Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l18220-l18327

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l18220-l18327

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l18220-l18327
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
  label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
    PREFACE; lines 18220-18327
  start: '18220'
  end: '18327'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage rejects associating partners with God, criticizes ritual apportionment
    of crops and livestock to associated deities, condemns child-slaying and invented
    food prohibitions, names lawful and unlawful foods, recalls restrictions placed
    on Jews, demands proof for alleged divine prohibitions, lists binding ethical
    commands, urges following the right way, and presents the Book given to Moses
    and the present Book as guidance and mercy with punishment for rejecting signs.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Some people allot portions of fruits and cattle to God and to associated companions,
    with the passage judging the arrangement negatively.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The companion-gods are said to have induced many associators to slay their
    children and confuse their religion.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: Certain cattle and fruits are declared sacred by the people, with restricted
    access, labor exemptions, and omissions of God's name over some cattle.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: The passage describes gendered rules about what is in the wombs of cattle
    and says God will reward those distinctions.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: The passage says those who slay their children in ignorance and forbid food
    given by God have erred.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: God is described as producing gardens, vines, palm trees, corn, olives, and
    pomegranates, and people are instructed to eat fruit, pay its due at ingathering,
    and avoid prodigality.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: Cattle are described as useful for burdens and journeys, and people are told
    to eat what God has given and not follow Satan's steps.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:8
  text: 'Four pairs of livestock are listed: sheep, goats, camels, and oxen; the passage
    challenges claims that God forbade specific males, females, or womb contents.'
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: 'The passage states a limited set of forbidden foods: carrion, poured-out
    blood, swine flesh, and what is profane by being slain in the name of another
    than God, while allowing forced consumption without wilfulness or transgression.'
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:10
  text: The passage says certain beasts and fats were forbidden to the Jews as recompense
    for transgression.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:11
  text: Associators are portrayed as explaining their practices by saying they and
    their fathers would not have done them if God had pleased otherwise.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:12
  text: The speaker is instructed to demand witnesses for alleged divine prohibitions
    and not to join false testimony.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:13
  text: Binding commands include assigning no partner to God, doing good to parents,
    not killing children because of poverty, avoiding pollutions, and not killing
    a person whom God has forbidden except for a just cause.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: obs:14
  text: Further commands concern protecting orphan property, using full measure and
    just balance, giving just judgment even in a kinsman's matter, and fulfilling
    God's covenant.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
- id: obs:15
  text: A single right way is contrasted with other paths that scatter people from
    God's path.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
- id: obs:16
  text: The Book given to Moses and the present Book are described as guidance, mercy,
    and clear exposition; rejection of God's signs brings punishment.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:16
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: Creator and provider of produce and food, giver of commands, judge,
    guide, and sender of books.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
  - ev:16
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Companion-gods / associated companions
  description: Beings or partners associated with God by the people; they receive
    allotted portions and are said to induce child-slaying.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Those who associate partners with God
  description: People who assign companions to God, invent prohibitions, make claims
    about sacred cattle and foods, and are challenged to produce proof.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:8
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Children
  description: Children slain by some people; the passage commands that children not
    be slain because of poverty.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
  - ev:13
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Satan
  description: Named as a declared enemy whose steps should not be followed.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Jews
  description: Community to whom specific animal and fat prohibitions were applied
    as recompense for transgression.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Moses
  description: Recipient of a Book described as complete, decisive, guidance, and
    mercy.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:16
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Orphan
  description: Person whose property is not to be approached except for improvement
    until coming of age.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Addressed messenger or reciter
  description: Figure commanded repeatedly to say, rehearse, challenge witnesses,
    and proclaim binding commands.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: creator-provider
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God produces gardens and gives food for people to eat.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: role:2
  label: lawgiver and covenant authority
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God is the source of binding commands, lawful and forbidden foods, and covenant
    obligations.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
- id: role:3
  label: judge and recompensing authority
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage says God rewards inventions and distinctions, recompenses transgression,
    and punishes rejection of signs.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:10
  - ev:16
- id: role:4
  label: false associated powers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: They are associated with God as companions and are said to induce ruinous
    child-slaying.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:5
  label: misguided inventors of prohibitions
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: They invent restrictions on animals and foods and are asked for knowledge
    or witnesses.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:8
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: role:6
  label: vulnerable dependents
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  - fig:8
  basis: Children are not to be killed because of poverty, and orphan property is
    to be protected.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
- id: role:7
  label: declared enemy
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Satan is explicitly called the declared enemy whose steps are not to be followed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:8
  label: earlier regulated community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The Jews are said to have received specific dietary prohibitions as recompense
    for transgression.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:9
  label: recipient of earlier book
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Moses is named as the one to whom the Book was given.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:16
- id: role:10
  label: commanded proclaimer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The passage repeatedly instructs the addressed figure to say or rehearse
    divine claims and commands.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: apportioned fruits and cattle
  literal_form: portions of fruits and cattle assigned to God and associated companions
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: sacred restricted livestock and produce
  literal_form: cattle and fruits called sacred, restricted to selected eaters, exempted
    from labor, or lacking God's name
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:3
  label: womb contents of cattle
  literal_form: what is in the wombs of cattle, assigned by gendered rules
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:8
- id: sym:4
  label: cultivated abundance
  literal_form: gardens, vines, palm trees, corn, olives, and pomegranates
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:5
  label: livestock pairs
  literal_form: pairs of sheep, goats, camels, and oxen
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:6
  label: forbidden foods
  literal_form: carrion, poured-out blood, swine flesh, and what is slain in the name
    of other than God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:7
  label: just measure and balance
  literal_form: full measure and just balance
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
- id: sym:8
  label: right way and other paths
  literal_form: God's right way contrasted with other paths
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
- id: sym:9
  label: Book as guidance
  literal_form: Book given to Moses and blessed Book sent down
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:16
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Condemnation of apportioned offerings and child-slaying
  summary: The passage criticizes allotting fruits and cattle to God and associated
    companions and says companion-gods induced many to slay children and confuse religion.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Invented livestock and food restrictions challenged
  summary: Claims about sacred cattle, restricted produce, cattle wombs, and livestock
    pairs are presented as inventions or unsupported prohibitions.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:8
- id: scene:3
  label: Divine provision and lawful eating
  summary: God is described as producing cultivated abundance and providing livestock
    for burdens, journeys, and food, while prodigality and following Satan are forbidden.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:4
  label: Dietary boundary and earlier Jewish restrictions
  summary: The passage names specific forbidden foods for the present audience and
    recalls stricter prohibitions placed on Jews because of transgression.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: scene:5
  label: Demand for proof and witnesses
  summary: Associators who attribute their practices to divine will are challenged
    to produce knowledge and witnesses for claims that God forbade the animals.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: scene:6
  label: Rehearsal of binding commands
  summary: The passage lists commands about monotheism, parents, children, pollution,
    killing, orphan property, fair measures, just judgment, and the covenant of God.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
- id: scene:7
  label: Right path and revealed books
  summary: The passage commands following God's right way rather than scattering paths
    and presents the Mosaic Book and the present Book as guidance and mercy.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
  - ev:16
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: condemnation of false offerings to associated deities
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  basis: The passage describes portions of produce and livestock assigned to God and
    to associated companions, then condemns the arrangement as bad judgment and invention.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage condemns rather than endorses the exchange; the taxonomy fit
    is functional and limited.
- id: motif:2
  label: child-slaying condemned as religious error
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  basis: Companion-gods are said to induce child-slaying, and the passage later commands
    that children not be slain because of poverty.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
  - ev:13
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage says children are slain but does not explicitly label the
    act as sacrifice.
- id: motif:3
  label: divine provision against invented food taboos
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The passage contrasts God's provision of produce and livestock with unsupported
    human prohibitions and demands knowledge, proof, and witnesses.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The wisdom motif is broad; the passage emphasizes revealed discernment
    and proof rather than a narrative quest for wisdom.
- id: motif:4
  label: divine judgment and recompense for falsehood or transgression
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage repeatedly states that God will reward inventions and distinctions,
    recompensed the Jews for transgression, and will punish those who turn aside from
    signs.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:10
  - ev:16
  confidence: high
  cautions: ''
- id: motif:5
  label: covenantal ethical commands
  taxonomy_refs:
  - covenant
  basis: The passage lists binding commands and explicitly requires fulfilling the
    covenant of God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
  confidence: high
  cautions: ''
- id: motif:6
  label: right path versus scattering paths
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage presents one right way to follow and warns against other paths
    that scatter people from God's path.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference precisely matches this path image.
- id: motif:7
  label: revealed book as guidance and mercy
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The Book to Moses and the present Book are described as guidance, mercy,
    clear exposition, and a means for belief in meeting the Lord.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:16
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The motif concerns revealed guidance; the available taxonomy term 'wisdom'
    is approximate.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage explicitly compares present dietary claims with earlier restrictions
    placed on the Jews, using both as cases of divine regulation but distinguishing
    the Jewish restrictions as recompense for transgression.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Jewish dietary prohibitions within the passage's recalled earlier community
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The claim is limited to the passage's own statement and does not identify
    external legal details beyond those given here.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The present Book and the Book given to Moses are presented as performing
    a similar guiding and merciful function for their recipients.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Book given to Moses and the present Book sent down
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:16
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The comparison is based only on the passage's internal juxtaposition
    of the two books.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18220-18224
  quote_or_summary: People set apart fruits and cattle, saying one portion is for
    God and another for companions associated with Him; the passage says the companions'
    portion does not come to God, while God's portion comes to the companions, and
    judges this badly.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18225-18229
  quote_or_summary: The companion-gods are said to induce many associators to slay
    their children, ruin them, and confuse their religion; the addressed figure is
    told to leave them and their devices.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18230-18235
  quote_or_summary: Some call cattle and fruits sacred, restrict who may taste them,
    exempt some cattle from labor, and omit God's name over some cattle; the passage
    calls this invention a lie against God and says He will reward it.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18236-18239
  quote_or_summary: Some say what is in the wombs of certain cattle is allowed to
    males and forbidden to wives, but shared if abortive; God is said to reward these
    distinctions.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18240-18243
  quote_or_summary: Those who ignorantly slay their children and forbid food God has
    given are called lost, erroneous, and not rightly guided.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18244-18249
  quote_or_summary: God produces gardens, vines, palms, corn, olives, and pomegranates;
    people are told to eat the fruit, pay its due at ingathering, and not be prodigal.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18250-18252
  quote_or_summary: Cattle are for burdens and journeys; people are told to eat what
    God gives and not follow Satan's steps, because he is a declared enemy.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18253-18260
  quote_or_summary: The passage lists pairs of sheep, goats, camels, and oxen, and
    challenges claims that God forbade the males, females, or what the females' wombs
    enclose, asking whether the claimants witnessed God enjoin it.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18261-18267
  quote_or_summary: The revealed forbidden foods are limited to what dies of itself,
    poured-out blood, swine flesh, and what is profane by being slain in the name
    of other than God; forced participation without wilfulness or transgression is
    met with divine indulgence and mercy.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18268-18272
  quote_or_summary: To the Jews, every beast with an entire hoof and certain fats
    of bullocks and sheep were forbidden, with exceptions; this is described as recompense
    for transgression and as equitable.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18273-18281
  quote_or_summary: If the messenger is treated as an impostor, he is to say the Lord
    has mercy and severity; those who add gods will claim they and their fathers would
    not have associated companions or interdicted anything if God had pleased, but
    they are challenged for knowledge and accused of following conceit and lies.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18282-18286
  quote_or_summary: The addressed figure is told to bring witnesses who can witness
    that God forbade the animals, but not to witness with them or with those who deny
    signs, disbelieve the life to come, and give equals to the Lord.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18287-18293
  quote_or_summary: The Lord's binding commands include assigning no partner to Him,
    being good to parents, not slaying children because of poverty because provision
    is promised, avoiding outward and inward pollutions, and not slaying a person
    whom God has forbidden except for just cause.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:14
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18294-18299
  quote_or_summary: Commands include approaching orphan property only to improve it
    until maturity, using full measure and just balance, judging justly even with
    kin, and fulfilling the covenant of God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:15
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18300-18302
  quote_or_summary: God's right way is to be followed, and other paths are not to
    be followed lest people be scattered from His path.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:16
  type: summary
  locator: lines 18303-18327
  quote_or_summary: The Book was given to Moses as completion, decision, guidance,
    and mercy; the present Book is blessed and sent down as guidance and mercy, answering
    those who might say scripture came only to two earlier peoples or that they would
    have followed guidance better; rejection of God's signs brings evil punishment.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: high
  notes: Literal extraction is strong because the passage is explicit. Some motif
    taxonomy assignments are approximate where the supplied taxonomy lacks exact categories
    for dietary law, monotheistic polemic, and straight-path imagery.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
  Only the provided passage and metadata were used. No external sura identification or commentary has been added.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l18220-l18327
  passage_sha256=3f4ac1b8d6cbd92c2e218d8c822c1090527f618c813f8dd0078cdbc40305dbd7