Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l17577-l17717

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l17577-l17717

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l17577-l17717
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
  label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
    PREFACE; lines 17577-17717
  start: '17577'
  end: '17717'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage describes unbelievers brought before the fire, the warning
    of the people of Ad by their brother, their rejection and destruction by a cloud-borne
    blast, the failure of false gods to help, a company of djinn hearing the Koran
    and returning as warners, affirmations of divine power to resurrect the dead,
    exhortation to patience, and the opening of Sura VI praising God as creator while
    recounting rejected signs, destroyed generations, and demands for visible revelation
    or an angel.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Unbelievers are described as being set before the fire and addressed about
    their earthly pleasures, pride, injustice, and excess.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The brother of Ad warns his people to worship only God and says he fears for
    them the punishment of a great day.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The people answer by challenging the threatened woes and accusing the warner
    of trying to turn them away from their gods.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: A cloud seen approaching the valleys is first taken by the people as rain,
    but is identified as a blast carrying afflictive punishment.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: After the destructive blast, only empty dwellings are said to be visible in
    the morning.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: The people are said to have been given power, ears, eyes, and hearts, yet
    these did not help them when they rejected God's signs.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: Former cities around the audience are said to have been destroyed after varied
    signs were shown to them.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: Deities taken beside God are said not to have helped their worshippers and
    to have withdrawn from them.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:9
  text: A company of djinn is turned aside to hear the Koran, tells one another to
    be silent, and then returns to its people with warnings.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:10
  text: The djinn describe the heard book as sent down after Moses, confirming previous
    scriptures and guiding to truth and the right way.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:11
  text: God's creation of the heavens and earth is used as a basis for his power to
    quicken the dead.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:12
  text: The opening of Sura VI praises God as creator of the heavens and earth, ordainer
    of darkness and light, and creator of humans from clay.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:13
  text: Earlier generations are said to have received settlement, rains, and rivers,
    but to have been destroyed for sins and replaced by other generations.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:14
  text: Even a book on parchment touched by the unbelievers' hands is said to be dismissed
    by them as sorcery.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:15
  text: The passage says that if an angel had been appointed, it would have been appointed
    in the form of a man and clothed like humans.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: Creator, sender of signs and revelation, judge, destroyer of wicked
    peoples, and one with power to quicken the dead.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: unbelievers / infidels
  description: Those who reject belief, are set before the fire, mock or deny signs,
    and demand further visible proof.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: brother of Ad
  description: A warner to the people of Ad in Al Ahkaf; translator note identifies
    him as the Prophet Houd.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: people of Ad
  description: The warned people who challenge the threatened punishment, mistake
    the coming cloud for rain, and are left with empty dwellings.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: false gods / kindred deities
  description: Deities taken beside God who are said not to help their worshippers
    and to withdraw from them.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: company of the djinn
  description: Nonhuman listeners who hear the Koran, call for silence, and return
    to their people with warnings.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: people of the djinn
  description: The audience to whom the djinn return with warnings and exhortations
    to obey God's Summoner.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Summoner of God / God's preacher
  description: A figure whom the djinn urge their people to obey and believe in.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Apostles endued with firmness
  description: Earlier apostles presented as models of patience; apostles before the
    addressee are also said to have been mocked.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:10
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: earlier generations
  description: Former peoples settled on earth, given rains and rivers, destroyed
    in their sins, and succeeded by other generations.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: angel
  description: A demanded heavenly envoy; the passage says that if appointed, the
    angel would appear in human form and garments.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine creator
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God is described as creating the heavens, earth, darkness, light, and humans
    from clay.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:2
  label: divine judge and punisher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God is associated with punishment before the fire, destruction of peoples,
    and power over final judgment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:9
- id: role:3
  label: giver of revelation and signs
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage refers to God's signs, the Koran, previous scriptures, and a
    book sent down.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
- id: role:4
  label: rejecters of warning or signs
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  basis: Unbelievers and the people of Ad reject signs, warnings, or the threatened
    punishment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
- id: role:5
  label: recipients of fiery punishment
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Unbelievers are set before the fire and told to taste punishment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
- id: role:6
  label: warner or messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  basis: The brother of Ad warns his people; the djinn return with warnings; the Summoner
    of God is to be obeyed; apostles are models of prophetic endurance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:10
- id: role:7
  label: destroyed people
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  - fig:10
  basis: The people of Ad and earlier generations are described as destroyed after
    rejecting signs or sinning.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:9
- id: role:8
  label: failed protector
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The deities taken beside God do not help and withdraw from their worshippers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:9
  label: receptive nonhuman listener
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The djinn listen quietly to the Koran and respond by warning their own people.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:10
  label: warned audience
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The djinn address their people and urge obedience to God's Summoner.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:11
  label: patient exemplar
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The addressee is told to be patient as the apostles endowed with firmness
    were patient.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:12
  label: requested visible envoy
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: The unbelievers ask that an angel be sent down, and the passage explains
    how such an angel would appear.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: fire of punishment
  literal_form: fire
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
- id: sym:2
  label: cloud mistaken for rain
  literal_form: cloud approaching the valleys
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:3
  label: afflictive blast
  literal_form: blast carrying punishment
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:4
  label: empty dwellings
  literal_form: empty dwellings left after destruction
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:5
  label: ears, eyes, and hearts
  literal_form: human faculties given to a people but unable to aid them after rejecting
    signs
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:6
  label: Koran as heard book
  literal_form: book listened to by the djinn, sent down after Moses and affirming
    previous scriptures
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:7
  label: heavens and earth
  literal_form: created heavens and earth
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
- id: sym:8
  label: clay origin
  literal_form: humans created of clay
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:9
  label: darkness and light
  literal_form: darkness and light ordained by God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:10
  label: rains and rivers
  literal_form: copious rains and rivers flowing beneath earlier generations
  associated_figures:
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:11
  label: parchment book
  literal_form: book written on parchment and touched by hands
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: sym:12
  label: angel in human form
  literal_form: angel appointed in the form and garments of a man
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Unbelievers before the fire
  summary: Unbelievers are placed before the fire and told that their earthly pleasure,
    pride, injustice, and excess are answered with shameful punishment.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Warning of the people of Ad
  summary: The brother of Ad warns his people to worship only God; they challenge
    him to bring the threatened woes, and he answers that the knowledge is with God.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
- id: scene:3
  label: Destructive cloud and empty dwellings
  summary: The people see an approaching cloud and call it rain, but it is a destructive
    blast; in the morning only empty dwellings remain.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Signs rejected and protectors failing
  summary: A destroyed people had faculties and power, but these did not help after
    rejecting God's signs; former cities were destroyed, and false deities gave no
    aid.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:5
  label: Djinn hear the Koran
  summary: A company of djinn listens to the Koran, recognizes it as confirming previous
    scripture, and returns to warn its people to obey God's Summoner.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:6
  label: Creation, resurrection, and patience
  summary: The passage asks whether the creator of heavens and earth can quicken the
    dead, again depicts unbelievers before the fire, and exhorts patience like that
    of firm apostles.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:7
  label: Opening praise of Sura VI
  summary: God is praised as creator of heavens, earth, darkness, light, and humans
    from clay, while unbelievers are said to assign peers and turn from signs.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: scene:8
  label: Destroyed and succeeded generations
  summary: Earlier generations receive settlement, rain, and rivers, yet are destroyed
    for their sins and replaced by other generations.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: scene:9
  label: Rejected tangible proofs and angelic demand
  summary: A hypothetical parchment revelation would still be called sorcery; a demanded
    angel would, if appointed, appear in human form, and earlier apostles were mocked.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:9
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:11
  - sym:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Final judgment before fire
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Unbelievers are repeatedly set before the fire and addressed with punishment
    for unbelief, pride, injustice, and excess.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage uses judgment imagery but does not provide a detailed afterlife
    itinerary.
- id: motif:2
  label: Rejected warner before communal destruction
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The brother of Ad warns his people; they reject and challenge him; a destructive
    punishment follows.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: The extracted pattern is limited to this passage's summary of the Ad episode.
- id: motif:3
  label: Beneficent-looking cloud as vehicle of destruction
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The people interpret the approaching cloud as rain, but it is declared to
    be the punishment they challenged.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: No available taxonomy reference exactly names the cloud/blast reversal.
- id: motif:4
  label: Faculties fail when divine signs are denied
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: Ears, eyes, and hearts are said not to aid those who rejected God's signs.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The wisdom taxonomy reference is broad; the passage frames the motif as
    failure to heed signs rather than wisdom teaching alone.
- id: motif:5
  label: False protectors fail at judgment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Deities taken beside God do not help their worshippers and withdraw from
    them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage gives a polemical theological claim, not a narrative scene
    of the deities acting independently.
- id: motif:6
  label: Nonhuman beings hear revelation and become warners
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The djinn listen to the Koran, recognize its guidance, and return to warn
    their people.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The available taxonomy has no specific djinn or nonhuman-auditor category.
- id: motif:7
  label: Creator's power grounds resurrection
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: God's creation of the heavens and earth without weariness is cited as evidence
    of power to quicken the dead, and Sura VI also mentions a term for resurrection.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage asserts resurrection doctrine without narrating an individual
    resurrection event.
- id: motif:8
  label: Destroyed generations replaced by successors
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Earlier generations are destroyed in their sins after receiving worldly abundance,
    and other generations are raised up after them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is succession after punishment, not necessarily a death-and-rebirth
    motif for the same figures.
- id: motif:9
  label: Demand for tangible or angelic proof rejected
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage says a parchment book would be called sorcery and that a demanded
    angel would appear in human form if appointed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: No available taxonomy reference exactly matches proof-demand or angelic-human
    manifestation.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: Within the passage, the Koran is presented by the djinn as continuous with
    earlier scripture associated with Moses, affirming previous scriptures and guiding
    to truth.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Mosaic and previous scripture traditions as named in the passage
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: This is an internal theological continuity claim in the passage, not
    an external historical-contact claim.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: 17577-17582
  quote_or_summary: Unbelievers are set before the fire and told that earthly pleasure,
    pride, injustice, and excess are answered with shameful punishment.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 17583-17594
  quote_or_summary: The brother of Ad warns his people in Al Ahkaf to worship only
    God; they challenge him to bring the threatened woes; he says the knowledge is
    with God alone.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 17595-17602
  quote_or_summary: A cloud approaching the valleys is mistaken for rain but is identified
    as an afflictive blast that destroys at its Lord's bidding, leaving empty dwellings
    by morning.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 17603-17614
  quote_or_summary: A destroyed people had power, ears, eyes, and hearts, but these
    did not help after they rejected signs; nearby cities were destroyed, and false
    gods failed to help.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 17615-17629
  quote_or_summary: A company of djinn hears the Koran, asks for silence, returns
    to its people with warnings, and describes the book as sent down after Moses and
    confirming previous scriptures.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: 17630-17638
  quote_or_summary: God's creation of the heavens and earth is cited as proof of power
    to quicken the dead; unbelievers are set before the fire; the addressee is told
    to be patient like firm apostles.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 17641-17664
  quote_or_summary: Translator notes identify the brother of Ad as the Prophet Houd,
    explain Al Ahkaf as Sandhills, and discuss the phrase about deities beside God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized translator notes.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: 17666-17685
  quote_or_summary: Sura VI opens by praising God as creator of heavens, earth, darkness,
    light, and humans from clay; infidels assign peers, doubt resurrection, and turn
    away from signs.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: 17686-17692
  quote_or_summary: Earlier generations were settled on earth, given copious rains
    and rivers, destroyed for sins, and succeeded by other generations.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: 17693-17717
  quote_or_summary: A parchment book touched by unbelievers would still be called
    sorcery; they demand an angel; an angel would appear in human form; earlier apostles
    were mocked, and mockers were encompassed by what they mocked.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The passage is clear, but it spans a sura boundary and includes translator
    notes. Motif taxonomy mapping is sometimes broad because the supplied taxonomy
    lacks exact categories for djinn, rejected signs, and proof-demand episodes.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
  All observations and interpretations are based only on the supplied passage text and metadata.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l17577-l17717
  passage_sha256=aedbbab6988ef07d369f5a8e00d2e1e834190510b12f14b06a0ecc031a6c4a89