batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l20575-l20701
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l20575-l20701
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
PREFACE; lines 20575-20701
start: '20575'
end: '20701'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: 'The passage recalls divine reassurance and aid to the faithful during
conflict: sleep and heavenly water cleanse and steady them; angels are commanded
to support them; believers are warned not to retreat and are told that God, not
they, was the true agent of victory. It contrasts faithful obedience with unbelief,
plotting, mock worship, and spending wealth to turn people from God. It promises
punishment, Hell, forgiveness if unbelievers desist, divine protection for the
faithful, and rules for distributing booty. It also recalls the battlefield setting,
the meeting of hosts, and a dream in which the enemy appeared few.'
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Sleep is described as falling upon the faithful as a sign of security from
God.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Water is sent down from Heaven to cleanse the faithful, remove Satanic pollution,
strengthen their hearts, and establish their feet.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: God speaks to the angels and says He will be with them, instructing them to
establish the faithful.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: God announces that He will cast dread into the hearts of the infidels.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: The faithful are warned not to turn their backs when meeting the marshalled
hosts of the infidels, except in tactical movement or rallying to another troop.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: The passage states that God, rather than the believers, slew the enemy, and
that the shafts were God's rather than the apostle's.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:7
text: The Meccans are told that a decision has come, that returning to struggle
will be met by divine return, and that their numerous forces will not avail them
because God is with the faithful.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:8
text: God is said to come between a man and his own heart, and the faithful are
told they will be gathered to Him.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: The faithful are reminded that when they were few and weak, God took them
in, strengthened them, and supplied them with good things.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:10
text: Unbelievers are described as plotting to imprison, kill, or banish the addressed
figure; God also plots and is called the best of plotters.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:11
text: Unbelievers challenge God to rain stones from Heaven or impose grievous chastisement
if the message is true.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:12
text: God does not chastise the unbelievers while the addressed figure is among
them or while they seek pardon.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:13
text: The passage says the Godfearing, not the debaring unbelievers, are guardians
of the holy temple.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:14
text: The unbelievers' prayer at the house of God is characterized as whistling
through fingers and clapping hands.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: obs:15
text: Infidels are said to spend riches to turn people aside from the way of God,
after which they will sigh and be overcome.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- id: obs:16
text: The infidels are to be gathered into Hell, where God separates the bad from
the good and heaps the bad together.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: obs:17
text: The infidels are told that if they desist, the past will be forgiven, but
if they return, the doom of the ancients is before them.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- id: obs:18
text: The faithful are commanded to fight until strife ends and religion is wholly
God's, while God is named their protector and helper if opponents turn back.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- id: obs:19
text: A fifth part of booty is assigned to God, the Apostle, near kin, orphans,
the poor, and the wayfarer.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
- id: obs:20
text: The battle setting is described with the faithful on the near side of the
valley, the opponents on the farther side, and the caravan below.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:18
- id: obs:21
text: God shows the enemy as few in a dream to prevent faintheartedness and dispute
among the faithful.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:19
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: Divine speaker and agent who sends sleep and water, commands angels,
casts dread, judges, protects, forgives, plots against plotters, and directs events.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:6
- ev:8
- ev:10
- ev:14
- ev:16
- ev:19
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: the faithful / those who believe
description: The addressed believing group, aided and tested by God, commanded to
obey, fight, avoid retreat, and remember prior weakness and divine support.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:16
- ev:18
- ev:19
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: the angels
description: Heavenly beings addressed by God and instructed to establish the faithful.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: the infidels / unbelievers / Meccans
description: Opposing group described as resisting God and the apostle, plotting,
challenging chastisement, barring the faithful from the holy temple, spending
wealth to divert people, and destined for punishment if they persist.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:5
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:11
- ev:13
- ev:14
- ev:15
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: the apostle / servant
description: The figure associated with God in commands and opposition; the passage
says the shafts were God's, not his, and mentions what was sent down to God's
servant on the day of victory.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:8
- ev:17
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Satan
description: A source of pollution said to be removed from the faithful through
heavenly water.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: orphans, the poor, and the wayfarer
description: Recipient categories named in the distribution of a fifth part of booty.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine protector and helper
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God is said to be with the faithful, to strengthen them, and to be their
protector and helper.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:7
- ev:16
- id: role:2
label: divine judge and punisher
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God is described as severe in punishment, associated with chastisement, Hell,
and separation of bad from good.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:14
- ev:15
- id: role:3
label: divine strategist
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God brings hostile craft to nothing, plots against plotters, leads events
to accomplish what is destined, and shapes perception through a dream.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:8
- ev:18
- ev:19
- id: role:4
label: aided believing community
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The faithful receive security, cleansing, strengthening, guidance, and commands
in battle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:7
- ev:16
- id: role:5
label: heavenly supporters
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The angels are instructed by God to establish the faithful.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:6
label: opposing unbelieving host
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The infidels oppose God and the apostle, form marshalled hosts, plot, challenge
punishment, and attempt to turn people from God's way.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:13
- id: role:7
label: apostolic addressee and servant
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: The passage refers to the apostle, to plots against him, and to what was
sent down to God's servant on the day of victory.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:8
- ev:17
- id: role:8
label: source of pollution
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: The passage says heavenly water causes the pollution of Satan to pass from
the faithful.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:9
label: designated recipients of sacred share
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: Orphans, the poor, and the wayfarer are listed among recipients of the fifth
part of booty.
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: heavenly water of cleansing
literal_form: water sent down from Heaven
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: fire of punishment
literal_form: fire associated with torture and Hell
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- ev:20
- id: sym:3
label: sleep as security
literal_form: sleep falling upon the faithful
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:4
label: holy temple / house of God
literal_form: holy temple and house of God
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- ev:12
- id: sym:5
label: dream of reduced enemy numbers
literal_form: dream in which the enemy is shown as few
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:19
- id: sym:6
label: fifth part of booty
literal_form: one fifth of captured booty assigned to named recipients
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Security and cleansing before conflict
summary: The faithful receive sleep as security and water from Heaven for cleansing,
removal of Satanic pollution, inner strengthening, and firmness.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Divine command to angels and dread cast into opponents
summary: God tells the angels He will be with them, commands them to establish the
faithful, and declares that He will cast dread into the hearts of the infidels.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Battle obedience and divine agency
summary: Believers are told not to retreat before the enemy hosts; the passage states
that victory and the casting of shafts were God's action and a trial of the faithful.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: scene:4
label: Warnings, obedience, and memory of weakness
summary: The faithful are instructed to obey God and the apostle, respond to the
call that gives life, fear temptation, and remember when God sheltered and strengthened
them while they were few and weak.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:5
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: scene:5
label: Plots against the apostle and divine counter-plotting
summary: Unbelievers plot to imprison, kill, or banish the addressed figure, while
God is described as plotting and as the best of plotters.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: scene:6
label: Challenge for heavenly punishment and deferred chastisement
summary: Unbelievers demand stones from Heaven or grievous chastisement if the message
is true, but God does not chastise while the addressed figure is with them or
while they seek pardon.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- ev:10
- id: scene:7
label: Temple guardianship and mock prayer
summary: The passage says the unbelievers bar the faithful from the holy temple
though they are not its guardians, and characterizes their prayer at God's house
as whistling and clapping.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- ev:12
- id: scene:8
label: Eschatological separation and Hell
summary: Infidels who persist are gathered into Hell; God separates bad from good
and heaps the bad together.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- ev:15
- id: scene:9
label: Command to fight and divine protection
summary: The faithful are commanded to fight until strife ends and religion belongs
to God, with God named as their excellent protector and helper if opponents turn
back.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- id: scene:10
label: Distribution of booty after the day of victory
summary: A fifth of booty is assigned to God, the Apostle, kin, orphans, the poor,
and the wayfarer in connection with the day of victory and meeting of hosts.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
- id: scene:11
label: Valley encampment and dream of few enemies
summary: The battle arrangement is described around a valley and caravan, and God
shows the enemy as few in a dream to prevent fear and dispute.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:18
- ev:19
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: divine aid in battle
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage attributes security, cleansing, angelic support, dread among
enemies, victory, and favorable perception in a dream to God's intervention for
the faithful.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:19
confidence: high
cautions: This is a plain passage motif not represented by a specific supplied motif-family
taxonomy ID.
- id: motif:2
label: divine judgment of unbelievers
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage repeatedly describes severe punishment, torture of fire, Hell,
separation of bad from good, and the doom awaiting those who persist.
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- ev:15
- ev:20
confidence: high
cautions: Judgment is framed within the passage's polemical and eschatological language;
no external comparison is inferred.
- id: motif:3
label: heavenly water as purification and strengthening
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Water from Heaven cleanses the faithful, removes Satanic pollution, strengthens
hearts, and establishes feet.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: high
cautions: The available symbol taxonomy includes water, but the available motif-family
taxonomy has no exact purification-water entry.
- id: motif:4
label: divine counter-plot against hostile plotters
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The unbelievers plot against the addressed figure, while God is said to plot
and to be the best of plotters.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
confidence: high
cautions: No supplied taxonomy family exactly matches the plot/counter-plot pattern.
- id: motif:5
label: revelatory dream altering courage
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: God shows the enemy as few in a dream, preventing faintheartedness and dispute
among the faithful.
evidence_refs:
- ev:19
confidence: high
cautions: The passage does not elaborate dream mechanics beyond this battlefield
function.
- id: motif:6
label: sacred allocation of war booty
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: A fifth part of booty is apportioned to God, the Apostle, kin, orphans, the
poor, and the wayfarer after victory.
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
confidence: medium
cautions: The supplied taxonomy term 'sacred_exchange' only partially fits; the
passage concerns distribution of booty rather than reciprocal exchange.
- id: motif:7
label: forgiveness if enemies desist
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The infidels are told that if they desist from unbelief, what is past will
be forgiven; if they return, the doom of the ancients stands before them.
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a conditional warning and offer of forgiveness, not a developed
narrative episode.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage itself links the threatened fate of persistent unbelievers to
a prior pattern called the 'doom of the ancients.'
claim_level: same_function
target: doom of the ancients as a precedent for divine judgment
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The passage names the precedent but does not identify specific ancient
peoples or narrate their doom in this line range.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 20575-20578
quote_or_summary: Sleep falls on the faithful as security; water from Heaven cleanses
them, removes Satanic pollution, strengthens hearts, and establishes feet.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 20580-20583
quote_or_summary: God addresses the angels, says He will be with them, commands
them to establish the faithful, and says He will cast dread into the infidels'
hearts.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 20589-20594
quote_or_summary: Believers are told not to turn their backs when meeting the marshalled
hosts, except to maneuver in battle or rally to another troop; retreat incurs
divine wrath and Hell.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 20596-20599
quote_or_summary: The passage says the believers did not slay the enemy; God slew
them, and the shafts were God's rather than the apostle's, as a gracious trial
of the faithful.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 20601-20606
quote_or_summary: God brings the craft of the infidels to nothing; Meccans are told
a decision has come, that returning to struggle will be met, and that their forces
will not avail because God is with the faithful.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 20608-20619
quote_or_summary: The faithful are told to obey God and the apostle, truly hear,
respond to the call that gives life, and know that God comes between a man and
his heart and that all will be gathered to Him.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 20621-20627
quote_or_summary: The faithful are warned about temptation and reminded that when
they were few, weak, and afraid, God took them in, strengthened them, and supplied
good things.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 20635-20637
quote_or_summary: Unbelievers plot to imprison, kill, or banish the addressed figure;
they plotted and God plotted, and God is called the best of plotters.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 20642-20644
quote_or_summary: Unbelievers say that if the message is truth from God, He should
rain stones from Heaven or impose grievous chastisement.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: 20646-20647
quote_or_summary: God chooses not to chastise them while the addressed figure is
with them and not to chastise them while they seek pardon.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: 20649-20652
quote_or_summary: The passage says the unbelievers debar the faithful from the holy
temple though they are not its guardians; the Godfearing alone are its guardians.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: 20654-20656
quote_or_summary: Their prayer at the house of God is described as whistling through
fingers and clapping hands, followed by a command to taste torment for unbelief.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
type: summary
locator: 20658-20661
quote_or_summary: Infidels spend riches to turn people aside from God's way; they
will spend, then sigh, and then be overcome.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:14
type: summary
locator: 20663-20667
quote_or_summary: Infidels are gathered into Hell so that God may separate the bad
from the good and heap the bad together in Hell; they are lost.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:15
type: summary
locator: 20669-20671
quote_or_summary: Infidels are told that if they desist, the past will be forgiven,
but if they return they already have before them the doom of the ancients.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:16
type: summary
locator: 20673-20677
quote_or_summary: The faithful are commanded to fight until strife ends and religion
is all God's; if opponents turn back, God is called their protector and helper.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:17
type: summary
locator: 20679-20685
quote_or_summary: A fifth part of booty belongs to God, the Apostle, near kin, orphans,
the poor, and the wayfarer, if the faithful believe in God and what was sent down
on the day of victory and meeting of hosts.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:18
type: summary
locator: 20687-20691
quote_or_summary: The faithful are encamped on the near side of the valley, the
opponents on the farther side, and the caravan below; events unfold so God may
accomplish what was destined.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:19
type: summary
locator: 20696-20701
quote_or_summary: God shows the opponents as few in the addressed figure's dream;
if shown as numerous, the faithful would have become fainthearted and disputed,
but God kept them from this.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:20
type: summary
locator: 20587-20588
quote_or_summary: The passage announces torture of fire for the infidels.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: Extraction uses only the supplied passage. Motif candidates are strongest
where directly stated, but some labels lack exact supplied taxonomy matches. The
comparison claim is limited to the passage's own reference to the doom of the
ancients.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
Line label supplied by request appears to include non-passage header text, but extraction is based only on the provided passage_text for lines 20575-20701.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l20575-l20701
passage_sha256=39ea3dbb5b1d6b423c975d90a32583f3284c9cf84b20edcf18a155fba52e7d6a