Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l22112-l22232

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l22112-l22232

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l22112-l22232
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
  label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
    PREFACE; lines 22112-22232
  start: '22112'
  end: '22232'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage exhorts believers to faith, striving, almsgiving, and support
    of God and the apostle. It promises forgiveness, gardens with rivers, divine help,
    conquest, and reward. It invokes Jesus son of Mary and his apostles as helpers
    of God. Sura LVII opens with praise of God as creator, sovereign, knower, life-giver
    and death-bringer, then describes God bringing people from darkness into light,
    recompensing believers, and a judgment scene in which believers have light while
    hypocrites are separated by a wall and face fire. The passage closes by urging
    humility and noting that God revives the earth after its death.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: God sends his apostle with guidance and the religion of truth so that it may
    prevail over every other religion despite opposition from those who join other
    gods with God.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Believers are exhorted to believe in God and his apostle and to strive in
    God's cause with wealth and persons.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The promised results for believers include forgiveness of sins, gardens of
    Eden with rivers flowing beneath their shades, divine help, and speedy conquest.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: Jesus son of Mary asks his apostles who will help God, and the apostles answer
    that they will be helpers of God.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: A part of the children of Israel believes and a part does not; those who believe
    are given the upper hand over their foes and become victorious.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: All that is in the heavens and the earth praises God, whose kingdom includes
    the heavens and the earth.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: God makes alive and kills, created the heavens and earth in six days, ascended
    his throne, and knows what enters and leaves the earth and what descends from
    and ascends to heaven.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:8
  text: God causes night to pass into day and day to pass into night and knows the
    secrets of the bosom.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: God sends clear tokens on his servant to bring people out of darkness into
    light.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:10
  text: Those who believe and give alms are promised a great recompense; a generous
    loan to God will be doubled and rewarded.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:11
  text: On a day of judgment, believing men and women have light running before them
    and on their right hand, and angels announce gardens with rivers where they will
    abide forever.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:12
  text: On that day hypocritical men and women ask believers to wait so they may kindle
    their light from the believers' light; they are told to go back and seek light
    for themselves.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:13
  text: A wall with a gateway separates the groups; mercy is within, while torment
    is outside in front of it.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: obs:14
  text: No ransom is taken from hypocrites or unbelievers on that day, and their abode
    is fire.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
- id: obs:15
  text: God quickens the earth after its death as a clear sign for understanding.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: 'The divine speaker and actor: sender of the apostle, forgiver, rewarder,
    creator, sovereign of heavens and earth, giver of life and death, knower of all
    things, and judge.'
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
  - ev:15
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: God's apostle
  description: The apostle sent with guidance and the religion of truth and the one
    who exhorts people to believe in their Lord.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:10
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Believers
  description: Those addressed to believe, strive, give alms, help God, receive forgiveness
    and gardens, and appear on judgment day with light.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Jesus son of Mary
  description: A figure who asks his apostles who will come to the help of God.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Apostles of Jesus
  description: They answer Jesus that they will be helpers of God.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Children of Israel
  description: A group divided between belief and unbelief; the believing part is
    given the upper hand over foes.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Angels
  description: They announce good tidings to believers on the day when believers have
    light.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Hypocrites
  description: Hypocritical men and women who ask believers for light, are separated
    by a wall, and face torment and fire.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Those who believe not
  description: Unbelievers associated with no ransom being accepted and an abode in
    fire.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine sovereign
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God is said to possess the kingdom of the heavens and earth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:2
  label: creator and cosmic knower
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God creates the heavens and earth, ascends the throne, and knows movements
    between earth and heaven.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:3
  label: judge and rewarder
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God forgives, brings believers into gardens, doubles the generous loan, and
    assigns fire as the abode of the condemned.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:10
  - ev:14
- id: role:4
  label: life-giver and death-bringer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God is described as making alive and killing and quickening the earth after
    its death.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:15
- id: role:5
  label: messenger or exhorting figure
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  basis: God's apostle exhorts belief, while Jesus son of Mary calls for helpers of
    God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: role:6
  label: helpers of God
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  basis: Believers are told to be helpers of God; Jesus' apostles declare themselves
    helpers of God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:7
  label: rewarded faithful
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Believers are promised forgiveness, gardens, recompense, and light on judgment
    day.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: role:8
  label: divided community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The children of Israel are described as partly believing and partly not believing.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:9
  label: announcers of good tidings
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Angels announce gardens and eternal abiding to the believers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: role:10
  label: condemned outsiders
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  basis: Hypocrites and unbelievers are associated with exclusion, no ransom, torment,
    and fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: gardens with flowing rivers
  literal_form: Gardens of Eden or gardens beneath whose shades rivers flow.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:11
- id: sym:2
  label: fire as abode
  literal_form: Fire described as the abode and master of the condemned.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
- id: sym:3
  label: light of believers
  literal_form: Light running before believers and on their right hand; hypocrites
    seek to kindle their light from it.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: sym:4
  label: darkness into light
  literal_form: A movement from darkness into light by means of clear tokens sent
    by God.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:5
  label: wall with gateway
  literal_form: A wall with a gateway between believers and hypocrites; mercy is within
    and torment outside.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: sym:6
  label: generous loan to God
  literal_form: A loan to God that is doubled and rewarded.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: sym:7
  label: revived earth
  literal_form: The earth quickened after its death.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
- id: sym:8
  label: night and day alternation
  literal_form: Night passing into day and day passing into night.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:9
  label: divine throne
  literal_form: God ascends his throne after creating the heavens and the earth in
    six days.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Exhortation to belief and striving
  summary: Believers are urged to believe in God and his apostle and to strive in
    God's cause with wealth and persons, with deliverance from torment presented as
    the outcome.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Promise of forgiveness, gardens, and victory
  summary: Believers are promised forgiveness, entry into gardens with rivers, divine
    help, and speedy conquest.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Jesus and the helpers of God
  summary: Jesus son of Mary asks his apostles who will help God; the apostles answer
    that they will be helpers of God, and believers among the children of Israel are
    made victorious over foes.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:4
  label: Cosmic sovereignty and creation
  summary: God is praised by all in heaven and earth, holds their kingdom, gives life
    and death, creates in six days, ascends the throne, and knows all movement between
    earth and heaven.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:5
  label: Moral exchange and recompense
  summary: People are urged to believe, give alms, expend in God's cause, and lend
    a generous loan to God, with promised recompense and doubled reward.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: scene:6
  label: Judgment-day separation by light and wall
  summary: Believers appear with light and receive angelic good tidings of gardens
    with rivers. Hypocrites seek light from them but are told to return; a wall with
    a gateway separates mercy within from torment outside.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:3
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
- id: scene:7
  label: No ransom and fire
  summary: On that day no ransom is accepted from hypocrites or unbelievers, and their
    abode is fire.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
- id: scene:8
  label: Reviving the dead earth
  summary: God quickens the earth after its death, presented as a clear sign for understanding.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: divine judgment with reward and punishment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage contrasts believers receiving gardens, rivers, light, and good
    tidings with hypocrites and unbelievers facing separation, no ransom, torment,
    and fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
  confidence: high
  cautions: The extraction is limited to this passage and does not classify the wider
    eschatological system beyond the cited judgment scene.
- id: motif:2
  label: afterlife topography of light, wall, mercy, torment, gardens, and fire
  taxonomy_refs:
  - afterlife_journey_map
  basis: 'The judgment scene includes spatial features: believers'' light, gardens
    with rivers, a wall with a gateway, mercy inside, torment outside, and fire as
    the abode of the condemned.'
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage gives a compact spatial image rather than a full narrated
    journey.
- id: motif:3
  label: sacred exchange through giving and loan to God
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  basis: Believers are urged to give alms, expend in God's cause, and lend a generous
    loan to God, with the promise that it will be doubled and rewarded.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage frames the exchange ethically and devotionally; it should
    not be reduced to a commercial transaction despite the metaphor of loan.
- id: motif:4
  label: divine victory granted to faithful helpers
  taxonomy_refs:
  - royal_legitimacy
  basis: Believers are told to be helpers of God; Jesus' apostles are cited as helpers
    of God; believing Israelites are given the upper hand over foes and become victorious.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy reference is approximate, since the passage emphasizes divine
    support and communal victory rather than royal succession.
- id: motif:5
  label: movement from darkness into light
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: God sends clear tokens on his servant to bring people out of darkness into
    light, and believers later bear light in the judgment scene.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage uses light imagery for guidance and judgment; the wisdom classification
    is interpretive and should be reviewed.
- id: motif:6
  label: revival after death as sign
  taxonomy_refs:
  - death_rebirth
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: The earth is said to be quickened after its death, presented as a clear sign.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage mentions revived earth briefly and does not explicitly develop
    a seasonal myth narrative.
- id: motif:7
  label: covenantal alliance and obligation
  taxonomy_refs:
  - covenant
  basis: The passage says God has accepted the believers' alliance and urges belief,
    expenditure, and striving in God's cause.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The wording is from the translation; the exact covenantal terminology
    would need review against the source language.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage itself sets the believers' role as helpers of God alongside the
    apostles of Jesus, presenting a parallel pattern of faithful assistants answering
    a divine cause.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Jesus' apostles as helpers of God within the passage
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: This is an intra-passage comparison only; it does not establish historical
    contact beyond what the passage states.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The translator's note connects the passage's reference to an announced apostle
    with Christian scriptural traditions about the Paraclete and other biblical passages
    interpreted by Muslims as referring to Muhammad.
  claim_level: historical_contact
  target: Christian scriptural interpretation mentioned in the translator note
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:16
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The claim depends on the translator's note included in the passage,
    not on the translated Qur'anic verses alone, and requires human review.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 22112-22114
  quote_or_summary: God sends his apostle with guidance and the religion of truth
    so it may be victorious over every other religion despite opposition from those
    who join other gods with God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 22116-22122
  quote_or_summary: Believers are asked about a merchandise that will deliver them
    from sore torment and are told to believe and strive in God's cause with wealth
    and persons.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 22124-22131
  quote_or_summary: God will forgive sins, bring believers into gardens of Eden with
    rivers flowing beneath their shades, and bestow help from God and speedy conquest.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: quote
  locator: lines 22133-22136
  quote_or_summary: Jesus son of Mary asks, "Who will come to the help of God?" and
    the apostles answer, "We ... will be helpers of God."
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; short quotation.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 22136-22139
  quote_or_summary: Part of the children of Israel believed and part did not; believers
    were given the upper hand over their foes and proved victorious.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LVII opening, lines 22167-22172
  quote_or_summary: All in the heavens and earth praises God; his is the kingdom of
    the heavens and the earth.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LVII opening, lines 22170-22178
  quote_or_summary: God makes alive and kills, created the heavens and earth in six
    days, ascended his throne, and knows what enters and exits earth and what descends
    from and ascends to heaven.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LVII opening, lines 22182-22184
  quote_or_summary: God causes night to pass into day and day into night and knows
    the secrets of the bosom.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LVII opening, lines 22194-22196
  quote_or_summary: God sends clear tokens on his servant to bring people out of darkness
    into light.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LVII opening, lines 22186-22208
  quote_or_summary: Believers are urged to give alms and expend for God's cause; a
    generous loan to God will be doubled and receive a noble reward.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LVII opening, lines 22210-22214
  quote_or_summary: Believing men and women have light running before them and on
    their right hand; angels announce gardens with rivers where they will abide forever.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LVII opening, lines 22216-22219
  quote_or_summary: Hypocritical men and women ask believers to wait so they may kindle
    light from theirs; they are told to return and seek light for themselves.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LVII opening, lines 22219-22224
  quote_or_summary: A wall with a gateway is set between the groups, with mercy inside
    and torment outside; the separated groups speak to each other.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:14
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LVII opening, lines 22226-22228
  quote_or_summary: On that day no ransom is taken from hypocrites or unbelievers;
    their abode is fire and the journey there is wretched.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:15
  type: summary
  locator: Sura LVII opening, lines 22230-22232
  quote_or_summary: God quickens the earth after its death and makes the signs clear
    for understanding.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:16
  type: summary
  locator: translator note 2, lines 22145-22158
  quote_or_summary: The translator notes that Muhammad may have understood the Paraclete
    as equivalent to Periclytos and lists other biblical passages interpreted by Muslims
    as referring to their Prophet.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized translator note.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The passage spans two textual units and includes translator notes; motifs
    tied to the translated verses are stronger than those relying on notes or approximate
    taxonomy matches.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
  Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. Taxonomy references are limited to supplied motif families and symbol references.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l22112-l22232
  passage_sha256=7ecba431c27f60230fe846f9f91d09afd61a4da78552bab66be6cb0f568fd877