Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l24837-l24971

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l24837-l24971

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l24837-l24971
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
  label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
    PREFACE; lines 24837-24971
  start: '24837'
  end: '24971'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage gives notes on events connected with Hudaibiya and related
    campaigns, then presents Sura LXVI, in which the Prophet is addressed about forbidding
    what God has made lawful, release from oaths, a disclosed secret among his wives,
    divine protection of the Prophet, warnings to believers and unbelievers, penitence,
    judgment by fire, examples of the wives of Noah and Lot as deceivers, and examples
    of the wife of Pharaoh and Mary as believing women. The passage ends with the
    opening of Sura LX, warning believers not to take God's foes as friends.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The Prophet is questioned for holding forbidden what God has made lawful in
    order to please his wives.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: God is said to have allowed release from oaths and is described as master,
    knowing, and wise.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The Prophet told a recent occurrence as a secret to one wife; she divulged
    it; God informed him; and he told her part while withholding part.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: God, Gabriel, every just faithful man, and angels are named as protectors
    or helpers of the Prophet if the two women conspire against him.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: Believers are commanded to save themselves and their families from a fire
    fueled by men and stones, guarded by fierce and mighty angels who obey God's commands.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: Infidels are told not to make excuses and are said to be recompensed according
    to their works.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: Believers are urged to turn to God in true penitence, with the promised cancellation
    of evil deeds and entry into gardens beneath which rivers flow.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:8
  text: On the day described, the Prophet and those who share his faith are not shamed;
    their light runs before them and on their right hands, and they ask for perfected
    light and pardon.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: The Prophet is commanded to make war on infidels and hypocrites and to deal
    rigorously with them; Hell is named as their abode.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:10
  text: 'The wives of Noah and Lot are presented as examples to unbelievers: they
    were under two righteous servants, deceived them, and are told to enter the fire.'
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:11
  text: The wife of Pharaoh is presented as an example to believers when she asks
    God for a house with Him in Paradise and deliverance from Pharaoh and the wicked.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:12
  text: Mary, daughter of Imran, is described as keeping her maidenhood; God breathed
    of His spirit into her womb; she believed in the words and scriptures of her Lord
    and was devout.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:13
  text: The opening of Sura LX commands believers not to take God's foe and their
    foe as friends, even privately, because those foes reject the truth and drive
    out the Apostles and believers.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: The divine speaker or actor who makes lawful, releases from oaths,
    informs the Prophet, protects him, commands angels, judges deeds, forgives, and
    grants Paradise.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: the Prophet
  description: The addressed prophet who had forbidden what God made lawful, told
    a secret to one wife, is protected by God and helpers, and is commanded to oppose
    infidels and hypocrites.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: one of the Prophet's wives
  description: A wife who received a secret from the Prophet and divulged it.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: the two addressed women
  description: Two women addressed with a call to penitence and warned not to conspire
    against the Prophet.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Gabriel
  description: Named as a protector or helper of the Prophet along with God, faithful
    people, and angels.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: angels
  description: Angels are helpers of the Prophet and also guardians set over the fire,
    fierce and mighty, obeying God's commands.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: believers
  description: The faithful are addressed to protect themselves and families, turn
    to God in penitence, receive gardens and light, and avoid friendship with God's
    foes.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:13
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: infidels and hypocrites
  description: Unbelievers and hypocrites are warned of recompense, are made targets
    of the Prophet's warfare, and are associated with Hell.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: wife of Noah
  description: Named as an example to unbelievers; she was under a righteous servant,
    deceived him, and is told to enter the fire.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: wife of Lot
  description: Named as an example to unbelievers; she was under a righteous servant,
    deceived him, and is told to enter the fire.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Noah
  description: One of the two righteous servants whose wife is said to have deceived
    him.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Lot
  description: One of the two righteous servants whose wife is said to have deceived
    him.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: wife of Pharaoh
  description: Presented as an example to believers; she asks for a house with God
    in Paradise and deliverance from Pharaoh and the wicked.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: fig:14
  name_or_label: Pharaoh
  description: Named in the wife's plea as the one from whom she seeks deliverance,
    together with his doings.
  role_refs:
  - role:13
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: fig:15
  name_or_label: Mary, daughter of Imran
  description: A devout woman who kept her maidenhood, received God's spirit breathed
    into her womb, and believed in her Lord's words and scriptures.
  role_refs:
  - role:14
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: fig:16
  name_or_label: God's foe and believers' foe
  description: Those whom believers are warned not to take as friends; they reject
    the truth and drive forth the Apostles and believers.
  role_refs:
  - role:15
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine lawgiver and revealer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God makes lawful, releases from oaths, and informs the Prophet of a divulged
    secret.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:2
  label: judge and pardoner
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God recompenses deeds, may cancel evil deeds, grants gardens, and pardons.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: role:3
  label: addressed prophetic leader
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The Prophet is directly addressed about lawful and forbidden matters, private
    disclosure, divine protection, and warfare against opponents.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:9
- id: role:4
  label: secret-divulging wife
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: One wife is said to have received and divulged a secret from the Prophet.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:5
  label: warned consorts
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Two women are told to turn to God and warned against conspiring against the
    Prophet.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:6
  label: supernatural or righteous helpers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  basis: Gabriel and angels are named among the Prophet's protectors or helpers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:7
  label: guardians of the fire
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Angels are set over the fire and execute God's commands.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:8
  label: admonished faithful community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Believers are commanded to save themselves, repent, seek pardon and light,
    and avoid alliance with foes.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:13
- id: role:9
  label: judged opponents
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Infidels and hypocrites are warned of recompense and Hell.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:9
- id: role:10
  label: deceptive spouses used as warning examples
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  basis: The wives of Noah and Lot are said to have deceived righteous husbands and
    to be sent into the fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:11
  label: righteous servants whose kinship does not save others
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  basis: Noah and Lot are described as righteous servants whose husbands' status did
    not avail their wives against God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:12
  label: believing woman seeking deliverance
  assigned_to:
  - fig:13
  basis: The wife of Pharaoh asks God for a house in Paradise and deliverance from
    Pharaoh and the wicked.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: role:13
  label: oppressive ruler in prayer for deliverance
  assigned_to:
  - fig:14
  basis: Pharaoh is named as the one from whom his wife asks to be delivered.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: role:14
  label: devout virgin recipient of divine spirit
  assigned_to:
  - fig:15
  basis: Mary keeps her maidenhood, receives God's spirit breathed into her womb,
    believes, and is devout.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: role:15
  label: foes who persecute believers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:16
  basis: The foes reject the truth, drive out Apostles and believers, and are not
    to be taken as friends.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: fire of punishment
  literal_form: fire fueled by men and stones; the fire into which deceivers enter
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:10
- id: sym:2
  label: stones as fuel
  literal_form: stones named with men as fuel for the fire
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:3
  label: gardens with flowing rivers
  literal_form: gardens beneath which rivers flow
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:4
  label: running light
  literal_form: light running before the faithful and on their right hands
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:5
  label: house in Paradise
  literal_form: a house with God in Paradise requested by the wife of Pharaoh
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:13
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: sym:6
  label: divine breath or spirit in the womb
  literal_form: God breathed of His spirit into Mary's womb
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:15
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: sym:7
  label: oath and release
  literal_form: release from oaths allowed by God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:8
  label: secret disclosure
  literal_form: a secret told to one wife, divulged, and revealed to the Prophet by
    God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Prophetic prohibition, oath release, and disclosed secret
  summary: The Prophet is questioned for forbidding what God made lawful, God grants
    release from oaths, and a secret told to one wife is divulged and then revealed
    to the Prophet by God.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:2
  label: Warning to the Prophet's wives and divine support of the Prophet
  summary: Two women are urged toward penitence and warned that if they conspire against
    the Prophet, God, Gabriel, the faithful, and angels support him.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:3
  label: Admonition of believers and judgment of unbelievers
  summary: Believers are commanded to protect themselves from the fire and to turn
    to God in penitence, while unbelievers are warned that excuses will not avail
    and that they will be recompensed according to works.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: scene:4
  label: Hell as abode of infidels and hypocrites
  summary: The Prophet is commanded to make war on infidels and hypocrites, and Hell
    is identified as their abode.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: scene:5
  label: Contrasting exempla of unbelief and belief
  summary: The wives of Noah and Lot are given as examples for unbelievers because
    they deceived righteous husbands and enter the fire; the wife of Pharaoh and Mary
    are given as positive examples of belief and devotion.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  - fig:15
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: scene:6
  label: Warning against alliance with hostile outsiders
  summary: Believers are told not to take God's foes as friends, even privately, because
    those foes reject the truth and drive out the Apostles and believers.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:7
  - fig:16
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Divine judgment by fire according to works
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage warns unbelievers that they will be recompensed according to
    their works and describes fire or Hell as the destination of the condemned.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is didactic and juridical rather than a narrative journey
    through the afterlife.
- id: motif:2
  label: Repentance leading to pardon and paradise
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Believers are urged to turn to God in true penitence, with promised cancellation
    of evil deeds and entry into gardens with rivers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The available taxonomy has no specific penitence motif; divine judgment
    is the closest supported family.
- id: motif:3
  label: Kinship with the righteous does not avert judgment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The wives of Noah and Lot are said to have deceived righteous husbands, whose
    status availed them nothing against God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is expressed as a moral exemplum rather than a separate mythic tale
    in this passage.
- id: motif:4
  label: Righteous woman delivered from tyrant
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The wife of Pharaoh is presented as an example to believers and prays for
    deliverance from Pharaoh, his doings, and the wicked, along with a house in Paradise.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage gives only the prayer and exemplary function, not a full deliverance
    narrative.
- id: motif:5
  label: Virgin recipient of divine spirit
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_birth
  basis: Mary is described as preserving her maidenhood and as the one into whose
    womb God breathed of His spirit.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage does not narrate a birth event directly; the sacred-birth
    association rests on the womb and divine spirit language.
- id: motif:6
  label: Divine revelation of hidden betrayal
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: A secret is divulged by a wife, and God informs the Prophet of it; the Prophet
    then discloses part and withholds part.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy reference to wisdom is broad; the passage emphasizes divine
    knowledge and disclosure more than wisdom instruction.
- id: motif:7
  label: Boundary between faithful community and hostile foes
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage warns believers not to take God's foe and their foe as friends
    and says those foes reject truth and drive out Apostles and believers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  confidence: medium
  cautions: No available taxonomy reference closely matches communal boundary or alliance
    prohibition.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: quote
  locator: Sura LXVI, opening address
  quote_or_summary: "“WHY, O Prophet! dost thou hold that to be FORBIDDEN which God
    hath made lawful to thee, from a desire to please thy wives...”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used for evidence.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LXVI, oath release
  quote_or_summary: God has allowed release from oaths and is called master, knowing,
    and wise.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LXVI, secret disclosed
  quote_or_summary: The Prophet told a recent occurrence as a secret to one wife;
    she divulged it; God informed him; and he told her part while withholding part.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LXVI, warning to two women
  quote_or_summary: Two women are urged to turn to God; if they conspire against the
    Prophet, God, Gabriel, every just faithful man, and angels are his protectors
    or helpers.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:5
  type: quote
  locator: Sura LXVI, warning to believers
  quote_or_summary: Believers are told to save themselves and their families “from
    the fire whose fuel is men and stones,” over which fierce angels are set.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used for evidence.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LXVI, warning to infidels
  quote_or_summary: Infidels are told not to make excuses on that day and are told
    they will be recompensed according to their works.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:7
  type: quote
  locator: Sura LXVI, penitence and gardens
  quote_or_summary: Believers are urged to turn to God in true penitence; God may
    cancel evil deeds and bring them into “gardens 'neath which the rivers flow.”
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used for evidence.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LXVI, day of light
  quote_or_summary: On the day when God will not shame the Prophet and fellow believers,
    their light runs before them and on their right hands, and they ask for perfected
    light and pardon.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LXVI, command against infidels and hypocrites
  quote_or_summary: The Prophet is told to make war on infidels and hypocrites and
    deal rigorously with them; Hell is their abode.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:10
  type: quote
  locator: Sura LXVI, wives of Noah and Lot
  quote_or_summary: 'The wives of Noah and Lot are examples to unbelievers: they deceived
    two righteous servants, and it is said, “Enter ye into the fire with those who
    enter.”'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used for evidence.
- id: ev:11
  type: quote
  locator: Sura LXVI, wife of Pharaoh
  quote_or_summary: The wife of Pharaoh says, “Lord, build me an house with thee in
    Paradise,” and asks deliverance from Pharaoh, his doings, and the wicked.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used for evidence.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LXVI, Mary daughter of Imran
  quote_or_summary: Mary daughter of Imran kept her maidenhood; God breathed of His
    spirit into her womb; she believed in the words and scriptures of her Lord and
    was devout.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LX, opening command
  quote_or_summary: Believers are told not to take God's foe and their foe as friends,
    even privately; the foes reject the truth and drive out the Apostles and believers.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized evidence.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Extraction is based directly on the supplied passage. Motif assignments are
    limited to the available taxonomy and remain broad where no precise taxonomy reference
    is supplied. No comparison claims were added because the passage does not itself
    support historical or cross-traditional comparison beyond its internal examples.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
  Endnotes in the supplied passage were used only where they clarify immediate passage content; no external information was added.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l24837-l24971
  passage_sha256=e34acb6ff92997f37a87a321f38263eb0a9d45edd012d9f9ef7b9f485dc7ffd0