batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l19573-l19677
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l19573-l19677
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
PREFACE; lines 19573-19677
start: '19573'
end: '19677'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: The passage presents divine guidance through prophets and scripture, trials
before Paradise, instructions on almsgiving, warfare, wine and gambling, care
for orphans, marriage boundaries, ritual purity, oaths, abstinence, divorce, and
the divine limits that believers are commanded not to overstep.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Mankind is described as having been one people before God sent prophets and
the Book of Truth to announce, warn, and decide disputes.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Believers are said to be guided by God to the truth and to the straight path.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: Entry into Paradise is presented alongside the precedent of earlier people
who endured ills, troubles, and trials and asked when God's help would come.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: Alms are directed toward parents, kindred, orphans, the poor, and the wayfarer,
and God is said to know whatever good is done.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: War is prescribed although disliked; war in the Sacred Month is called bad,
while turning people from God, the Sacred Temple, and religion is described as
worse.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:6
text: Those who turn from religion and die as infidels are said to have fruitless
works in this world and the next and to be consigned to the Fire.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:7
text: Those who believe, leave their country, and fight in the cause of God are
said to hope for God's mercy.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:8
text: Wine and games of chance are said to contain both sin and advantage, but their
sin is greater than their advantage.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:9
text: Fair dealing with orphans is described as best, and God is said to know the
foul dealer from the fair.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:10
text: Marriage with idolatresses and idolaters is prohibited until they believe;
believing slaves are preferred over pleasing idolaters.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:11
text: Idolatrous figures are said to invite to the Fire, while God invites to Paradise
and pardon.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:12
text: The passage gives rules about menstrual separation, cleansing, and marital
approach, and says that God loves those who turn to Him and seek cleanliness.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:13
text: Wives are called a field, and the audience is told to do an act for their
souls' good, fear God, and know they must meet Him.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: obs:14
text: Rules are given concerning oaths, abstaining from wives, divorce, waiting
periods, and concealment of what God created in wombs.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- id: obs:15
text: Divorce is limited by the bounds set up by God, and overstepping those bounds
identifies people as evil doers.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: obs:16
text: The audience is told not to make God's signs a jest and to remember God's
favor, the Book, and the Wisdom sent down for warning.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: God
description: The divine figure who sends prophets and scripture, guides whom He
pleases, knows human deeds and hearts, prescribes limits, invites to Paradise
and pardon, and judges conduct.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:5
- ev:10
- ev:13
- ev:14
- ev:15
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Prophets
description: Figures sent by God to announce glad tidings and to warn, accompanied
by the Book of Truth.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Mankind / men
description: The human community described as once one people and as disputing after
clear tokens had reached them.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: The Apostle
description: A figure who, together with those sharing his faith, asks when the
help of God will come during trials.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Believers / faithful
description: Those guided to truth, addressed by the passage, commanded in alms,
warfare, marriage, purity, oaths, and divorce, and given good tidings.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:6
- ev:12
- ev:13
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Parents, kindred, orphans, the poor, and the wayfarer
description: Named recipients of the good bestowed in alms.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Orphans
description: A vulnerable group about whom the audience asks; fair dealing with
them is said to be best.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Idolatresses, idolaters, and hostile unbelievers
description: Nonbelieving figures associated with prohibited marriages, invitation
to the Fire, and efforts to turn believers from their religion.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:9
- ev:10
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Women / wives / divorced women
description: Figures named in rules concerning menstrual courses, marital relations,
abstinence, divorce, waiting periods, and remarriage.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- ev:12
- ev:13
- ev:14
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Husbands / men
description: Figures addressed in rules concerning wives, abstinence, divorce, return,
retention, and fair treatment.
role_refs:
- role:9
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- ev:13
- ev:14
- ev:15
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divine sender of revelation
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God sends prophets and the Book of Truth and sends down the Book and Wisdom.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:15
- id: role:2
label: divine judge and knower
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God knows good deeds, hearts, fair and foul dealing, and everything; He punishes
or forgives in relation to conduct.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:8
- ev:13
- ev:15
- id: role:3
label: divine guide and inviter to salvation
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: God guides believers to truth and invites to Paradise and pardon.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:10
- id: role:4
label: messenger or prophetic figure
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:4
basis: Prophets announce and warn; the Apostle appears as a faith leader undergoing
trials with believers.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: role:5
label: disputing human community
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Humanity is described as one people who later disputed over revealed truth.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:6
label: believing community under command and trial
assigned_to:
- fig:4
- fig:5
basis: The Apostle and believers are tried, ask for God's help, and receive commands
on conduct.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:6
- ev:13
- id: role:7
label: recipients or subjects of care
assigned_to:
- fig:6
- fig:7
basis: The passage names groups to receive alms and gives special direction about
fair dealing with orphans.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:8
- id: role:8
label: religious opponents or prohibited marriage partners
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: They are associated with hostility, unbelief, prohibited marriage, and invitation
to the Fire.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:9
- ev:10
- id: role:9
label: spouses governed by marital law
assigned_to:
- fig:9
- fig:10
basis: Women, wives, husbands, and men are addressed in rules concerning sexual
relations, abstinence, divorce, and return.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- ev:12
- ev:13
- ev:14
- id: role:10
label: party warned against unjust retention
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: Men are told not to retain divorced women by constraint so as to be unjust
toward them.
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: Book of Truth / Book and Wisdom
literal_form: Revealed book and wisdom sent down by God
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:15
- id: sym:2
label: Straight path
literal_form: The straight path to which God guides
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:3
label: Paradise
literal_form: Paradise as the destination mentioned in relation to trials and divine
invitation
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:10
- id: sym:4
label: Fire
literal_form: The Fire to which infidels are consigned and to which opponents invite
associated_figures:
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:10
- id: sym:5
label: Sacred Month
literal_form: A sacred time in which war is discussed as bad
associated_figures:
- fig:5
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:6
label: Sacred Temple
literal_form: The Sacred Temple named as an object of faith and a place from which
people may be driven out
associated_figures:
- fig:5
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:7
label: Bounds of God
literal_form: Divine bounds and ordinances that must not be overstepped
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:9
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: sym:8
label: Field
literal_form: Wives described as a field in the marital instruction
associated_figures:
- fig:9
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: sym:9
label: Courses and cleansing
literal_form: Women's courses described as pollution followed by cleansing before
approach
associated_figures:
- fig:9
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Revelation after human unity and dispute
summary: Humanity is described as one people; God sends prophets and the Book of
Truth to announce, warn, and resolve disputes, and guides believers to the straight
path.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Trials before Paradise
summary: The audience is asked whether they expect to enter Paradise without undergoing
hardships like those before them; the Apostle and believers ask when God's help
will come.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Almsgiving and care for vulnerable people
summary: The passage answers a question about alms by naming family members and
vulnerable travelers as recipients, and later instructs fair dealing with orphans.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:8
- id: scene:4
label: War, sacred time, apostasy, and mercy
summary: War is prescribed despite aversion; conflict in the Sacred Month is weighed
against religious persecution and expulsion, while apostasy leads to the Fire
and believing emigration and struggle may hope for mercy.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
- sym:5
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: scene:5
label: Wine, gambling, and reflective instruction
summary: Wine and games of chance are described as having both benefit and sin,
with sin greater; the audience is told to give what can be spared and to ponder
this world and the next.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:6
label: Marriage boundaries and opposing invitations
summary: The passage prohibits marriage with idolatrous partners until belief, contrasts
believing slaves with pleasing idolaters, and opposes invitation to the Fire with
God's invitation to Paradise and pardon.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- ev:10
- id: scene:7
label: Purity and marital approach
summary: The audience is instructed about women's courses, separation until cleansing,
marital approach, fear of God, and the certainty of meeting Him.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:8
- sym:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- ev:12
- id: scene:8
label: Oaths, abstinence, divorce, and divine bounds
summary: Rules are given for oaths, abstaining from wives, divorce, waiting periods,
return, redemption, remarriage after a third divorce, generous retention or release,
and remembrance of God's signs, Book, and Wisdom.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:5
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- ev:14
- ev:15
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Revealed wisdom as guidance for disputed humanity
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: God sends prophets and the Book of Truth to announce, warn, decide disputes,
and guide believers to the straight path; the Book and Wisdom are later said to
have been sent down for warning.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:15
confidence: high
cautions: The passage is legal and theological rather than a narrative myth episode;
the motif label is based on explicit revelation and guidance language.
- id: motif:2
label: Divine judgment through Paradise and Fire
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The passage contrasts Paradise, pardon, and God's mercy with consignment
to the Fire for those who turn from religion and die in unbelief.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:10
confidence: high
cautions: The passage states outcomes and warnings but does not narrate an afterlife
journey.
- id: motif:3
label: Trial before blessed entry
taxonomy_refs:
- initiation
basis: The audience is asked whether they expect to enter Paradise without undergoing
the kinds of ills, troubles, and trials endured by earlier believers.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage presents testing before Paradise; classification as initiation
is analogical and should be reviewed.
- id: motif:4
label: Sacred law as bounded order
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Divorce and marital conduct are framed by the bounds and ordinances of God,
which must not be overstepped.
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- ev:15
confidence: medium
cautions: No available taxonomy reference precisely matches this legal-boundary
pattern; it is retained as a passage-level motif candidate only.
- id: motif:5
label: Sacred giving and accountable exchange
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: The passage directs almsgiving to specified recipients, says God knows good
acts, and permits a wife-given redemption in a divorce case under divine bounds.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:14
confidence: low
cautions: The exchange elements are primarily legal and ethical; the motif-family
assignment is tentative.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 19573-19579
quote_or_summary: God sends prophets and the Book of Truth to announce, warn, decide
disputes, and guide believers to truth and the straight path.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 19581-19584
quote_or_summary: The audience is asked whether they expect to enter Paradise without
trials like earlier people, who asked when God's help would come.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 19586-19588
quote_or_summary: Alms are to be bestowed on parents, kindred, orphans, the poor,
and the wayfarer; God knows whatever good is done.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 19590-19599
quote_or_summary: War is prescribed; war in the Sacred Month is bad, but turning
from God, lack of faith in Him and the Sacred Temple, expulsion, and civil strife
are described as worse.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 19599-19603
quote_or_summary: Those who turn from religion and die as infidels have fruitless
works in this world and the next and are consigned to the Fire.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 19604-19605
quote_or_summary: Those who believe, flee their country, and fight in God's cause
may hope for God's mercy.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 19607-19612
quote_or_summary: Wine and games of chance have both sin and advantage, but their
sin is greater; the audience is told to give what can be spared and to ponder
this world and the next.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 19612-19616
quote_or_summary: Fair dealing with orphans is best; God knows the foul dealer from
the fair.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 19618-19623
quote_or_summary: The audience is told not to marry idolatresses or wed daughters
to idolaters until they believe; believing slaves are preferred over pleasing
idolaters.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: 19624-19625
quote_or_summary: They invite to the Fire, but God invites to Paradise and pardon
and makes His signs clear.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: 19627-19632
quote_or_summary: Women's courses are described as pollution; separation is commanded
until cleansing, after which approach is permitted as God ordained.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: 19634-19636
quote_or_summary: Wives are called a field; the audience is told to act for the
soul's good, fear God, know they must meet Him, and bear good tidings to the faithful.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:13
type: summary
locator: 19638-19650
quote_or_summary: Rules are given about oaths, punishment for what hearts have done,
abstaining from wives for four months, divorce, waiting through three courses,
and not concealing what God created in wombs.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:14
type: summary
locator: 19652-19666
quote_or_summary: Divorce is limited; retention or release must be honorable or
kind; taking back gifts is restricted; redemption and remarriage are framed by
the bounds and ordinances of God.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
- id: ev:15
type: summary
locator: 19668-19677
quote_or_summary: Divorced women are to be retained or released with generosity,
not by constraint; God's signs are not to be made a jest, and the Book and Wisdom
sent down for warning are to be remembered.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain source text; summary supplied.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: Literal extraction is based directly on the supplied passage. Motif candidates
are cautious because the passage is primarily legal and exhortative rather than
mythic narrative. No comparison claims were made because the passage itself does
not support a specific external comparison.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
Used only the supplied passage and metadata. Taxonomy references were limited to available motif families and symbols.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l19573-l19677
passage_sha256=f63856d333718ebb9270b659ce56ad3acd89050ef71a22469626d66164e5b148