Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l22473-l22591

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l22473-l22591

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l22473-l22591
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
  label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
    PREFACE; lines 22473-22591
  start: '22473'
  end: '22591'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage gives divine guidance on mercy, avoidance of sins, lawful exchange,
    inheritance, marital dispute resolution, worship, care for vulnerable people,
    almsgiving, prayer purity, and relations with people of Scripture. It describes
    divine recompense, witnesses on the judgment day, Paradise for those forgiven,
    and fire or Hell for malicious wrongdoers and unbelief.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: God is described as desiring to guide the audience, turn to them in mercy,
    and lighten their burden.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Believers are instructed not to consume one another's substance frivolously
    except by consensual trafficking, and not to commit suicide.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: Malicious and wrongful wrongdoing is said to lead to being cast into the fire.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: Avoidance of great forbidden sins is associated with faults being blotted
    out and entry into Paradise.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: The passage assigns portions to men and women according to their deserts and
    instructs the audience to ask God for gifts.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: Kindred and contractual associates are appointed as heirs, and each is to
    receive a portion.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: The passage gives instructions about marital authority, feared refractoriness,
    separation in beds, scourging, obedience, and avoiding further occasion against
    obedient wives.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:8
  text: If a breach between husband and wife is feared, a judge from each family is
    to be sent, and God may effect reconciliation if agreement is desired.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: The audience is instructed to worship God alone and to be good to parents,
    kin, orphans, the poor, neighbors, travelers, wayfarers, and slaves held by the
    right hand.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:10
  text: Niggardliness, ostentatious almsgiving, unbelief in God and the last day,
    and taking Satan as companion are condemned.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:11
  text: God is said not to wrong anyone even by the weight of a mote; a good deed
    is repaid doubly, with a great recompense from God's presence.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:12
  text: A future scene is described in which witnesses from all peoples and the prophet
    as witness are brought up, and infidels who rebelled against the prophet wish
    the earth were levelled with them.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:13
  text: Believers are instructed not to come to prayer while drunken or polluted until
    appropriate washing; if water is unavailable, pure sand is to be rubbed on the
    face and hands.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: obs:14
  text: Some recipients of Scripture are described as vendors of error who desire
    that believers go astray.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
- id: obs:15
  text: Some among the Jews are described as displacing scriptural words and using
    speech that perplexes and wounds the faith.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
- id: obs:16
  text: People given the Scriptures are warned to believe in the sent-down confirmation
    before features are effaced, heads twisted backward, or they are cursed like sabbath-breakers.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:16
- id: obs:17
  text: The union of other gods with God is described as unforgiven by God, while
    other matters may be forgiven to whom God pleases.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:17
- id: obs:18
  text: God is said to have given the Scriptures, wisdom, and a grand kingdom to the
    line of Abraham.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:18
- id: obs:19
  text: Some are said to believe on the prophet and some to turn aside from him; the
    flame of Hell is stated as sufficient punishment.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:19
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: Divine speaker and actor who guides, forgives, commands, judges, curses,
    gives bounty, and repays deeds.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:11
  - ev:16
  - ev:17
  - ev:18
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Believers
  description: The addressed community receiving instructions on conduct, worship,
    prayer, purification, and social duties.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:9
  - ev:13
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Wrongdoers and unbelievers
  description: Persons described as acting maliciously and wrongfully, rebelling against
    the prophet, or disbelieving.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:10
  - ev:12
  - ev:19
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Men and women
  description: Human groups discussed in relation to portions, gifts, deserts, marital
    relations, and family dispute resolution.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Judges from both families
  description: A judge from the husband's family and a judge from the wife's family
    are to be sent if marital breach is feared.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Satan
  description: Named as a possible companion for those who give alms for display and
    do not believe in God and the last day.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Prophet
  description: The prophet is mentioned as one against whom some rebel and as a witness
    brought against them.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:19
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: People given Scripture
  description: A collective group described as having received part of the Scriptures,
    with some accused of error or distortion and addressed with a warning to believe.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
  - ev:15
  - ev:16
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Line of Abraham
  description: The lineage said to have received Scriptures, wisdom, and a grand kingdom
    of old.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:18
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: Divine guide and mercy-giver
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God desires to guide the audience, turn in mercy, and lighten their burden.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: Divine judge and recompensor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God casts wrongdoers into fire, admits others to Paradise, repays good deeds,
    brings witnesses, curses, and forgives or does not forgive.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:16
  - ev:17
- id: role:3
  label: Addressed moral and ritual community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Believers are directly instructed about lawful exchange, worship, care for
    others, prayer, and purification.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:9
  - ev:13
- id: role:4
  label: Condemned transgressors
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Wrongdoers, unbelievers, and rebels against the prophet are associated with
    fire, chastisement, and the wish to be hidden in the earth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:10
  - ev:12
  - ev:19
- id: role:5
  label: Family and inheritance parties
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Men and women are discussed as recipients of portions and as parties in marital
    regulation and reconciliation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: role:6
  label: Mediators in marital breach
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: One judge from each family is sent when breach between husband and wife is
    feared.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:7
  label: Evil companion
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Satan is explicitly called an evil companion for those described.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:8
  label: Eschatological witness
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The prophet is to be brought as witness against those who rebelled.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: role:9
  label: Scriptural recipients under admonition
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Those given Scripture are described as vendors of error, displacers of words,
    and recipients of a warning to believe.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
  - ev:15
  - ev:16
- id: role:10
  label: Recipients of scripture, wisdom, and kingdom
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The line of Abraham is said to have received Scriptures, wisdom, and a grand
    kingdom.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:18
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: Fire
  literal_form: Fire into which a malicious wrongdoer is cast; later, the flame of
    Hell as punishment.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:19
- id: sym:2
  label: Paradise
  literal_form: Paradise entered with honourable entry after avoidance of great forbidden
    sins and blotted faults.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:3
  label: Water
  literal_form: Water used for washing before prayer when polluted or after specified
    conditions.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: sym:4
  label: Pure sand
  literal_form: Pure sand rubbed on face and hands when water is unavailable.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: sym:5
  label: Scriptures
  literal_form: Scriptures given to some groups, confirmed by what is sent down, and
    given with wisdom to the line of Abraham.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
  - ev:15
  - ev:16
  - ev:18
- id: sym:6
  label: Date-stone measure
  literal_form: The husk or speck in a date stone used as a measure of minimal wrong
    or withholding.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:17
  - ev:18
- id: sym:7
  label: Witnesses from all peoples
  literal_form: Witnesses brought up from all peoples, with the prophet as witness
    against the rebels.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Divine guidance and mercy
  summary: God states the desire to make guidance known, guide by the ways of earlier
    people, turn in mercy, and lighten the human burden.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Rules of exchange, sin, and reward
  summary: Believers are warned against wrongful consumption and suicide; malicious
    wrongdoing leads to fire, while avoiding major sins leads to forgiven faults and
    entry into Paradise.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:3
  label: Family portions and marital arbitration
  summary: The passage discusses portions for men and women, inheritance shares, marital
    discipline, and arbitration by one judge from each family.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: scene:4
  label: Worship, charity, and social obligation
  summary: The audience is commanded to worship God alone and care for relatives and
    vulnerable people; pride, miserliness, ostentatious almsgiving, unbelief, and
    Satanic companionship are condemned.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: scene:5
  label: Judgment with witnesses and recompense
  summary: God is described as not wronging anyone, doubling a good deed, giving recompense,
    and bringing witnesses from all peoples and the prophet as witness against rebels.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: scene:6
  label: Prayer purification
  summary: Believers are told not to approach prayer while drunken or polluted; washing
    is required when possible, and pure sand is prescribed when water is unavailable.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: scene:7
  label: Scriptural admonition and curse
  summary: Some people given Scripture are accused of error and distorted speech;
    they are warned to believe before features are effaced, heads turned backward,
    or curses fall as on sabbath-breakers.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
  - ev:15
  - ev:16
- id: scene:8
  label: Unforgiven association of gods and Abrahamic gifts
  summary: The passage states that associating other gods with God is not forgiven,
    criticizes false righteousness and lie-making about God, and recalls Scriptures,
    wisdom, and kingdom given to the line of Abraham, ending with Hell's flame for
    those who turn aside.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:17
  - ev:18
  - ev:19
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Divine judgment with recompense, witnesses, Paradise, and Hell-fire
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage describes good deeds repaid, witnesses brought at judgment, faults
    blotted out with entry into Paradise, and wrongdoers or those turning aside punished
    by fire or Hell.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:19
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is primarily legal and exhortative rather than a narrative
    afterlife journey.
- id: motif:2
  label: Merciful divine guidance and lightened burden
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: God is said to guide the audience into earlier ways, turn to them in mercy,
    and lighten their burden; God is called Knowing and Wise.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The wisdom motif is present as divine guidance and attribute, not as a
    separate wisdom quest narrative.
- id: motif:3
  label: Scripture and wisdom granted to an ancestral lineage
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  - royal_legitimacy
  basis: The line of Abraham is said to have received the Scriptures, wisdom, and
    a grand kingdom.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:18
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage alludes to an inherited sacred and royal gift but does not
    narrate the founding event.
- id: motif:4
  label: Purification before sacred speech or prayer
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage prohibits approaching prayer in states of drunkenness or pollution
    and prescribes washing with water or rubbing with pure sand when water is absent.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  confidence: high
  cautions: No available taxonomy reference directly matches ritual purification;
    water is a symbol reference rather than a motif-family reference.
- id: motif:5
  label: Exclusive worship and rejection of divine association
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage commands worship of God without joining anything with Him and
    states that union of other gods with God is not forgiven.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:17
  confidence: high
  cautions: No available taxonomy reference directly captures monotheistic exclusivity
    in this list.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: 22473-22482
  quote_or_summary: God desires to make guidance known, guide into the ways of those
    before, turn in mercy, and lighten the burden because humanity is weak.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 22483-22487
  quote_or_summary: Believers are told not to devour one another's substance except
    by consensual trafficking, and not to commit suicide.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: quote
  locator: 22488-22490
  quote_or_summary: '"we will in the end cast him into the fire"'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 22491-22493
  quote_or_summary: Those who avoid the great forbidden sins will have faults blotted
    out and will enter Paradise with an honourable entry.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 22494-22498
  quote_or_summary: Men and women each have a portion according to their deserts;
    the audience is told to ask God for gifts.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: 22499-22502
  quote_or_summary: Kindred and those joined by right-hand contract are appointed
    as heirs and are to be given their portions.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 22503-22510
  quote_or_summary: Men are described as superior to women; virtuous women are obedient,
    and instructions are given for chiding, separating, and scourging wives whose
    refractoriness is feared, with no occasion to be sought against those who obey.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: 22511-22515
  quote_or_summary: If breach between man and wife is feared, a judge from each family
    is to be sent; if they desire agreement, God will effect reconciliation.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: 22516-22521
  quote_or_summary: The audience is commanded to worship God alone and be good to
    parents, kin, orphans, the poor, neighbors, travelers, wayfarers, and slaves held
    by the right hand.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: 22522-22530
  quote_or_summary: The passage condemns miserliness, hiding God's bounty, alms given
    to be seen, unbelief in God and the last day, and taking Satan as companion.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: 22531-22537
  quote_or_summary: If people believed and gave alms, God would know them; God will
    not wrong anyone by even a mote, and any good deed will be repaid doubly with
    great recompense.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: 22538-22542
  quote_or_summary: Witnesses from all peoples and the prophet as witness are brought;
    infidels who rebelled against the prophet wish the earth were levelled with them,
    and nothing is hidden from God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: 22543-22550
  quote_or_summary: Believers must not come to prayer drunk or polluted until they
    understand or have washed; if water is unavailable, they rub pure sand and bathe
    face and hands with it.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:14
  type: summary
  locator: 22551-22555
  quote_or_summary: Those given part of the Scriptures are called vendors of error
    who desire the audience to go astray; God is sufficient patron and helper.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:15
  type: summary
  locator: 22556-22565
  quote_or_summary: Among the Jews, some are said to displace the words of their Scriptures
    and use phrases that perplex with tongues and wound the faith; alternate obedient
    wording would be better.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:16
  type: summary
  locator: 22566-22570
  quote_or_summary: Those given Scriptures are told to believe in what has been sent
    down confirming their Scripture before faces are effaced, heads twisted backward,
    or they are cursed like sabbath-breakers.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:17
  type: summary
  locator: 22571-22579
  quote_or_summary: God will not forgive joining other gods with Himself; God makes
    righteous whom He will, and people will not be wronged the husk of a date stone.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:18
  type: summary
  locator: 22580-22588
  quote_or_summary: Some given Scripture believe in Djibt and Thagout and are cursed;
    the passage asks about withholding even the speck in a date stone and recalls
    that the line of Abraham received Scriptures, wisdom, and a grand kingdom.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:19
  type: quote
  locator: 22589-22591
  quote_or_summary: '"the flame of Hell is their sufficing punishment"'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: high
  notes: The passage is mostly legal, exhortative, and theological. Judgment, fire,
    Paradise, purity, and scripture/wisdom themes are explicit; broader comparative
    claims are intentionally omitted because the passage itself does not support historical
    or cross-traditional comparison.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
  Used only the supplied passage and metadata. Taxonomy references are limited to supplied motif families and symbols.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l22473-l22591
  passage_sha256=85185e198d6b421eb0ab222a552bf086a2e57deaf3dc4c37aae9e2a446f6184a