batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l20834-l20983
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l20834-l20983
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
PREFACE; lines 20834-20983
start: '20834'
end: '20983'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage includes translator notes on the battle of Bedr and then Sura
XLVII, which contrasts believers and infidels, commands warfare and treatment
of captives, promises divine help and Paradise to believers, threatens destruction
and fire to unbelievers, describes Paradise with rivers of water, milk, wine,
and honey, warns of the sudden Hour, and rebukes those with diseased or locked
hearts.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: A note states that Muhammad planned to attack an unarmed Koreisch caravan
and that Abu Sofian sought armed assistance from Mecca.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: A note explains a miracle in which gravelstones and sand were cast into the
eyes of the Meccans at Bedr, with the casting attributed to God.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: The passage says God causes the works of unbelievers who obstruct God's way
to fail, while canceling the sins of believers and setting their hearts aright.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: The passage commands fighting against infidels, including striking them, binding
captives, and later freeing or ransoming them until war ends.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: Those who fight for the cause of God are promised that their works will not
fail, that they will receive guidance, and that they will be brought into Paradise.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: Believers are told that if they help God, God will help them and set their
feet firm.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:7
text: The passage points to earlier, stronger cities or peoples destroyed by God
as a warning to infidels.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:8
text: Paradise is pictured as gardens with rivers of incorruptible water, unchanged
milk, delicious wine, clarified honey, and all kinds of fruit.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:9
text: The contrasting lot of others is to dwell forever in fire and to drink boiling
water that rends their bowels.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:10
text: Some hear Muhammad, leave, and mockingly ask those given knowledge what he
said; these are described as having sealed hearts and following their lusts.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:11
text: The passage says the Hour will come suddenly, that its signs have already
come, and that warning will no longer avail when it arrives.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:12
text: When a peremptory Sura about war is revealed, people described as diseased
in heart look toward Muhammad like one under the shadows of death.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:13
text: The passage asks whether locks are upon the hearts of those who will not meditate
on the Koran.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: The divine speaker or agent who cancels sins, guides, destroys, protects
believers, judges unbelievers, and promises Paradise or fire.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:7
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Muhammad
description: Named prophet addressed in the Sura and mentioned in notes connected
with Bedr and Medin.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:8
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Believers
description: Those who believe, do right, follow the truth, may fight for God's
cause, and are promised guidance and Paradise.
role_refs:
- role:5
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Infidels / unbelievers
description: Those who disbelieve, obstruct God's way, follow vanity or lusts, have
no protector, and are threatened with destruction and fire.
role_refs:
- role:6
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:7
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Those who flourished before / former cities
description: Earlier powerful communities or cities whose destructive end is cited
as a warning.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: People with diseased hearts
description: Those who react fearfully to a revealed Sura whose burden is war and
are associated with disorder and violation of kinship ties.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Abu Sofian
description: The person said in a note to have charge of the Koreisch caravan and
to have sent to Mecca for help.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Gabriel and angels
description: Translator notes mention Gabriel's mission to Muhammad with promise
of victory and angels fighting for the Muslims.
role_refs:
- role:12
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine judge
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God rewards believers, nullifies unbelievers' works, destroys earlier peoples,
and assigns Paradise or fire.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:2
label: protector and helper
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God is called protector of believers and is said to help those who help God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:3
label: giver of guidance
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God sets hearts aright, gives guidance, and increases guidance for those
who have it.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:6
- id: role:4
label: recipient and preacher of revelation
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The passage refers to what has been sent down to Muhammad and to people listening
to him or reacting to a revealed Sura.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:6
- ev:8
- id: role:5
label: righteous recipients of reward
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Believers are described as doing right and receiving canceled sins, guidance,
firm footing, and Paradise.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:6
label: opponents of God's way
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Unbelievers prevent others from God's way, follow vanity, and are the object
of battle commands.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: role:7
label: fighters for God's cause
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Those who fight for God's cause are promised that their works will not miscarry.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:8
label: recipients of punishment
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Unbelievers are threatened with perishing, destroyed works, no protector,
and dwelling in fire.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:9
label: exemplary destroyed predecessors
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Earlier strong cities or peoples are cited as having been destroyed by God.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:10
label: fearful or hypocritical hearers
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Those with diseased hearts react to war revelation with a death-like look
and are linked to disorder and broken blood ties.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:11
label: caravan guardian
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The note says Abu Sofian had charge of the Koreisch caravan.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:12
label: heavenly auxiliaries
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Notes mention Gabriel bringing promise of victory and angels fighting for
the Muslims.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: Paradisal rivers
literal_form: Rivers of water, milk, wine, and clarified honey in Paradise.
associated_figures:
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs:
- water
- milk
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:2
label: Fire
literal_form: The dwelling-place of those contrasted with the God-fearing; described
as an everlasting fire.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:3
label: Boiling water
literal_form: Draughts of boiling water forced upon those in fire.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:4
label: Sealed or locked hearts
literal_form: Hearts sealed by God and hearts imagined as having locks upon them.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:8
- id: sym:5
label: The Hour
literal_form: A sudden eschatological Hour whose signs have already come.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:6
label: Fetters
literal_form: Fetters made fast upon captives after slaughter in war.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:7
label: Shadows of death
literal_form: A look like that of one on whom the shadows of death have fallen.
associated_figures:
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Bedr-related notes
summary: Translator notes describe a planned attack on a Koreisch caravan, Meccan
armed assistance, and miraculous or angelic aid associated with Bedr.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Contrast of belief and unbelief
summary: The passage contrasts unbelievers who follow vanity and obstruct God's
way with believers who receive forgiveness, truth, and corrected hearts.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: War, captives, and divine testing
summary: The passage commands fighting, binding captives, later release or ransom,
and says God tests people through one another while preserving the works of those
who fight for God's cause.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:4
label: Destroyed predecessors as warning
summary: The passage asks whether unbelievers have seen the end of earlier peoples
and says God destroyed stronger cities with none to help them.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:5
label: Paradise and fire contrasted
summary: The promised Paradise of the God-fearing is described with rivers and fruit,
while the opposing lot is eternal fire and boiling water.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:6
label: Hearing, mockery, and sealed hearts
summary: Some hear Muhammad and then mockingly ask what he said; the passage says
their hearts are sealed, while those guided receive increased guidance.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: scene:7
label: The sudden Hour
summary: The passage warns that the Hour may come suddenly and that its signs have
already appeared.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:8
label: War revelation and locked hearts
summary: When a Sura with the burden of war is revealed, the diseased of heart look
death-stricken; the passage urges obedience and asks whether locks are on hearts
that do not meditate on the Koran.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Divine judgment and recompense
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage repeatedly contrasts the fate of believers and unbelievers through
canceled sins, failed works, destruction, Paradise, fire, and the sudden Hour.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:7
confidence: high
cautions: The extraction is limited to this translated passage and its notes.
- id: motif:2
label: Afterlife contrast of garden and fire
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage pictures Paradise as gardens with rivers and fruit and contrasts
it with eternal fire and boiling water.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: The passage gives a vivid destination contrast but not a detailed journey
map.
- id: motif:3
label: Sacred reciprocal aid
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: Believers are told that if they help God, God will help them and make their
feet firm.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
confidence: medium
cautions: The wording supports reciprocity, but the passage does not describe an
exchange of material offerings.
- id: motif:4
label: Guidance and closed hearts
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: The passage opposes divine guidance and meditation on the Koran to sealed
or locked hearts and following lusts.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:6
- ev:8
confidence: medium
cautions: The taxonomy reference is broad; the passage emphasizes obedience and
receptivity as much as wisdom.
- id: motif:5
label: Destroyed predecessors as warning
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: Earlier stronger communities or cities are cited as having been destroyed
by God, and their fate is made a warning for present unbelievers.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
confidence: high
cautions: No specific earlier people are named in this passage segment.
- id: motif:6
label: Heavenly aid in battle
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Translator notes mention Gabriel's promise of victory, angels fighting for
the Muslims, and a miracle at Bedr involving sand or gravel cast into enemy eyes.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: medium
cautions: This motif is drawn from notes in the passage rather than from the main
Sura text included here.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 20834-20860, translator notes 4, 7, 14-16
quote_or_summary: Notes describe Muhammad's design against a Koreisch caravan, Abu
Sofian's request for Meccan aid, the miracle of sand or gravel at Bedr, Gabriel's
promise of victory, and angels fighting for Muslims.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; summarized rather than extensively quoted.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: Sura XLVII, opening verses
quote_or_summary: God causes the works of unbelievers who obstruct God's way to
miscarry; believers who do right and believe what was sent down to Muhammad have
sins canceled and hearts set right.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; summarized rather than extensively quoted.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: Sura XLVII, war and captives passage
quote_or_summary: The passage commands fighting infidels, binding captives, then
freeing or ransoming them until war ends; those who fight for God's cause are
promised preserved works, guidance, and Paradise.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; summarized rather than extensively quoted.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: Sura XLVII, divine help and destroyed cities passage
quote_or_summary: Believers are told that if they help God, God will help them;
unbelievers' works are brought to nothing; earlier stronger peoples and cities
were destroyed, and God is protector of believers.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; summarized rather than extensively quoted.
- id: ev:5
type: quote
locator: Sura XLVII, Paradise and fire description
quote_or_summary: Paradise contains rivers of water, milk, wine, and clarified honey,
with fruits; the contrasted lot is dwelling forever in fire and drinking boiling
water.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; short excerpt summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: Sura XLVII, hearers and guidance passage
quote_or_summary: Some hear Muhammad and then ask mockingly what he said; their
hearts are sealed, while those with guidance receive increased guidance and instruction
in fear.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; summarized rather than extensively quoted.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: Sura XLVII, Hour and pardon passage
quote_or_summary: The passage says the Hour will come suddenly, that its signs have
already come, and commands knowledge of God's oneness and asking pardon for sin
and for believers.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; summarized rather than extensively quoted.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: Sura XLVII, war Sura and locked hearts passage
quote_or_summary: Believers wish for a Sura; when one with the burden of war is
revealed, the diseased of heart look death-stricken. The passage mentions disorder
in the land, violation of blood ties, deafness, blindness, and locks upon hearts.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source metadata; summarized rather than extensively quoted.
confidence:
extraction: medium
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: Extraction is based only on the supplied line range. Some Bedr-related elements
come from translator notes rather than the main Sura text. No comparison claims
were made because the passage does not itself establish a specific cross-textual
comparison.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
All observations and motif candidates are tied to evidence from the supplied passage only.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l20834-l20983
passage_sha256=5e3ec0517df970c04da68390589dc9e02769dfb372b54c3238b5574c2a6ab3f7