batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l22710-l22813
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l22710-l22813
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
PREFACE; lines 22710-22813
start: '22710'
end: '22813'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage gives directives on fighting in God's cause, mediation, greetings,
treatment of hypocrites and enemies, exemptions in conflict, penalties for killing
believers, discernment in battle, ranks of striving believers, angelic questioning
of unjust souls, forgiveness for the helpless, reward for migration toward God
and the apostle, wartime prayer procedure, remembrance of God, and persistence
against the foe.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The addressee is instructed to fight on God's path, not to lay burdens on
anyone but himself, and to stir up the faithful.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Good mediation and evil mediation are each said to bring consequences, and
God is said to watch over everything.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: A greeting is to be answered with a better greeting or at least returned,
and God is said to take account of all things.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: God is said to be the only god and to assemble people on the day of resurrection.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:5
text: The passage describes division over hypocrites, says God has cast them off
or led them astray, and instructs that no pathway will be found for one God leads
astray.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:6
text: Rules are given concerning people who flee for God's cause, those who seek
asylum among allies, those who offer peace, and those who return to sedition.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: obs:7
text: Accidental killing of a believer requires freeing a believing slave and, in
some cases, paying blood-money; lack of means requires fasting two consecutive
months.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:8
text: Deliberate killing of a believer is assigned hell, divine wrath, a curse,
and a great torment.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:9
text: Believers going forth to fight are told to be discerning and not to reject
someone who meets them with a greeting as a non-believer.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:10
text: Believers who strive with their substance and persons in God's cause are assigned
a rank and recompense above those who sit at home, while good promises are made
to all.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:11
text: Angels take the souls of those unjust to their own welfare and ask about their
state; those souls answer that they were weak ones of the earth.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: obs:12
text: Men, women, and children unable through weakness to find means of escape or
guidance on the way are excepted and may be forgiven by God.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- id: obs:13
text: Whoever leaves home and flees to God and the apostle, and then is overtaken
by death, is said to have a sure reward from God.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: obs:14
text: In war, prayer may be shortened under fear of attack, and an armed rotation
of groups is prescribed for prayer with the apostle.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- ev:16
- id: obs:15
text: After prayer, God is to be mentioned while standing, sitting, and reclining;
when secure, prayer is to be observed at stated hours.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
- id: obs:16
text: The faithful are told not to slacken in pursuit of the foe, because both sides
suffer but the faithful hope from God for what the foe cannot hope.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:18
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: The divine speaker or authority who restrains, punishes, watches, counts,
assembles on resurrection day, commands, forgives, rewards, and judges.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:11
- ev:13
- ev:14
- ev:17
- ev:18
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: faithful / believers
description: The addressed community, commanded to fight, be discerning, observe
prayer, and strive in God's cause.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:10
- ev:11
- ev:15
- ev:16
- ev:17
- ev:18
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: infidels / foe
description: Opponents described as mighty, enemies, desiring believers to neglect
arms and baggage, and lacking the hope believers have from God.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:15
- ev:16
- ev:18
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: hypocrites
description: A disputed group said to be cast off by God for their doings and desired
to make the believers like themselves.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: asylum seekers and peace-offerers
description: People who seek asylum among allies, whose hearts forbid war, or who
withdraw and offer peace.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: believer killed by mischance
description: A slain believer whose accidental killing triggers manumission, blood-money,
or fasting obligations.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: deliberate killer of a believer
description: A person who kills a believer of set purpose and is assigned hell,
wrath, curse, and torment.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: angels
description: Beings who take souls of those unjust to their own welfare and question
them about their state.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: those unjust to their own welfare
description: Souls taken by angels who answer that they were weak ones of the earth
and are assigned hell, except for specified helpless groups.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- ev:13
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: weak men, women, and children
description: People unable through weakness to find means of escape or guidance
on the way, and therefore excepted from the condemnation.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: one who flees to God and the apostle
description: A person who quits home, flees toward God and the apostle, and may
die before arrival while still receiving reward from God.
role_refs:
- role:12
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: apostle
description: The apostle is addressed as present among the believers and leading
them in wartime prayer.
role_refs:
- role:13
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- ev:16
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine judge and commander
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God commands action, takes account, assembles on resurrection day, forgives,
rewards, and prepares torment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:9
- ev:13
- ev:14
- ev:17
- id: role:2
label: addressed faithful community
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The believers are addressed with commands about fighting, discernment, prayer,
and pursuit.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:10
- ev:15
- ev:16
- ev:18
- id: role:3
label: hostile opponents
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Infidels are described as enemies who might attack and who are pursued as
the foe.
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- ev:16
- ev:18
- id: role:4
label: internal suspect group
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The community is divided about the hypocrites, who are said to desire believers
to become like them.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: role:5
label: protected noncombatants or peace-seekers
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Those seeking asylum, refraining from war, or offering peace are excepted
from attack.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:6
label: accidental victim whose death requires penance
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Accidental killing of a believer triggers freeing a believing slave, blood-money,
or fasting.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:7
label: deliberate murderer under judgment
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: Deliberate killing of a believer is followed by hell, wrath, curse, and torment.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:8
label: strivers in God's cause
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Those who strive with substance and persons are ranked above those who sit
at home.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: role:9
label: soul-taking questioners
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: The angels take souls and ask the souls about their state.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: role:10
label: condemned self-wronging souls
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: They are questioned by angels and their home is said to be Hell.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: role:11
label: helpless exception
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: Weak men, women, and children unable to escape are excepted and may be forgiven.
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- id: role:12
label: religious migrant under divine reward
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: The one who flees home toward God and the apostle has a sure reward if overtaken
by death.
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: role:13
label: wartime prayer leader
assigned_to:
- fig:12
basis: The apostle is addressed as leading groups in prayer during conflict.
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: God's path
literal_form: path / cause of God
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: sym:2
label: day of resurrection
literal_form: day of resurrection on which God assembles people
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs:
- resurrection
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:3
label: Hell
literal_form: Hell as the home or recompense of condemned persons
associated_figures:
- fig:7
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- ev:12
- id: sym:4
label: broad earth as escape space
literal_form: God's earth broad enough to flee away in
associated_figures:
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
taxonomy_refs:
- departure
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- ev:13
- ev:14
- id: sym:5
label: arms during prayer
literal_form: arms carried or laid down during wartime prayer depending on danger,
rain, or sickness
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:12
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- id: sym:6
label: standing, sitting, and reclining remembrance
literal_form: mention of God while standing, sitting, and reclining
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Exhortation and accountable conduct
summary: The passage opens with commands to fight on God's path, stir the faithful,
mediate for good rather than evil, return greetings, and affirm assembly on the
day of resurrection.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: scene:2
label: Rules for hypocrites, asylum, peace, and sedition
summary: The passage addresses division over hypocrites, forbids taking them as
friends unless they flee for God's cause, and distinguishes those who seek asylum
or peace from those who persist in sedition.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: scene:3
label: Killing, penance, and punishment
summary: Accidental killing of a believer is assigned compensatory obligations,
while deliberate killing of a believer is assigned hell and divine wrath.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:6
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: scene:4
label: Discernment and ranked striving
summary: Believers in battle are told not to deny the faith of someone who greets
them, and those who strive with person and substance are ranked above those who
remain at home.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: scene:5
label: Angels question souls and the helpless are excepted
summary: Angels take and question souls who claim weakness on earth; those who could
have fled are assigned Hell, while helpless men, women, and children may be forgiven.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- ev:13
- id: scene:6
label: Flight toward God and the apostle
summary: A person who leaves home and flees toward God and the apostle is promised
sure reward from God if death overtakes him.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:11
- fig:12
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: scene:7
label: Prayer in wartime and persistence against the foe
summary: The passage permits shortened prayer in danger, prescribes armed rotating
prayer with the apostle, commands remembrance of God after prayer, and urges continued
pursuit of the foe.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:12
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- ev:16
- ev:17
- ev:18
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: resurrection assembly
taxonomy_refs:
- resurrection
basis: God is said to assemble people on the day of resurrection with no doubt of
it.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
confidence: high
cautions: The passage states the doctrine directly rather than narrating a resurrection
episode.
- id: motif:2
label: divine judgment with reward and punishment
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: God counts deeds, assigns recompense, gives ranks and reward, forgives the
helpless, and assigns Hell, wrath, curse, and torment to condemned actions.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:11
- ev:12
- ev:13
- ev:14
confidence: high
cautions: Judgment appears as legal and eschatological teaching rather than as a
single narrative trial scene.
- id: motif:3
label: religious departure or flight for the divine cause
taxonomy_refs:
- departure
basis: The passage repeatedly treats fleeing homes or country for God's cause, seeking
escape, and leaving home toward God and the apostle as decisive religious action
with consequences and reward.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:12
- ev:13
- ev:14
confidence: medium
cautions: The departure is framed as communal/legal guidance and migration under
compulsion, not as a full heroic departure tale.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 22710-22713
quote_or_summary: The addressee is told to fight on God's path, stir up the faithful,
and trust God to restrain and punish the infidels.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 22714-22717
quote_or_summary: Good and evil mediation each bring consequences; God keeps watch
over everything.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 22718-22720
quote_or_summary: A greeting should be answered with a better greeting or returned;
God takes count of all things.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:4
type: quote
locator: lines 22721-22723
quote_or_summary: '"He will certainly assemble you on the day of resurrection."'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; short quote.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 22724-22728
quote_or_summary: The community is divided about hypocrites; God has cast them off
for their doings, and no pathway is found for one God leads astray.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 22729-22734
quote_or_summary: Hypocrites desire the believers to become infidels like them;
they are not to be taken as friends until they flee their homes for God's cause,
and hostile turners-back are to be seized and slain.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 22735-22745
quote_or_summary: Those seeking asylum, refraining from war, withdrawing, or offering
peace are treated differently from those returning to sedition and refusing peace.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 22746-22754
quote_or_summary: Accidental killing of a believer requires freeing a believing
slave, possible blood-money, or, without means, fasting two consecutive months
as penance.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: lines 22755-22758
quote_or_summary: Deliberate killing of a believer is recompensed with Hell, divine
wrath, curse, and a great torment.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: lines 22759-22765
quote_or_summary: Believers going forth to fight are told to be discerning and not
to call one who greets them a non-believer for worldly gain.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: lines 22766-22773
quote_or_summary: Those who strive with substance and persons in God's cause are
assigned a rank and rich recompense above those who sit at home, along with forgiveness
and mercy.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: lines 22774-22779
quote_or_summary: Angels take souls of those unjust to themselves, ask their state,
hear that they were weak ones of earth, and answer that God's earth was broad
enough for flight; their home is Hell.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:13
type: summary
locator: lines 22780-22783
quote_or_summary: Weak men, women, and children unable to find means of escape or
guidance on the way are excepted and may be forgiven by God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:14
type: summary
locator: lines 22784-22788
quote_or_summary: Whoever leaves country or home and flees to God and the apostle,
then is overtaken by death, has a sure reward from God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:15
type: summary
locator: lines 22789-22792
quote_or_summary: When going forth to war in the land, believers may shorten prayers
if they fear attack from the infidels.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:16
type: summary
locator: lines 22793-22803
quote_or_summary: With the apostle among them, one armed party prays while another
waits, then the second party prays; precautions and arms are emphasized, with
limited permission to lay arms down for rain or sickness.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:17
type: summary
locator: lines 22804-22807
quote_or_summary: After prayer, God is to be mentioned while standing, sitting,
and reclining; when secure, the faithful should observe prayer at stated hours.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:18
type: summary
locator: lines 22808-22813
quote_or_summary: The faithful are told not to slacken in pursuit of the foe; both
sides suffer, but the faithful hope from God for what the foe cannot hope.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: Extraction is based only on the supplied public-domain passage. Motif labels
are limited to available taxonomy references and are cautious because the passage
is chiefly legal, exhortative, and doctrinal rather than mythic narrative.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
No comparison claims were added because the passage itself does not explicitly support comparison to another text, tradition, or external motif corpus beyond candidate taxonomy mapping.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l22710-l22813
passage_sha256=bca70305ae6e69c843d46476804d2d5af18b782323f6ff5ef906c16b46e64b3f