batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l21624-l21745
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l21624-l21745
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
PREFACE; lines 21624-21745
start: '21624'
end: '21745'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage addresses a battlefield reverse among believers, interpreting
disobedience, flight, loss, death, and fear as matters under God's permission,
testing, pardon, and judgment. It contrasts faithful trust, prophetic guidance,
martyrdom, resurrection, and divine reward with hypocrisy, unbelief, Satanic fear,
and chastisement.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: God is said to have fulfilled a promise when the believers destroyed their
foes by divine permission, before their courage failed and they disputed and disobeyed
an order.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Some participants are described as desiring this world and others the next;
God turned them to flight as a trial and then forgave them.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: The believers came up a height while the Prophet was behind them calling them
to the fight.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: After trouble, God sent security; slumber fell on part of the group, while
another part thought unjustly of God and concealed thoughts about the battle's
outcome.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:5
text: The deaths of those slain are framed as decreed, and the episode is said to
reveal what was in breasts and hearts.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:6
text: Satan is identified as the one who caused some who turned back on the day
the hosts met to fail in duty; God is then said to have pardoned them.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:7
text: The passage warns believers not to speak like infidels who claim that absent
brethren would not have died or been slain if they had stayed behind.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:8
text: Those who die or are slain on the path of God are said to be gathered unto
God, and pardon and mercy from God are valued above worldly amassing.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: The Prophet is instructed to forgive, ask pardon for the believers, consult
them in the affair of war, and trust in God after resolving on action.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:10
text: A person who defrauds is said to come forth with the defrauding on the day
of resurrection, when every soul is paid what it has merited.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:11
text: God is said to have raised an apostle from among the faithful to rehearse
signs, cleanse them, and teach the Book and Wisdom.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:12
text: The battlefield reverse is said to come from the believers themselves and
also by God's will, so that God might know the faithful and the hypocrites.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:13
text: Those slain on God's path are explicitly described as not dead but alive with
their Lord, sustained and rejoicing.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:14
text: When warned that the Meccans were mustering against them, some believers'
faith increased, and they declared God sufficient and an excellent protector.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: obs:15
text: Satan is said to instill fear of his adherents; the believers are told to
fear God instead.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- id: obs:16
text: The passage states that God will not leave the faithful as they are until
he severs the bad from the good.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: The divine actor who permits victory, tests, forgives, sends security,
decrees death, makes alive and kills, helps or abandons, judges, rewards, chastises,
and separates bad from good.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:11
- ev:13
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: the Prophet / Apostle
description: The messenger among the faithful who calls them to the fight, speaks
gently, is instructed to forgive and consult, and teaches signs, the Book, and
Wisdom.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:7
- ev:9
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: the faithful / believers
description: The addressed community, including those who fought, failed, fled,
were forgiven, trusted God, and responded after the reverse.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:12
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: foes / hosts / Meccans
description: Opposing forces encountered in battle and later described as mustering
against the believers.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:5
- ev:12
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Satan
description: The adversarial figure said to cause some to fail in duty and to instill
fear of his adherents.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:13
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: infidels
description: Those held up as a negative example for their speech about dead or
slain brethren and described as hastening after or purchasing infidelity.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:13
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: hypocrites
description: Those distinguished from the faithful, speaking with their lips what
was not in their hearts and remaining at home.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: those slain on God's path
description: The slain who are said not to be dead but alive with their Lord, sustained
and rejoicing.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine tester
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The battle reverse and concealed thoughts are described as means by which
God makes trial of what is within people.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:10
- id: role:2
label: divine judge and recompensor
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The passage describes resurrection, payment of every soul according to merit,
wrath, Hell, chastisement, and separation of bad from good.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:13
- id: role:3
label: divine helper and forgiver
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God forgives the believers, sends security, helps or abandons, protects,
and grants favour.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:7
- ev:12
- id: role:4
label: prophetic war leader
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The Prophet is described calling from the rear and being instructed to consult
in the affair of war.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:7
- id: role:5
label: prophetic teacher and purifier
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The apostle rehearses signs, cleanses the faithful, and teaches the Book
and Wisdom.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:6
label: tested community
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The believers experience victory, disobedience, flight, trouble, pardon,
renewed faith, and trust.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:12
- id: role:7
label: enemy force
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The foes are destroyed by the believers at first, meet them as hosts, and
later are described as mustering against them.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:5
- ev:12
- id: role:8
label: tempter and fear-instiller
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Satan causes some to fail in duty and instills fear of his adherents.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:13
- id: role:9
label: negative exemplar of unbelief
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Infidels are cited as those whose speech believers should not imitate and
who are subject to chastisement.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:13
- id: role:10
label: concealed dissenters
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The hypocrites are described as saying with their lips what was not in their
hearts.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: role:11
label: living slain / martyrs
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Those slain on God's path are said not to be dead but alive with their Lord
and sustained.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: path of God
literal_form: path
associated_figures:
- fig:3
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:11
- id: sym:2
label: height
literal_form: height ascended during battle
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:3
label: slumber as security
literal_form: slumber sent after trouble
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:4
label: breasts and hearts
literal_form: breasts and hearts as seats of concealed inner states
associated_figures:
- fig:3
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:10
- id: sym:5
label: day of resurrection
literal_form: day of resurrection
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:6
label: Hell
literal_form: Hell as an abode for one under God's wrath
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:7
label: Book and Wisdom
literal_form: Book and Wisdom taught by the apostle
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Battlefield promise, disobedience, and flight
summary: God's promise is said to have been fulfilled in initial success against
foes, followed by failed courage, disputed command, disobedience, and divinely
permitted flight as a trial.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: scene:2
label: Security and inner testing after trouble
summary: After the battlefield trouble, God sends security and slumber to part of
the group, while others conceal doubts; the deaths are framed as decreed and the
episode as a disclosure of inner states.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:3
label: Satanic failure and divine pardon
summary: Those who turned back when the hosts met are said to have failed because
of Satan, yet God pardons them.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:4
label: Teaching about death, martyrdom, and gathering to God
summary: The passage rejects the claim that those who traveled or fought could have
avoided death by staying behind, and states that those who die or are slain on
God's path will be gathered to God.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:6
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:11
- id: scene:5
label: Prophetic mercy and consultation
summary: The Prophet is described as gentle by God's mercy and instructed to forgive,
ask pardon, consult in war, and trust God.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:6
label: Resurrection judgment and moral gradation
summary: Defrauding, merit, divine pleasure, wrath, Hell, and varying grades with
God are presented in relation to the day of resurrection.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: scene:7
label: Apostle raised to teach signs, Book, and Wisdom
summary: God is said to have raised an apostle from among the faithful to rehearse
signs, cleanse them, and teach Book and Wisdom after prior error.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: scene:8
label: Renewed trust under threat
summary: After the reverse, some respond to God and the Apostle; a warning about
the Meccans increases their faith, and they return favored and unharmed.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: scene:9
label: Fear, unbelief, and separation of bad from good
summary: Satan is said to instill fear of his adherents, while unbelief and lengthened
days lead to chastisement; God will separate the bad from the good.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:5
- fig:6
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Divine trial through battlefield reversal
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The reverse, flight, inner doubts, and distinction of faithful from hypocrites
are explicitly described as occurring by God's will to test and disclose inner
states.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:10
- ev:13
confidence: high
cautions: The passage frames the episode theologically, but it does not present
a formal mythic trial sequence beyond this battle context.
- id: motif:2
label: Resurrection and recompense of every soul
taxonomy_refs:
- resurrection
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage refers to the day of resurrection, payment of every soul according
to merit, Hell for one under wrath, and chastisement for infidelity.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:13
confidence: high
cautions: No detailed afterlife geography is given beyond gathering, Hell, reward,
and chastisement.
- id: motif:3
label: Slain on God's path alive with the Lord
taxonomy_refs:
- resurrection
basis: Those slain on God's path are said not to be dead, but alive with their Lord,
sustained and rejoicing without fear or grief.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
confidence: high
cautions: The passage does not describe a narrative return to earthly life; the
motif is limited to continued life with God after being slain.
- id: motif:4
label: Prophetic instruction in Book and Wisdom
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: God raises an apostle who rehearses signs, cleanses the faithful, and gives
knowledge of the Book and Wisdom.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
confidence: high
cautions: This is a didactic-prophetic motif rather than a wisdom contest or wisdom
quest.
- id: motif:5
label: Satanic instigation of failure and fear
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Satan is named as causing some to fail in duty during battle and as instilling
fear of his adherents.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:13
confidence: high
cautions: No available taxonomy reference exactly matches this adversarial temptation
pattern.
- id: motif:6
label: Separation of bad from good
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage states that God will not leave the faithful in their current
state until he severs the bad from the good.
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
confidence: high
cautions: The separation is stated doctrinally rather than narrated as a completed
sorting scene.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 21624-21631
quote_or_summary: God made good His promise when the believers destroyed foes by
His permission, until their courage failed, they disputed about the order, and
disobeyed after the Prophet had shown them what they longed for.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 21632-21636
quote_or_summary: Some desired this world and some the next; God turned them to
flight as a trial and then forgave them.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 21637-21642
quote_or_summary: The believers came up the height and ignored others while the
Prophet called from the rear; God rewarded them with trouble upon trouble so they
would not grieve over lost booty or what befell them.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 21643-21657
quote_or_summary: After trouble, God sent security and slumber to part of them;
others thought unjustly of God, concealed doubts, and were told that those decreed
to be slain would have gone to their lying places so God might try what was in
breasts and discover what was in hearts.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 21658-21662
quote_or_summary: Satan alone caused those who turned back on the day the hosts
met to fail in duty, and God pardoned them.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 21663-21675
quote_or_summary: Believers are warned not to be like infidels who say dead or slain
brethren would have lived had they stayed; God makes alive and kills, and those
who die or are slain on God's path will be gathered to God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 21676-21685
quote_or_summary: By God's mercy the Prophet speaks gently; he is told to forgive,
seek pardon, consult in war, resolve, and trust God. If God helps, none overcome;
if He abandons, none can help.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 21686-21696
quote_or_summary: The Prophet will not defraud; whoever defrauds will come with
it on the day of resurrection, every soul will be paid its merit, and the one
under God's wrath has Hell as abode, with varying grades before God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 21697-21701
quote_or_summary: God graciously raised an apostle from among the faithful to rehearse
signs, cleanse them, and teach the Book and Wisdom after manifest error.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: 21702-21719
quote_or_summary: The reverse is said to be from themselves and by God's will, so
that He might know the faithful and hypocrites; some said with lips what was not
in hearts and claimed the slain would have lived had they obeyed.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: 21720-21729
quote_or_summary: Those slain on God's path are not to be reputed dead; they are
alive with their Lord, sustained, rejoicing in God's bounty, without fear or grief,
and their reward does not perish.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: 21730-21739
quote_or_summary: Those who respond after the reverse and fear God have reward;
when warned that the Meccans were mustering, their faith increased, they said
God was sufficient, and they returned favored and unharmed.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
type: summary
locator: 21740-21745
quote_or_summary: Satan would instill fear of his adherents; believers are told
to fear God. Infidels will not injure God, will receive chastisement, and God
will sever the bad from the good.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: high
notes: Extraction is based entirely on the supplied English passage. Motif taxonomy
assignment is cautious because the passage is doctrinal-exhortative and battle-contextual
rather than a fully elaborated myth narrative. No comparison claims were added
because the passage itself does not compare to other traditions or motif families
beyond the provided taxonomy mapping.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
No available symbol taxonomy IDs were directly applicable to the passage's symbols; symbol taxonomy references therefore remain empty.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l21624-l21745
passage_sha256=e07d2382bbaadf2dfaed7e8ae0ffffffa52181ee793a2e996fe73e072e1372c1