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
    PREFACE; lines 2506-2739
  start: '2506'
  end: '2739'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: 'The passage presents several short Meccan suras and notes. It describes
    reward for believers in gardens with rivers, divine vengeance and sovereignty,
    the preserved Table, and multiple scenes of the Last Day: the Blow, the Earthquake,
    the Cleaving, and the Folding Up. Human deeds are weighed, recorded, revealed,
    and judged; the righteous receive delight or Paradise, while the wicked face the
    pit, Hell-fire, and a raging fire. Cosmic signs include quaking earth, cleaving
    heaven, falling stars, boiling or mingled seas, moving mountains, opened graves,
    unrolled records, and assembled creatures. The passage also defends the revealed
    warning as the word conveyed by an illustrious messenger, identified in a note
    as Gabriel.'
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Believers who do right are promised gardens beneath whose shades rivers flow.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: God is described as producing all things, causing them to return, being indulgent
    and loving, possessing a glorious throne, and doing what he wills.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The Koran is described as glorious and written on the preserved Table.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:4
  text: On the day called the Blow, men are likened to scattered moths and mountains
    to flocks of carded wool.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: Balances distinguish those with heavy balances, who receive a pleasing life,
    from those with light balances, whose dwelling-place is the pit described as a
    raging fire.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:6
  text: During the Earthquake, the earth quakes, casts forth her burdens, tells her
    tidings, and humans come forward in throngs to behold their works.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:7
  text: Good or evil as small as an atom's weight is said to be beheld by the one
    who performed it.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:8
  text: During the Cleaving, heaven cleaves, stars disperse, seas are commingled,
    graves are turned upside down, and each soul recognizes its actions.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:9
  text: Guardians are described as illustrious recorders who know human actions.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:10
  text: The righteous dwell amid delights, while the impure are burned in Hell-fire
    on the day of doom.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:11
  text: On the day of doom, one soul is powerless for another, and sovereignty belongs
    to God.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:12
  text: During the Folding Up, the sun is folded up, stars fall, mountains move, she-camels
    are abandoned, wild beasts gather, seas boil, souls are paired with their bodies,
    the Book is unrolled, heaven is stripped away, Hell blazes, and Paradise is brought
    near.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:13
  text: A female child buried alive is asked for what crime she was put to death.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:14
  text: The revelation is called the word of an illustrious Messenger, powerful and
    trusted, obeyed by angels, and associated in a note with Gabriel.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:15
  text: The prophet's compatriot is denied to be possessed by djinn, a soothsayer
    grasping at heaven's secrets, or one teaching from a cursed Satan.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:16
  text: A translator note reports that some interpreters connect an earlier fire-pit
    passage with Dhu Nowas and Christians in Yemen, while Geiger and Nöldeke connect
    it with Daniel iii; the note also cautions that early suras contain little allusion
    to Jewish or Christian legends.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God / Lord
  description: The divine sovereign, creator, inspirer of the earth, possessor of
    the throne, judge, and ruler on the day of doom.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Believers / righteous
  description: Those who believe and do right; those whose balances are heavy; those
    who dwell amid delights or receive Paradise.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Impure / deniers / those with light balances
  description: Those who deny judgment or whose balances are light, associated with
    the pit, Hell-fire, and punishment.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Human souls / men
  description: Humans and souls who come forward, behold their works, recognize actions,
    and are powerless for one another on the day of doom.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Earth
  description: The earth quakes, casts forth burdens, and tells her tidings after
    being inspired by the Lord.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Guardians / illustrious recorders
  description: Beings set over humans, cognisant of their actions and recording them.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Illustrious Messenger / Gabriel
  description: A powerful, trusted messenger obeyed by angels; a note identifies him
    as Gabriel.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Female child buried alive
  description: A child buried alive who is asked for what crime she was put to death.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Pharaoh and Themoud
  description: Hosts named as examples in a brief rhetorical reference.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine judge and sovereign
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: All sovereignty belongs to God on the day of doom; vengeance, judgment, punishment,
    and reward are attributed to him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
- id: role:2
  label: creator and restorer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God is said to produce all things and cause them to return, and to create
    and shape humans.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
- id: role:3
  label: rewarded righteous
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Believers and the righteous receive gardens, a pleasing life, delights, or
    Paradise.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:4
  label: punished wicked
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Those with light balances and the impure are assigned to the pit or Hell-fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: role:5
  label: judged souls
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Humans and souls behold their works, recognize actions, and receive judgment
    according to deeds.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: witnessing earth
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The earth tells her tidings after being inspired by the Lord.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:7
  label: recording guardians
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The guardians are called illustrious recorders cognisant of human actions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:8
  label: trusted revelation messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The message is described as the word of a powerful, trusted messenger obeyed
    by angels; the note identifies this figure as Gabriel.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:9
  label: wronged child witness
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The buried female child is questioned about the crime for which she was killed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: gardens with rivers
  literal_form: Gardens beneath whose shades the rivers flow
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: preserved Table
  literal_form: The preserved Table on which the glorious Koran is written
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: balances
  literal_form: Heavy and light balances used to distinguish destinies
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:4
  label: pit / raging fire / Hell-fire
  literal_form: The pit, raging fire, blazing Hell, and Hell-fire
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: sym:5
  label: quaking earth
  literal_form: Earth quaking, casting forth burdens, and speaking tidings
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:6
  label: cleaving heaven and falling stars
  literal_form: Heaven cleaves or is stripped away; stars disperse or fall
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: sym:7
  label: mountains transformed or moved
  literal_form: Mountains like carded wool and mountains set in motion
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
- id: sym:8
  label: opened graves and returned bodies
  literal_form: Graves turned upside down and souls paired with their bodies
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: sym:9
  label: unrolled Book
  literal_form: Leaves of the Book unrolled
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:10
  label: boiling or commingled seas
  literal_form: Seas commingled and seas boiling
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Reward, vengeance, and preserved revelation
  summary: The passage promises gardens with rivers to believers, affirms the Lord's
    vengeance and creative power, recalls Pharaoh and Themoud, and describes the Koran
    as written on the preserved Table.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: The Blow and weighed destinies
  summary: A day called the Blow is marked by humans like scattered moths, mountains
    like carded wool, and destinies assigned by heavy or light balances.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: The Earthquake and disclosure of deeds
  summary: The earth quakes, expels burdens, reports its tidings, and humans come
    in throngs to behold even atom-weight good or evil deeds.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: The Cleaving and day of doom
  summary: Heaven cleaves, stars disperse, seas are mingled, graves are overturned,
    deeds are recognized, recorders observe actions, and souls face divine sovereignty
    and judgment.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:6
  - sym:8
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:5
  label: The Folding Up and cosmic reversal
  summary: The sun, stars, mountains, beasts, seas, bodies, record-book, heaven, Hell,
    and Paradise all undergo end-time transformations, and every soul knows what it
    has produced.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  - sym:9
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:6
  label: Authentication of the warning
  summary: The passage swears by celestial and temporal signs that the warning is
    the word of a trusted messenger; it denies possession by djinn, soothsaying, or
    Satanic teaching.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: final judgment by deeds
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Multiple suras describe the day when deeds are weighed, seen, recognized,
    recorded, and judged under God's sovereignty.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage presents judgment scenes rather than a single continuous narrative.
- id: motif:2
  label: afterlife reward and punishment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The righteous are assigned gardens, delights, a pleasing life, or Paradise,
    while the wicked face the pit, Hell-fire, and blazing fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The taxonomy list does not include a separate heaven-and-hell motif, so
    this is grouped under divine judgment.
- id: motif:3
  label: cosmic dissolution at the end time
  taxonomy_refs:
  - chaos
  basis: Heaven cleaves or is stripped away, stars disperse or fall, mountains are
    transformed or moved, seas are mingled or boil, and the sun is folded up.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage frames these signs as eschatological, not as primordial chaos.
- id: motif:4
  label: resurrection or restoration of embodied souls
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: Graves are turned upside down and souls are paired with their bodies before
    each soul knows its deeds.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage states grave-opening and soul-body pairing but does not narrate
    individual resurrection episodes.
- id: motif:5
  label: heavenly record of deeds
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: Guardians are illustrious recorders cognisant of actions, and the leaves
    of the Book are unrolled before judgment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The available taxonomy has no explicit 'book of deeds' motif; 'wisdom'
    is only a loose fit.
- id: motif:6
  label: revealed warning through a trusted messenger
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The revelation is presented as a warning to all creatures and as the word
    of a powerful, trusted messenger obeyed by angels.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The motif concerns authorization of revelation more than wisdom in a general
    mythic sense.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: A translator note reports that commentators commonly relate an earlier fire-pit
    passage to Dhu Nowas and Christians in Yemen, while Geiger and Nöldeke understand
    it as connected with Daniel iii.
  claim_level: historical_contact
  target: Dhu Nowas tradition and Daniel iii fire episode
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: low
  limitations: This is a secondary note within the passage, not a claim made by the
    sura text itself; the note explicitly cautions that early suras contain little
    allusion to Jewish or Christian legends.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The translator note compares the gathering of wild beasts on judgment day
    with a Babylonian Talmud passage about beasts assembling on the day to come.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Babylonian Talmud, Erchin 3, beasts assembling at judgment
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: low
  limitations: The comparison is supplied only in a translator note and is limited
    to one image within the broader eschatological scene.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 2506-2536
  quote_or_summary: Believers who do right receive gardens with rivers; the Lord's
    vengeance is terrible; God produces and returns all things, possesses the glorious
    throne, recalls Pharaoh and Themoud, surrounds deniers, and the Koran is written
    on the preserved Table.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: Sura CI, lines 2557-2575
  quote_or_summary: 'The Blow is described: men are like scattered moths, mountains
    like carded wool, heavy balances lead to a pleasing life, and light balances lead
    to the pit, a raging fire.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: Sura XCIX, lines 2581-2597
  quote_or_summary: 'The Earthquake: earth quakes, casts forth burdens, tells tidings
    by the Lord''s inspiration, and people come forward to behold atom-weight good
    or evil works.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LXXXII, lines 2599-2637
  quote_or_summary: 'The Cleaving: heaven cleaves, stars disperse, seas mingle, graves
    are overturned, souls recognize actions, guardians record deeds, the righteous
    are in delights, the impure in Hell-fire, and sovereignty belongs to God on the
    day of doom.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LXXXI, lines 2641-2683
  quote_or_summary: 'The Folding Up: sun folded up, stars fall, mountains move, beasts
    gather, seas boil, souls pair with bodies, buried female child is questioned,
    Book is unrolled, heaven stripped away, Hell blazes, Paradise is brought near,
    and each soul knows what it produced.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LXXXI, lines 2685-2709 and note 6
  quote_or_summary: The passage swears by stars, night, and dawn that this is the
    word of an illustrious Messenger, powerful, trusted, obeyed by angels; the prophet
    is not possessed or Satan-taught. Note 6 identifies the messenger as Gabriel.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: note 3 after Sura LXXXV, lines 2542-2549
  quote_or_summary: The note says commentators often connect the fire-pit material
    with Dhu Nowas and Christians in Yemen; Geiger and Nöldeke understand it of Daniel
    iii, while the note cautions that early suras have little allusion to Jewish or
    Christian legends.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: note 2 after Sura LXXXI, lines 2715-2716
  quote_or_summary: The note compares the gathering of wild beasts with Babylonian
    Talmud Erchin 3, where all beasts assemble on the day of judgment.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: low
  notes: Core observations are directly supported by the passage. Motif labels use
    the supplied taxonomy where close matches exist. Comparison claims are limited
    to translator notes and therefore require review.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  The line-range label appears to include front-matter words, but the supplied passage text contains Qur'anic sura excerpts and translator notes; extraction follows the supplied passage text only.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l2506-l2739
  passage_sha256=e6e4edc590923f1b37251c28c58f256302214d6cd02392bd83fd6eb5707f42b8